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“Colloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale 34, Antwerp (Belgium), 4-9 September 2005: preface”. Bogaerts A, Janssens K, van Grieken R, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 61, 373 (2006). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2006.04.011
Keywords: Editorial; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.241
Times cited: 2
DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2006.04.011
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“Analysis of composite structure and primordial wood remains in petrified wood”. Nowak J, Nowak D, Chevallier P, Lekki J, Van Grieken R, Kuczumov A, Applied spectrsocopy 61, 889 (2007). http://doi.org/10.1366/000370207781540141
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1366/000370207781540141
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“Atmosferische fluxen van zware metalen naar de Noordzee”. Otten P, Injuk J, Rojas C, Van Grieken R, Het ingenieursblad 61, 41 (1992)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) to verify the aluminon staining of bone”. Verbueken AH, van de Vijver FL, Visser WJ, Van Grieken RE, de Broe ME, Stain technology 61, 287 (1986). http://doi.org/10.3109/10520298609109955
Abstract: Triammonium aurin tricarboxylate (aluminon) has been used to localize aluminum in 2 μm sections of undecalcified, methyl methacrylate embedded bone obtained from patients with terminal chronic renal failure. Aluminum appeared in four cases as bright red lines at the mineralized-bone boundary. In two cases, however, purplish lines were found and one patient showed red as well as purplish lines. Laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) identified aluminum at the location of the red lines and both aluminum and iron at the purplish lines. Furthermore, both iron and aluminum were found in histiocytic bone marrow cells, which showed brownish aluminon staining. It appears that when aluminum and iron occur together, aluminon staining may yield aberrant results. This study shows that LAMMA can be used for the identification of elements sought by histochemical methods and thus permits the evaluation of their staining effects.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
DOI: 10.3109/10520298609109955
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“Micro-structural characterization of black crust and laser cleaning of building stones by micro-Raman and SEM techniques”. Potgieter-Vermaak SS, Godoi RHM, Van Grieken R, Potgieter JH, Oujja M, Castillejo M, Spectrochimica acta: part A: molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy 61, 2460 (2005). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAA.2004.09.010
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAA.2004.09.010
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“Molecular and elemental characterisation of mineral particles by means of parallel micro-Raman spectrometry and Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis”. Stefaniak EA, Worobiec A, Potgieter-Vermaak S, Alsecz A, Török S, Van Grieken R, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 61, 824 (2006). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAB.2006.04.009
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAB.2006.04.009
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“Substrate selection for optimum qualitative and quantitative single atmospheric particles analysis using nano-manipulation, sequential thin-window electron probe X-ray microanalysis and micro-Raman spectrometry”. Godoi RHM, Potgieter-Vermaak S, de Hoog J, Kaegi R, Van Grieken R, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 61, 375 (2006). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAB.2006.02.004
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAB.2006.02.004
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“Composition of 12-18th century window glass in Belgium : non-figurative windows in secular buildings and stained-glass windows in religious buildings”. Schalm O, Janssens K, Wouters H, Caluwé, D, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy
T2 –, 18th International Congress on X-Ray Optics and Microanalysis, September 25-30, 2005, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Frascati, Italy 62, 663 (2007). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAB.2007.03.006
Abstract: A set of ca. 500 window glass fragments originating from different historical sites in Belgium and covering the period 12(th)- 18(th) century was analyzed by rneans of electron probe microanalysis. Most samples are archaeological finds deriving from non-figurative windows in secular buildings. However. the analyzed set also contains glass sampled from still existing non-figurative windows in secular buildings and stained-glass windows in religious buildings. A sudden compositional change at the end of the 14(th) century can be noticed among the series of glass compositions that were obtained. These changes could be related to the use of different glassmaker recipes and to the introduction of new raw materials for glass making. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.241
Times cited: 50
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAB.2007.03.006
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“Lead soaps in paintings : friends or foes?”.Cotte M, Checroun E, De Nolf W, Taniguchi Y, De Viguerie L, Burghammer M, Walter P, Rivard C, Salome M, Janssens K, Susini J, Studies in conservation 62, 2 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1080/00393630.2016.1232529
Abstract: The origin(s) and role(s) of metal soaps in paints are a worldwide concern today. These hybrid compounds, containing both fatty acid chains and metals associated with a carboxylate function, are increasingly identified in paints. As reviewed in the first part of this work, the presence of metal soaps in paints is differently interpreted in scientific publications: metal soaps are sometimes considered to play a positive role as anchor points, during paint drying processes; they can also be considered as responsible for many degradation processes (protrusions, efflorescences, darkening, etc.). Their origins are also interpreted in various ways. In some paintings (in particular from the twentieth century), they have sometimes introduced on purpose, as additives, to modify the physical properties of the painting materials. In older paintings, metal soaps are usually thought to result from an uncontrolled reaction of oil with lead-based pigments, in particular lead white, red lead, and lead tin yellow. In the second part of this work, the review of historical recipes of lead-based paint shows an important number of recipes based on controlled mixing of oil with lead driers. In the third part, the experimental reproduction of such traditional recipes using walnut oil and litharge (PbO) shows that lead soaps can be formed, both in about one hour at approximate to 100 degrees C, or in about one month at room temperature. It shows as well that after a few years, litharge is no longer detected in the paint medium, while different lead carbonates are. Finally, the micro-infrared spectroscopy and micro-X-ray diffraction re-analysis of protrusions from a nine-year model painting shows together with lead soaps, the presence of Pb-5(CO3)(3)(OH)(2)O ('synthetic plumbonacrite'), an unusual phase recently observed in a protrusion from a painting by Vincent Van Gogh. This work highlights (i) the multiple origins and roles of metal soaps in paints and (ii) the importance of combining the analysis of fragments from historical paintings with the analysis and reproduction of historical recipes. In particular, we show that the components detected today in historical paintings may severely differ from those originally used or prepared by the painter, complicating the assessment of the painter's intentions. More than the presence of metal soaps, the key questions to be tackled should be about their origins and (re)mobilization.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Art; History; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 0.578
Times cited: 26
DOI: 10.1080/00393630.2016.1232529
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“Associations between ambient, personal, and indoor exposure to fine particulate matter constituents in Dutch and Finnish panels of cardiovascular patients”. Janssen NAH, Lanki T, Hoek G, Vallius M, de Hartog JJ, Van Grieken R, Pekkanen J, Brunekreef B, Occupational and environmental medicine 62, 868 (2005). http://doi.org/10.1136/OEM.2004.016618
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1136/OEM.2004.016618
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“Comparison of sediment pollution in the rivers of the Hungarian Upper Tisza Region using non-destructive analytical techniques”. Osán J, Török S, Alföldy B, Alsecz A, Falkenberg G, Baik SY, Van Grieken R, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 62, 123 (2007). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAB.2007.02.005
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAB.2007.02.005
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“X-ray spectrometry”. Markowicz AA, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry 62, 101r (1990). http://doi.org/10.1021/AC00211A001
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/AC00211A001
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“mu-X-ray fluorescence and mu-X-ray diffraction investigations of sediment from the Ruprechtov nuclear waste disposal natural analog site”. Denecke MA, de Nolf W, Janssens K, Brendebach B, Falkenberg G, Noseck U, Rothkirch A, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 63, 484 (2008). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAB.2008.01.001
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.241
Times cited: 7
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAB.2008.01.001
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“Characterization of indoor and outdoor atmospheric pollutants impacting architectural monuments : the case of San Jerónimo Monastery (Granada, Spain)”. Kontozova-Deutsch V, Cardell carolina, Urosevic M, Ruiz-Agudo E, Deutsch F, Van Grieken R, Environmental earth sciences 63, 1433 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1007/S12665-010-0657-5
Abstract: Indoor and outdoor concentrations of atmospheric gaseous pollutants as well as composition, size, and morphology of particulate matter have been investigated at the monastery of San Jerónimo in Granada (Southern Spain). Complementary micro- and nano-analytical techniques were applied; elemental and mineralogical composition and morphological characteristics of particulate matter were investigated combining electron probe microanalysis at the single particle level, and bulk aerosol samples were analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Microclimatic conditions at the monastery were monitored, and gas concentrations were assessed by means of diffusion tubes subsequently analyzed with ion chromatography. Results revealed high abundances of soil dust particles (aluminosilicates, calcite, dolomite, quartz), salt aerosols (chlorides, sulfates and ammonium-rich salts), and NO2 and SO2 both outdoors and indoors. Amorphous black carbon particles had surprisingly high abundances for Granada, a non-industrialized city. The composition of indoor particles corresponds to severe weathering affecting the construction materials and artworks inside the church; moreover their composition promotes a feedback process that intensifies the deterioration. Chemical reactions between chloride-rich salts and pigments from paintings were confirmed by TEM analyses. Indoors, blackening of surface decorative materials is fostered by particle re-suspension due to cleaning habits in the monastery (i.e. dusting). This is the first air quality study performed in a monument in the city of Granada with the aim of developing a strategy for preventive conservation.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/S12665-010-0657-5
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“Editorial”. van Grieken R, Bogaerts A, Janssens K, Spectrochimica acta: part A: molecular spectroscopy 64, 1089 (2006). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2006.05.011
Keywords: Editorial; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 2.536
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2006.05.011
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“Enamels in stained glass windows: preparation, chemical composition, microstructure and causes of deterioration”. Schalm O, van der Linden V, Frederickx P, Luyten S, van der Snickt G, Caen J, Schryvers D, Janssens K, Cornelis E, van Dyck D, Schreiner M, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 64, 812 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2009.06.005
Abstract: Stained glass windows incorporating dark blue and purple enamel paint layers are in some cases subject to severe degradation while others from the same period survived the ravages of time. A series of dark blue, greenblue and purple enamel glass paints from the same region (Northwestern Europe) and from the same period (16early 20th centuries) has been studied by means of a combination of microscopic X-ray fluorescence analysis, electron probe micro analysis and transmission electron microscopy with the aim of better understanding the causes of the degradation. The chemical composition of the enamels diverges from the average chemical composition of window glass. Some of the compositions appear to be unstable, for example those with a high concentration of K2O and a low content of CaO and PbO. In other cases, the deterioration of the paint layers was caused by the less than optimal vitrification of the enamel during the firing process. Recipes and chemical compositions indicate that glassmakers of the 1617th century had full control over the color of the enamel glass paints they made. They mainly used three types of coloring agents, based on Co (dark blue), Mn (purple) and Cu (light-blue or greenblue) as coloring elements. Bluepurple enamel paints were obtained by mixing two different coloring agents. The coloring agent for redpurple enamel, introduced during the 19th century, was colloidal gold embedded in grains of lead glass.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Vision lab
Impact Factor: 3.241
Times cited: 28
DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2009.06.005
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“Systematic errors in 14-MeV neutron activation analysis for oxygen : part 1 : neutron and γ-ray attenuation effects”. Vandecasteele C, van Grieken R, Gijbels R, Speecke A, Analytica chimica acta 64, 187 (1973). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)82436-3
Abstract: A detailed account is given of neutron and γ-ray attenuation effects in 14-MeV neutron activation analysis of oxygen. Appropriate neutron cross-section values have been determined in two different ways and compared with literature values. It appears that the attenuation process is best described in terms of nonelastic scattering cross-sections. It is also shown that the narrow beam total γ-ray attenuation coefficients at 6 MeV, given in the literature are suitable for correction purposes if 16N γ-rays are counted with a window of 4.56.5 MeV. Attention was paid to the contribution of β-rays when the 16N activity is counted in this energy interval with a NaI(Tl) detector.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 4.513
Times cited: 11
DOI: 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)82436-3
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“Oxidation states of uranium in DU particles from Kosovo”. Salbu B, Janssens K, Lind OC, Proost K, Danesi PR, Journal of environmental radioactivity 64, 167 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X(02)00047-4
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 2.31
DOI: 10.1016/S0265-931X(02)00047-4
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“Possibilities and limitations of synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction with double crystal and double multilayer monochromators for microscopic speciation studies”. de Nolf W, Jaroszewicz J, Terzano R, Lind OC, Salbu B, Vekemans B, Janssens K, Falkenberg G, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 64, 775 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAB.2009.06.003
Abstract: The performance of a combined microbeam X-ray fluorescence/X-ray powder diffraction (XRF/XRPD) measurement station at Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor (HASYLAB) Beamline L is discussed in comparison to that at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) ID18F/ID22. The angular resolution in the X-ray diffractograms is documented when different combinations of X-ray source, optics and X-ray diffraction detectors are employed. Typical angular resolution values in the range 0.30.5° are obtained at the bending magnet source when a pink beam form of excitation is employed. A similar setup at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility beamlines ID18F and ID22 allows to reach angular resolution values of 0.10.15°. In order to document the possibilities and limitations for speciation of metals in environmental materials by means of Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor Beamline L X-ray fluorescence/X-ray powder diffraction setup, two case studies are discussed, one involved in the identification of the crystal phases in which heavy metals such as chromium, iron, barium and lead are present in polluted soils of an industrial site (Val Basento, Italy) and another involved in the speciation of uranium in depleted uranium particles (Ceja Mountains, Kosovo). In the former case, the angular resolution is sufficient to allow identification of most crystalline phases present while in the latter case, it is necessary to dispose of an angular resolution of ca. 0.2° to distinguish between different forms of oxidized uranium.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.241
Times cited: 7
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAB.2009.06.003
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“Spatially resolved micro-X-ray fluorescence and micro-X-ray absorption fine structure study of a fractured granite bore core following a radiotracer experiment”. Denecke MA, Brendebach B, de Nolf W, Falkenberg G, Janssens K, Simon R, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 64, 791 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAB.2009.05.025
Abstract: Spatially resolved X-ray absorption and fluorescence investigation with a micrometer-scale resolution on actinide-containing samples provide information necessary for safety assessment of nuclear waste disposal. In this paper one example of such an experiment is presented. This example entails neptunium speciation in a fractured granite bore core from the Swedish Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory following a radiotracer experiment using µ-XAFS and µ-XRF. In order to probe micro-volumes below the surface in the granite samples and thereby avoid potential changes in the Np speciation during cutting of the bore core, a confocal irradiationdetection geometry is employed. µ-XAFS results for a selected granite bore core cross section with ~ 3 nmol Np/g reveal that Np, originally introduced as Np(V) in the tracer cocktail, is present in the granite in its reduced Np(IV) form. The Np(IV) is often present as particles, tens of µm in size. Elemental distribution maps show the tracer Np to be located in fissures and permeable channels not larger than 100 µm. The Np distribution appears often correlated with Zn also present in some fissures. We observe small granite fissures containing Fe (presumably Fe(II)), where we do not detect any Np. It is feasible that inflowing Np(V) has a shorter residence time in large fractures, while in the smaller fissures migration is slower, leading to longer residence times, i.e., reaction times, where it is reduced to less soluble Np(IV) and becomes thereby immobilized.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.241
Times cited: 21
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAB.2009.05.025
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“The hidden youth of Dirck Jacobsz leeuw : a portrait by Govert Flinck revealed”. Van Hommes ME, Lambour R, Du Mortier BM, De Winkel M, Tauber G, Alfeld M, Janssens K, Dik J, The Rijksmuseum bulletin 64, 4 (2016)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Determination of fluorine in uranium oxyfluoride particles as an indicator of particle age”. Kips R, Pidduck AJ, Houlton MR, Leenaers A, Mace JD, Marie O, Pointurier F, Stefaniak EA, Taylor PDP, van den Berghe S, van Espen P, Van Grieken R, Wellum R, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 64, 199 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAB.2008.12.001
Abstract: As swipe samples from enrichment activities typically contain uranium particles with a detectable amount of fluorine, the question was raised whether the analysis of fluorine in particles could complement the information on the uranium isotope ratios. For this, uranium oxyfluoride particles were prepared from the controlled hydrolysis of uranium hexafluoride (UF6). The relative amount of fluorine was characterized by scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX), as well as ion-microprobe secondary ion mass spectrometry (IM-SIMS). Of particular interest was the assessment of the reduction of the amount of fluorine over time, and after exposure to UV-light and high temperatures. Micro-Raman spectrometry (MRS) was applied to look for differences in molecular structure between these various sample types. Both SEM-EDX and IM-SIMS showed a general reduction of the fluorine-to-uranium ratio after 12 years of storage. The exposure to UV-light and high temperatures was found to have accelerated the loss of fluorine. A distinct peak at 865 cm− 1 Raman shift was detected for the majority of particles analyzed by MRS. For the particles that were heat-treated, the Raman spectra were similar to the spectrum of U3O8. Although often large variations were observed between particles from the same sample, the three particle measurement techniques (IM-SIMS, SEM-EDX and MRS) showed some consistent trends. They therefore appear promising in terms of the ability to place bounds on particle age, as well as shedding light on the complex processes involved in UO2F2 particle ageing.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAB.2008.12.001
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“Localization of aluminum in tissues”. Verbueken AH, van de Vijver FL, Nouwen EJ, Van Grieken RE, de Broe ME, Contributions to nephrology 64, 124 (1988)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
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“X-ray spectrometry”. Török SB, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry 64r, 180 (1992)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Systematic errors in 14-MeV neutron activation analysis for oxygen : part 2 : a general standardization method for the determination of oxygen”. Vandecasteele C, van Grieken R, Gijbels R, Speecke A, Analytica chimica acta 65, 1 (1973). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)80158-6
Abstract: A general standardization method is described for the determination of oxygen in solid samples via the 16O(n,p)16N reaction. Two systems of flux monitoring are considered: the sample versus standard comparator method and BF3 monitoring. The average flux in sample and standard, fast neutron shielding, fast neutron scattering, absorption of fast neutrons, absorption of 16N γ-rays and counting efficiency of sample and standard are considered. The influence of the target diameter on the obtained correction factors has also been studied. Total achievable accuracy is believed to be about 1%.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 4.513
Times cited: 12
DOI: 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)80158-6
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“Mitigation strategies for radiation damage in the analysis of ancient materials”. Bertrand L, Schoeeder S, Anglos D, Breese MBH, Janssens K, Moini M, Simon A, Trends in analytical chemistry 66, 128 (2015). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.TRAC.2014.10.005
Abstract: The study of materials in cultural heritage artifacts and micro-samples benefits from diagnostic techniques based on intense radiation sources, such as synchrotrons, ion-beam accelerators and lasers. While most of the corresponding techniques are classified as non-destructive, investigation with photons or charged particles entails a number of fundamental processes that may induce changes in materials. These changes depend on irradiation parameters, properties of materials and environmental factors. In some cases, radiation-induced damage may be detected by visual inspection. When it is not, irradiation may still lead to atomic and molecular changes resulting in immediate or delayed alteration and bias of future analyses. Here we review the effects of radiation reported on a variety of cultural heritage materials and describe the usual practice for assessing short-term and long-term effects. This review aims to raise awareness and encourage subsequent research activities to limit radiation side effects.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 8.442
Times cited: 35
DOI: 10.1016/J.TRAC.2014.10.005
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“Infiltration or indoor sources as determinants of the elemental composition of particulate matter inside a school in Wroclaw, Poland?”.Zwozdziak A, Sowka I, Krupińska B, Zwozdziak J, Nych A, Building and environment 66, 173 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.BUILDENV.2013.04.023
Abstract: Children's exposure to air pollution requires a focus on air quality in places where they spend most time, e.g. in schools. Therefore, understanding how indoor elemental concentrations relate the outdoor ones is necessary to create healthy indoor school environment. The aims of this study were to examine the elemental composition of particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM10) in the school and also to investigate to what degree indoor elemental concentrations are affected by outdoor air or generated inside the school. The measurements were performed inside and outside the public school building in the centre of the city. It was observed that concentrations of most elements were higher at school than outside. The dominant elements in PM1 both indoors and outdoors were S, Cl, K, and Zn. PM2.5 and PM10 fractions inside the school were clearly enriched in elements of mineral origin, additionally S, Zn, K and Cl were also present in high concentrations both indoors and outdoors. Results suggested that a significant contribution to indoor Zn, Pb and S concentrations in the PM2.5 fraction was from penetration of outdoor air. 88%, 80% and 90% of the observed total variations in indoor concentrations of Zn, Pb, and S were explained by the linear relationship between indoor and outdoor concentrations. The lack of correlation between indoor and outdoor concentrations obtained for Si, Ca, Ti, Sr indicated that these metals were more likely to originate from indoor sources. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.BUILDENV.2013.04.023
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“Nomenclature for radioanalytical chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)”. Van Grieken R, de Bruin M, Pure and applied chemistry 66, 2513 (1994). http://doi.org/10.1351/PAC199466122513
Abstract: Nearly 200 terms commonly used in radioanalytical chemistry are unambiguously defined. The list is partially based on an earlier IUPAC-glossary (Pure Appl. Chem. 54 (1982) 1533-1554), but some modifications have been made, terms related to nuclear physics and technology have not been reconsidered and numerous new entries from the realm of radiometric analysis, radioimmunoassay and related techniques have been included.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1351/PAC199466122513
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“Echt of namaak? Venetiaans glas uit het oude Antwerpen”. de Raedt I, Janssens K, Veeckman J, De wetenschappelijke bibliotheek 67, 58 (1999)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Analytical capabilities of laboratory, benchtop and handheld X-ray fluorescence systems for detection of metals in aqueous samples pre-concentrated with solid-phase extraction disks”. Margui E, Hidalgo M, Queralt I, van Meel K, Fontas C, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 67, 17 (2012). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAB.2011.12.004
Abstract: We aimed to achieve improved instrumental sensitivity and detection limits for the analysis of several elements (Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and Cd) in aqueous samples with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF). The metals were pre-concentrated from aqueous solutions using commercially available organic-based solid-phase extraction (SPE) disks functionalized with iminodiacetate groups. These thin-layer organic materials provide an ideal support for XRF analysis. The elements were collected on the SPE extraction disks using a simple filtration procedure (starting with 1 L of aqueous sample) that allows direct XRF measurements to be performed in the field (in situ). We evaluated the analytical possibilities and drawbacks of using this pre-concentration procedure in combination with the following XRF configurations: a handheld unit, a benchtop EDXRF system and a high-energy polarized-beam EDXRF instrument (HE-P-EDXRF). Using the HE-P-EDXRF system, the detection limits for all metals were more than one order of magnitude lower than those attained using handheld and benchtop EDXRF instrumentation. For the detection of metal concentrations higher than similar to 20 mu g/L, however, handheld or benchtop systems remain a very good option due to their extreme simplicity of operation and low-cost, compact design. We demonstrate the application of these methodologies, using the three equipment systems, to the analysis of trace concentrations of metals in different types of aqueous samples, including tap water and waste water. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAB.2011.12.004
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