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“Molecular ion distributions in laser microprobe mass-spectrometry of calcium-oxide and calcium salts”. Bruynseels FJ, Van Grieken RE, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 38, 853 (1983). http://doi.org/10.1016/0584-8547(83)80184-0
Abstract: Laser Microprobe Mass Spectrometry (LAMMA) is used to examine micrometric particles of calcium oxyanion salts (CaCO3, CaSO4, CaSO4·2H2O) and calcium oxide, in both the positive and negative ion mode. The major molecular ions, appearing in the positive mass spectrum, can be divided into three series, namely CamOm-1+, (CaO)m+ and (CaO)mH+ (m = 1-4). In the case of the former two series the relative intensities of the mass peaks as a function of the fragment valence K = (1 + 2n)/m, for CamOn+, can be fitted to a Gaussian distribution curve, as was earlier demonstrated for secondary ion mass spectrometry. The high stability of the (CaO)mH+ series can be explained by the favourable fragment valence of +2 corresponding to the usual oxidation state of calcium.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0584-8547(83)80184-0
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“FT-IR characterization of tin dioxide gas sensor materials under working conditions”. Lenaerts S, Roggen J, Maes G, Spectrochimica acta: part A: molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy 51, 883 (1995). http://doi.org/10.1016/0584-8539(94)01216-4
Abstract: In this work self-supporting tin dioxide disks are characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy in the presence of a reducing gas in air, and in different O2/N2 mixtures at temperatures varying from room temperature up to 450°C. Every factor inducing a change in the oxygen content of the gas atmosphere above the tin dioxide, as for instance a temperature change, a surface reaction or adsorption of another species, induces a broad, intense IR absorption band with discrete weak bands superimposed on it. This broad absorption is assigned to the electronic transition from a native donor level, the oxygen vacancy in the bulk of the domain, to the conduction band of the tin dioxide material. For the interpretation of the narrow, superimposed absorptions, two hypotheses remain. The results demonstrate that FT-IR spectroscopy is an extremely suitable technique for the characterization of semiconducting metal oxide sensors, since it allows to follow in situ the processes in the bulk, at the surface and in the surrounding gas atmosphere of the sensor material at working temperature as well as in the presence of reducing gases in air.
Keywords: A1 Journal article
DOI: 10.1016/0584-8539(94)01216-4
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“Determination of protein-bound copper and zinc in some organs of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis L”. Decleir W, Vlaeminck A, Geladi P, Van Grieken R, Comparative biochemistry and physiology : B : biochemistry and molecular biology 60, 347 (1978). http://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(78)90057-3
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(78)90057-3
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“Geochemical characterization of recent sediments in the Baltic Sea by bulk and electron microprobe analysis”. Belmans F, Van Grieken R, Brügmann L, Marine chemistry 42, 223 (1993). http://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(93)90014-F
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0304-4203(93)90014-F
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“Geochemistry of suspended matter from the Baltic Sea: 2: results of bulk trace metal analysis by AAS”. Brügmann L, Bernard PC, Van Grieken R, Marine chemistry 38, 303 (1992). http://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(92)90039-D
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0304-4203(92)90039-D
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“Geochemistry of suspended matter from the baltic sea : 1 : results of individual particle characterization by automated electron microprobe”. Bernard PC, Van Grieken RE, Brügmann L, Marine chemistry 26, 155 (1989). http://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(89)90058-3
Abstract: Automated electron probe X-ray microanalysis was used to characterize some 15 000 individual suspension particles from 50 samples of suspended matter collected from different depths at 18 stations throughout the Baltic Sea and the transient area to the North Sea. For each particle, 14 minor and major elements were determined and size information data were obtained. To process this huge amount of results, multivariate analysis techniques were invoked: the particles were classified into specific types and the abundance variations of these groups were studied. It appeared that 80% of all investigated particles contained mostly silicon, and seemed to consist of quartz, and K-rich and Fe-rich aluminosilicates. The abundance of BaSO4 particles averaged 5% throughout the Baltic Sea, but amounted to up to 44% at some stations. The abundance of the Fe-rich particles varied significantly with location and depth, and averaged ∼ 4%. They were often found to be associated with significant amounts of P. Both of these particle types and the Mn-rich particles are thought to be mainly authigenic. Calcium carbonate particles are more abundant towards the North Sea (which seems to act as a source). Principal component analysis of the data revealed that most of the compositional variability can be explained by differences between deep and surface waters and by the influences of inflowing North Sea waters. Additional information about the types and sources of the suspended matter in the Baltic Sea was gained from the comparison and correlation of the single particle results with different fractions of the bulk concentrations of elements such as Al, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn and Ba.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0304-4203(89)90058-3
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“Kinetics of iron(II) oxidation in seawater of various pH : reply”. Roekens EJ, Van Grieken RE, Marine chemistry 15, 281 (1984). http://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(84)90025-2
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0304-4203(84)90025-2
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“Kinetics of iron(II) oxidation in seawater of various pH”. Roekens EJ, Van Grieken RE, Marine chemistry 13, 195 (1983). http://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(83)90014-2
Abstract: The rate of iron(II) oxidation in North Sea water of pH 5.510 in the range 1025°C has been studied. The oxygenation rate depends linearly on the iron(II) and dissolved oxygen concentrations. The second-order dependence on [OH−], found by several investigators for synthetic solutions, was confirmed in seawater, but only for pOH > 6.9. For pOH < 5.9 the rate appeared to be independent of the pOH. In the intermediate range, pOH 5.96.9, corresponding to the natural pH of seawater, a first-order dependence on the pOH is obeyed. The important discrepancy in the literature between the second-order rate constant for NaCHO3 solutions and for seawater can be attributed predominantly to the incorrect assumption of a second-order pOH dependence in natural seawater. The results can be useful, for example, in predicting the effect of dumping acidic iron waste from the titanium-dioxide industry into the ocean.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0304-4203(83)90014-2
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“Sulphite and sulphate concentrations in weathering products of sandy limestone and in deposition samples”. Roekens E, Bleyen C, Van Grieken R, Environmental pollution 57, 289 (1989). http://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(89)90084-5
Abstract: The sulphite and sulphate concentrations in weathering products of limestone and in wet and total deposition samples were measured by the modified West-Gaeke method and by ion chromatography. The sulphite content in the weathering crust and in the runoff rainwater of two historical buildings in Belgium, was always much lower than the sulphate content. The maximum sulphite to sulphate ratio was 2·5%. The sulphite concentration in wet and total deposition samples was in the low or sub ppm range except during two misty periods when the sulphite concentration was 6·8 and 21 mg litre−1. In those samples a high sulphate concentration was also found (nl. 57 and 137 mg litre−1, respectively).
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0269-7491(89)90084-5
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“The development process of an expert system for the automated interpretation of large epma data sets”. Janssens K, Dorrine W, van Espen P, Chemometrics and intelligent laboratory systems 4, 147 (1988). http://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7439(88)80086-8
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
DOI: 10.1016/0169-7439(88)80086-8
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“PC-MCA : a software package for the acquisition and processing of spectral data”. Janssens K, Nobels J, van Espen P, Chemometrics and intelligent laboratory systems 3, 335 (1988). http://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7439(88)80033-9
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
DOI: 10.1016/0169-7439(88)80033-9
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“AXIL-PC, software for the analysis of complex-x-ray spectra”. van Espen P, Janssens K, Nobels J, Chemometrics and intelligent laboratory systems 1, 109 (1986). http://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7439(86)80031-4
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
DOI: 10.1016/0169-7439(86)80031-4
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“Prediction of the optical characteristics and analytical qualities of an X-ray fluorescence microprobe at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (Grenoble)”. van Langevelde F, Janssens KH, Adams FC, Vis RD, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research : A: accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment 317, 383 (1992). http://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(92)90632-E
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0168-9002(92)90632-E
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“Accurate evaluation of \mu-PIXE and \mu-XRF spectral data through iterative least squares fitting”. Janssens K, Vekemans B, Adams F, van Espen P, Mutsaers P, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B: beam interactions with materials and atoms
T2 –, 7th International Conference on Particle Induced X-ray Emission and Its Analytical Applications, MAY 26-30, 1995, Abano Terme, Italy 109, 179 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1016/0168-583X(95)01211-7
Abstract: The integration of the nonlinear least squares X-ray spectrum evaluation progam AXIL. into a mu-PIXE and a mu-XRF setup is discussed. The use of the software when procesing data sets derived from biological and geological samples is described.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
DOI: 10.1016/0168-583X(95)01211-7
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“Recombination reactions and geometry effects in laser microprobe mass analysis studied with 12C/13C bilayers”. Bruynseels F, Van Grieken R, International journal of mass spectrometry and ion processes 74, 161 (1986). http://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(86)85003-0
Abstract: Bilayers of carbon, consisting of a layer of natural carbon and a second layer highly enriched in 13C, were investigated with the LAMMA 500-® instrument. When such a bilayer is perforated by the laser beam, comparable amounts of 12C and 13C are evaporated and partly ionized so that geometry effects and recombination reactions during laser-induced ionization can straightforwardly be studied.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(86)85003-0
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“Influence of spark generator parameters in the analysis of graphite-electrodes by spark source-mass spectrometry”. Vos L, Van Grieken R, International journal of mass spectrometry and ion processes 55, 233 (1984). http://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(84)87087-1
Abstract: Spark source mass spectrometric analyses of doped carbon samples were performed at different pulse lengths, pulse frequencies and breakdown voltages. The pulse length and pulse frequencies had no influence on the analysis. The relation between breakdown voltage, spark gap and sample matrix was determined. With increasing breakdown voltage, the abundance of the multiply charged ions was found to decrease, whereas the abundance of the cluster ions increased. The breakdown voltage was also found to affect the absolute and relative intensities of different elements in different manners. Interpretation of these results led to some new considerations on the phenomena in a spark discharge.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(84)87087-1
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“Influence of ion-source geometry in spark source-mass spectrometric analysis”. Vos L, Van Grieken R, International journal of mass spectrometry and ion processes 59, 221 (1984). http://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(84)85098-3
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(84)85098-3
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“Present and future applications of beam techniques in environmental microanalysis”. Jambers W, Van Grieken R, Trends in analytical chemistry 15, 114 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1016/0165-9936(95)00098-4
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0165-9936(95)00098-4
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“A general-purpose interface between fortran and the low-level functions of the ibm-pc”. Janssens K, van Espen P, Trends in analytical chemistry 7, 128 (1988). http://doi.org/10.1016/0165-9936(88)87009-2
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
DOI: 10.1016/0165-9936(88)87009-2
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“Elemental constituents of atmospheric aerosols in Recife, North-East Brazil”. Van Grieken R, Van 't dack L, Costa Dantas C, Moura de Amorim W, Maenhaut W, Environmental pollution: series B : chemical and physical 4, 143 (1982). http://doi.org/10.1016/0143-148X(82)90025-8
Abstract: Few data are available on the inorganic atmospheric pollution in the rapidly expanding cities of South America, like Recife, on the Atlantic Coast of North-east Brazil. Therefore, the elemental composition of atmospheric aerosols was investigated for nine sites in the Recife conurbation and a fairly remote site in the area. Total aerosol samples were collected on cellulose filters for analysis by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and cascade impactors were used to collect the aerosols as a function of particle size for subsequent analysis by proton-induced X-ray emission. Local soil aliquots were also analysed. About eighteen elements were quantified in all cases. The average total atmospheric concentrations appeared to be well above natural levels but usually lower than, or comparable with, those of North American and European cities. Dispersal of sea spray and of local soil (often contaminated with, for example, Cu, Zn and Pb from industrial sources) contributes predominantly to the total atmospheric load in Recife. However, the particle size fraction results also indicated strong excesses in the small particle mode for S, K, V, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br and Pb, mainly in the downtown area. Again, the corresponding enrichment factors were only moderate in comparison with other published urban data.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0143-148X(82)90025-8
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“Effects of alkaline aluminate waste dumping on seawater chemistry”. Vandelannoote R, Van 't dack L, Van Grieken R, Marine environmental research 21, 275 (1987). http://doi.org/10.1016/0141-1136(87)90050-X
Abstract: The alkaline aluminate waste, of which 10002000 tonnes are dumped a few times a year off the Belgian coast in the Southern Bight of the North Sea, contains 5·4% NaCl, 1·8% dissolved Al and 7·4% NaOH, in addition to traces of heavy metals and some aniline- and phenol-derivatives. The pH rises locally to 8-5 and the total Al-concentration reaches 120niglitre−1(corresponding to an initial waste dilution factor of only 150) in the 10-m wide track just beyond the discharging barge, but these decay quickly to pH 8·1 and 1 mg litre-1 in the 30-m wide track, 500m behind the barge. The relation between the waste concentration and seawater pH was studied. The white precipitate that forms immediately in the sea was identified as Mg6Al2CO3(OH)164H20 (hydrotalcite-manasseite like). No trace of it was found in the local sediments.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0141-1136(87)90050-X
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“Dispersal of suspended matter in Makasar Strait and the Flores Basin”. Eisma D, Kalf J, Karmini M, Mook WG, Van Put A, Bernard P, Van Grieken R, Netherlands journal of sea research 24, 383 (1989). http://doi.org/10.1016/0077-7579(89)90116-6
Abstract: In November 1984 in Makasar and the Flores Basin water samples were collected (T, S, dissolved O2, total CO2), bottom samples (sediment composition) and suspended matter (particle composition, particle size). A sediment trap was moored in the Flores Basin at 4600 m depth for nearly four months, covering the dry season. In the Flores Basin there are indications for bottom flow resuspending bottom material or preventing suspended material from settling; in Makasar Strait there is probably inflow of deep water both from the south and from the north, resulting in a very slow bottom water flor. Bottom deposits in Makasar Strait and the Flores Basin are predominantly terrigenous, with an admixture of organic carbonate and silica (mostly coccoliths). Volcanic material is primarily present near to the volcanoes in the south and reaches the deeper basins by slumping. In the suspended matter no volcanic particles and little planktonic material were found, although the latter form 10 to 15% of the top sediment and of the material deposited in the sediment trap. In suspension particles with a large concentration of tin (Sn) were found associated mainly with iron. They probably come from northern Kalimantan or northern Sulawesi. Suspended matter concentrations were mainly less than 0.5 mg·dm−3, only off the Mahakam river mouth were concentrations higher than 1 mg·dm−3. Particle size was erratic because of the variable composition of the coarser particles in suspension. Organic matter concentrations in suspension (in mg·dm−3) roughly follow the distribution of total suspended matter but organic content (in %) of the suspended matter does not show any trends. All organic matter in suspension is of marine origin except in the Mahakam river and estuary. Deposition rates, as estimated from the sediment trap results, are 150 mg·cm−2·a−1 for the total sediment, 26 mg·cm−2·a−1 for carbonate and 13 mg·cm−2·a−1 for organic matter. Flocs and fibres in suspension were only found in and below the Mahakam river plume that reaches ca 400 km from the river mouth to the southeast, and in surface waters associated with plankton (diatoms). The formation of these flocs (broken-up macroflocs or marine snow) is primarily related to particle concentration, turbulence, and the presence of organisms that produce sticky material or glue particles together.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0077-7579(89)90116-6
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“Trace element composition of Zaire suspended sediments”. Martin J-M, Thomas AJ, Van Grieken RE, Netherlands journal of sea research 12, 414 (1978). http://doi.org/10.1016/0077-7579(78)90043-1
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0077-7579(78)90043-1
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“The major-element composition of suspended matter in the Zaire river and estuary”. Sholkovitz ER, Van Grieken R, Eisma D, Netherlands journal of sea research 12, 407 (1978). http://doi.org/10.1016/0077-7579(78)90042-X
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0077-7579(78)90042-X
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“Suspended matter in run-off water from limestone exposure setups”. Vleugels G, Van Grieken R, The science of the total environment 170, 125 (1995). http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(95)04611-4
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(95)04611-4
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“Weathering of Leinster granite under ambient atmospheric conditions”. Sweevers E, Peeters A, Van Grieken R, The science of the total environment 167, 73 (1995). http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(95)04571-H
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(95)04571-H
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“The elemental chemistry of sediments in the Nainital lake, Kumaun Himalaya, India”. Das BK, Singh M, Van Grieken R, The science of the total environment 168, 85 (1995). http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(95)04242-S
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(95)04242-S
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“Surface composition alteration of bare and treated limestones after ambient exposure”. Vleugels G, Fobe B, Dewolfs R, Van Grieken R, The science of the total environment 151, 59 (1994). http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(94)90486-3
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(94)90486-3
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“Elemental concentrations and heavy metal pollution in sediments and suspended matter from the Belgian North Sea and the Scheldt estuary”. van Alsenoy V, Bernard P, Van Grieken R, The science of the total environment 133, 153 (1993). http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(93)90119-Q
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(93)90119-Q
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“Composition and sources of atmospheric particulate matter at Kayseri, Central Turkey”. Kartal S, Dogan M, Rojas CM, Van Grieken R, The science of the total environment 133, 83 (1993). http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(93)90114-L
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(93)90114-L
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