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“Elemental concentrations and heavy metal pollution in sediments and suspended matter from the Belgian North Sea and the Scheldt estuary”. van Alsenoy V, Bernard P, Van Grieken R, The science of the total environment 133, 153 (1993). http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(93)90119-Q
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(93)90119-Q
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“Composition and sources of atmospheric particulate matter at Kayseri, Central Turkey”. Kartal S, Dogan M, Rojas CM, Van Grieken R, The science of the total environment 133, 83 (1993). http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(93)90114-L
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(93)90114-L
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“Size-differentiated composition of aerosols in Khartoum, Sudan”. Eltayeb MAH, van Espen PJ, Cafmeyer J, Van Grieken RE, Maenhaut W, The science of the total environment 120, 281 (1992). http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(92)90062-W
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(92)90062-W
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“The elemental composition of airborne particulate matter in the Atacama desert, Chile”. Rojas CM, Figueroa L, Janssens KH, Van Espen PE, Adams FC, Van Grieken RE, The science of the total environment 91, 251 (1990). http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(90)90302-B
Abstract: Air particulate samples were collected at Chapiquiña near Arica (Chile) with a six-stage cascade impactor for about 17-day periods during a 31 month interval. Sixteen elements were determined by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis, and the elemental concentrations were subjected to principal factor analysis. The variability with time of the coarse particles was described by two factors both related to soil dispersion, whereas the fine particle variations could be explained by a third factor related to marine influence. Enrichment factors were compared with those obtained in other remote continental areas, in particular those of air particulate matter sampled at Chacaltaya, Bolivia. Results point to a negligible anthropogenic influence.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(90)90302-B
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“Characterization of the weathering crust of various historical buildings in Belgium”. Leysen LA, Roekens EJ, Van Grieken RE, De Geyter G, The science of the total environment 90, 117 (1990). http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(90)90190-6
Abstract: A variety of samples, collected from different historical buildings and monuments throughout Belgium, were thoroughly studied, using several trace- and micro-analysis techniques. Thin sections of stones and mortar joints were characterized by means of electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPXMA). The morphological appearance of the surface weathering crust and the possible presence of non-innate particles in the crust were elucidated using petrographical and electron microscopy. Quantitative characterization of the total chemical composition of the crust surface layer and underlying layer was performed by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, and by ion chromatography and atomic absorption spectrometry for the leachable components. Special attention was also paid to the chemical composition of rain and air at the particular sampling sites. The element distribution in the transition zone between the weathering crust and the original stone material was found to vary greatly amongst the different samples analyzed. Detailed EPXMA measurements on pieces of the weathering crust showed remarkable differences in morphology and composition between the surface and the underlying layer, and provided information about the presence of fly-ash and soil dust particles in the crust. Except for crusts from the city of Brussels, which were all very high in sulphate, the samples appeared to contain very variable sulphate contents; very local micro-climate and environmental conditions at a particular site are more important in determining the weathering condition of the building stones than the local air pollution situation. Bulk analytical characterization further showed, in all the crust samples studied, a very small contribution of nitrogen- and chlorine-containing weathering products, in contrast to sulphur-containing weathering salts.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(90)90190-6
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“Lead particles in an urban atmosphere : an individual particle approach”. Van Borman W, Wouters L, Van Grieken R, Adams F, The science of the total environment 90, 55 (1990). http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(90)90185-W
Abstract: In air particulate matter, sampled at a suburban site near the city of Antwerp, Belgium, more than 1500 individual Pb-containing aerosol particles with projected diameters between 0.2 and 15 μm were analyzed by automated electron probe X-ray micro analysis (EPXMA) for 26 elements and morphological features. Laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) was used to detect elements with Z < 11, particularly ammonium compounds. The Pb-containing particles were classified into five main classes: Pb-sulfates, Pb-halides, soil related Pb, Pb associated with medium atomic number elements and Pb associated with high atomic number elements. Each class was divided into several distinct particle types, of which the abundance (in number and mass %), the mean projected particle diameter, and the chemical composition were determined. Auto exhaust products are responsible for Pb-sulfates and Pb-halides, making up respectively 66.7 and 27.8% by mass of the Pb-containing particles. Ammonium sulfate coatings were found to be present on nearly all Pb particles. The observations were correlated with daily concentrations of Pb and Br, obtained by particle induced X-ray emission analysis (PIXE).
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(90)90185-W
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“Endolithic cyanobacteria in Maastricht limestone”. Saiz-Jimenez C, Garcia-Rowe J, Garcia Del Cura MA, Ortega-Camvo JJ, Roekens E, Van Grieken R, The science of the total environment 94, 209 (1990). http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(90)90171-P
Abstract: The Maastricht limestone used for the construction of the 14th century O.L. Basilica in Tongeren, Belgium, is a light yellowish, porous, soft rock of the Late Cretaceous age. The limestone has a high carbonate content (> 95%); quartz and glauconite occur rarely. On the north side of the building, there is extensive growth of epilithic algae. On the south side, an assemblage of organisms was observed beneath the abiotic surface. This community, developed as a green layer 1 mm below the surface, is dominated by cyanobacteria. A moss was also present. The organisms were studied by transmitted light, phase contrast and scanning electron microscopy, and isolated in cultures. The cyanobacteria belong to the genera Synechococcus and Chroococcidiopsis, and the moss was identified as Tortula muralis Hedw. The organic matter present in the green layer was characterized in terms of molecular components using analytical pyrolysis. Pyrolysis products from polysaccharides and proteins, and evaporation/pyrolysis products from lipids, comprise the vast majority of identified compounds. The identification of specific biomarkers such as 7-methylheptadecane is further evidence of the presence of cyanobacteria. Phytenes and phytadienes are indicative of phototrophic organisms, as they are pyrolysis products from chlorophylls.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(90)90171-P
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“Iron, copper, zinc and lead in hair from Sudanese populations of different age groups”. Eltayeb MAH, Van Grieken RE, The science of the total environment 95, 157 (1990). http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(90)90061-X
Abstract: Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence was used for the analysis of hair samples from three different age groups of the Sudanese population. Hair samples were digested in a mixture of nitric and perchloric acids and the metals were then precipitated with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. The variations of the Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb content of hair with age were investigated. The averages of the elemental concentrations in each age group were compared with the other age groups and with literature values. The correlation of each pair of elements in the hair samples was also investigated.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(90)90061-X
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“Heavy metals in sediments of the Yamura River (a tributary of the Ganges), India”. Jha PK, Subramanian V, Sitasawad R, Van Grieken R, The science of the total environment 95, 7 (1990). http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(90)90049-Z
Abstract: Yamuna River sediments are more enriched in metals than those of the Ganges and average Indian river sediments. Variation of metals in suspended, bed and core sediment are due to the varying proportions of grain size and mineral content. Iron, Mn and Pb show a preference for the oxide fraction, whereas Cu and Zn are predominant in organic and carbonate fractions of sediments. Of the total elemental content, 80% Mn, 78% Fe, 69% Pb, 67% Cu and 55% Zn are available in chemically mobile phases of the sediments. The high partition coefficient of metals with respect to Mn suggests similar chemical mobility and preferences for solid phases. River sediments in the vicinity of Delhi show an increase in sorption of metals downstream, consequently metals are retained in sediments. The high correlation coefficient and significant regression relation among the metals indicate their similar behaviour during transport. At Allahabad, the contribution of the Yamuna to the Ganges is 3200 t Pb year−1, 12 100 t Zn year−1 and 8500 t Cu year−1 in particulate form.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(90)90049-Z
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“Air-pollution-induced chemical decay of a sandy-limestone cathedral in Belgium”. Leysen L, Roekens E, Van Grieken R, The science of the total environment 78, 263 (1989). http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(89)90038-7
Abstract: Different trace- and microanalytical techniques were used in an extensive study to elucidate the chemical deterioration process of the sandy-limestone St Rombouts Cathedral in Mechelen, Belgium. Samples of stones, mortar joints, slates, atmospheric aerosols and gases, total and wet deposition, and water that had run down the cathedral walls, were all thoroughly characterized. At the east side, usually not exposed to precipitation, a 3001000-μm thick outer crust of microcrystalline gypsum was observed, while at the west side, this surface layer was mostly eroded away due to precipitation. At the north and south sides, the crust contains varying amounts of gypsum and calcite. The gypsum is mostly present in a bar-shaped morphology and carbonaceous fly-ash particles were rarely found in the weathering crust. Local stone characteristics seem to be extremely important in relation to the gypsum content of the crust; black samples always have a much higher sulphate content than the corresponding white samples, irrespective of the predominant direction of orientation. The relative contribution of nitrogen- and chlorine-containing pollutants to the total decay process is much smaller than that of sulphur-containing pollutants. Deposition samples collected at the site of the cathedral mostly had a pH of > 5.6, due to the neutralization of the rainwater by alkaline atmospheric constituents. Runoff water and washdown water were enriched in all ions, especially Ca2+ and SO42−, indicating that, indeed, gypsum is the most important weathering product. The suspension in deposition samples and black-well leaching water was highly enriched in silicon-containing particles, while runoff water and white-wall leaching water contained a predominant calcium-rich suspension.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(89)90038-7
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“Selenium in environmental and drinking waters of Belgium”. Robberecht H, Van Grieken R, van Sprundel M, vanden Berghe D, Deelstra H, The science of the total environment 26, 163 (1983). http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(83)90109-2
Abstract: The tetravalent and hexavalent selenium content of water samples can be determined by conventional energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence after different preconcentration steps. Selenium values of nearly three-hundred different environmental and drinking water samples in Belgium are reported. The results are quite low, ranging from the detection limits up to 1 μg l−1. The concentration levels are compared to literature data and the speciation is discussed. The contribution of drinking water to the daily intake of selenium in Belgium ranges from less than 0.2 to 5%.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(83)90109-2
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“Metal pollution and selenium distributions in soils and grass near a non-ferrous plant”. Robberecht H, Deelstra H, vanden Berghe D, Van Grieken R, The science of the total environment 29, 229 (1983). http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(83)90093-1
Abstract: Multi-element analysis results of direct energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence of soil samples taken in the vicinity of a non-ferrous plant in Antwerp are reported. High concentrations of Pb, Cu, Zn, As and Se are found in nearby residential areas, especially in top-soil layers. Selenium pollution appears not to be leached significantly to lower soil horizons, but it is available for uptake by rye-grass, in which toxic levels are found. Results are compared to literature data. Hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry proved to be unsuitable for direct analysis of the heavily contaminated soils.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(83)90093-1
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“Selenium in the Belgian soils and its uptake by rye-grass”. Robberecht H, vanden Berghe D, Deelstra H, Van Grieken R, The science of the total environment 25, 61 (1982). http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(82)90042-0
Abstract: Data obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy showed a selenium concentration of only 0.11 ppm as an average value for the most representative agricultural soils in Belgium. The selenium content in rye-grass grown on different soil types was between 0.05 and 0.11 ppm, and positively correlated with the soil selenium level. Addition of selenium in the form of selenite to the different soil types resulted in an increased selenium uptake by the plant. The ultimate concentration in the plant depended on the structural and chemical composition of the soil. Twelve other elements were determined in the soils by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence; none showed a strong correlation with the soil selenium content or with the selenium uptake by ryegrass.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(82)90042-0
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“Defects in high-dose oxygen implanted silicon : a TEM study”. Deveirman A, van Landuyt J, Vanhellemont J, Maes HE, Yallup K, Vacuum: the international journal and abstracting service for vacuum science and technology
T2 –, 1ST SIOMX WORKSHOP ( SEPARATION BY IMPLANTATION OF OXYGEN ) ( SWI-88 ), NOV 07-08, 1988, UNIV SURREY, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND 42, 367 (1991). http://doi.org/10.1016/0042-207X(91)90055-N
Abstract: Results are discussed of a transmission electron microscopy study of high-dose oxygen implanted silicon. In addition to the general high temperature (> 1200-degrees-C) annealing treatments also annealings at 'low' temperatures (1000-1100-degrees-C) were performed in order to slow down the precipitate and defect reactions. The observed dissolution of the oxide precipitates during prolonged high temperature annealing is explained by critical radius considerations. Threading dislocations are the remaining lattice defects in the silicon overlayer and cannot be removed by further annealing. Low temperature annealing results in the formation and subsequent unfaulting of extrinsic stacking fault loops below the buried oxide layer.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.858
Times cited: 4
DOI: 10.1016/0042-207X(91)90055-N
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“Magneto-oscillations of the gate current in a laterally modulated two-dimensional electron gas”. Blom FAP, Peeters FM, van de Zanden K, van Hove M, Surface science : a journal devoted to the physics and chemistry of interfaces 361/362, 851 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(96)00549-3
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 1.925
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.1016/0039-6028(96)00549-3
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“Resonant bound bipolarons in a superlattice in a high magnetic field”. Shi JM, Peeters FM, Devreese JT, Surface science : a journal devoted to the physics and chemistry of interfaces 361/362, 397 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(96)00430-X
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Theory of quantum systems and complex systems
Impact Factor: 1.925
DOI: 10.1016/0039-6028(96)00430-X
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“Electrons in a periodic magnetic field”. Ibrahim IS, Peeters FM, Surface science : a journal devoted to the physics and chemistry of interfaces 361/362, 341 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(96)00417-7
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 1.925
Times cited: 3
DOI: 10.1016/0039-6028(96)00417-7
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“Resonant tunnelling through D- states”. Lok JGS, Geim AK, Maan JC, Marmorkos I, Peeters FM, Mori N, Eaves L, McDonnell P, Henini M, Sakai JW, Main PC;, Surface science : a journal devoted to the physics and chemistry of interfaces
T2 –, 11th International Conference on the Electronic Properties of 2-Dimensional Systems (EP2DS XI), August 07-11, 1995, Univ. Nottingham, Nottingham, England 362, 247 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(96)00395-0
Abstract: We have studied tunnelling through Si donors incorporated in the quantum well of double barrier resonant tunnelling devices. In addition to a resonance associated with the ground state of a single donor (1s level), a novel donor-related resonance at a smaller binding energy is observed in high magnetic fields where it becomes dominant over the Is resonance. We attribute this novel feature to a D-minus state of a shallow donor.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 1.925
DOI: 10.1016/0039-6028(96)00395-0
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“Stability and dynamical properties of a double-layer Wigner crystal in two dimensions”. Goldoni G, Schweigert V, Peeters FM, Surface science : a journal devoted to the physics and chemistry of interfaces 361/362, 163 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(96)00359-7
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 1.925
Times cited: 4
DOI: 10.1016/0039-6028(96)00359-7
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“EM, XPS and LEED study of deposition of Ag on hydrogenated Si substrate prepared by wet chemical treatments”. Zhang XB, Vasiliev AL, Van Tendeloo G, He Y, Yu L-M, Thiry PA, Surface science : a journal devoted to the physics and chemistry of interfaces 340, 317 (1995). http://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(95)00699-0
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.925
Times cited: 11
DOI: 10.1016/0039-6028(95)00699-0
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“Long period surface ordering of iodine ions in mixed tabular AgBr-AgBrI microcrystals”. Goessens C, Schryvers D, van Landuyt J, Amelinckx S, de Keyzer R, Surface science : a journal devoted to the physics and chemistry of interfaces 337, 153 (1995). http://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(95)00000-3
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.925
Times cited: 10
DOI: 10.1016/0039-6028(95)00000-3
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“Two-dimensional tunneling through magnetic barriers”. Matulis A, Peeters FM, Vasilopoulos P, Surface science : a journal devoted to the physics and chemistry of interfaces 305, 434 (1994). http://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(94)90931-8
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 1.925
Times cited: 2
DOI: 10.1016/0039-6028(94)90931-8
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“Coupled electron-hole transport: generalized random-phase approximation and density functional theory”. Tso HC, Vasilopoulos P, Peeters FM, Surface science : a journal devoted to the physics and chemistry of interfaces 305, 400 (1994). http://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(94)90925-3
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 1.925
Times cited: 5
DOI: 10.1016/0039-6028(94)90925-3
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“Disappearance of magnetophonon resonance at high magnetic fields in GaAs-GaAlAs heterojunctions”. Leadley DR, Nicholas RJ, Singleton J, Xu W, Peeters FM, Devreese JT, van Bockstal L, Herlach F, Perenboom JAAJ, Harris JJ, Foxon CT, Surface science : a journal devoted to the physics and chemistry of interfaces 305, 327 (1994). http://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(94)90910-5
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Theory of quantum systems and complex systems
Impact Factor: 1.925
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.1016/0039-6028(94)90910-5
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“Transition energies of D- centers in a superlattice”. Shi JM, Peeters FM, Devreese JT, Surface science : a journal devoted to the physics and chemistry of interfaces 305, 220 (1994). http://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(94)90888-5
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Theory of quantum systems and complex systems
Impact Factor: 1.925
Times cited: 6
DOI: 10.1016/0039-6028(94)90888-5
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“Resonant magnetopolaron coupling to both polar and neutral optical phonons in the layer compound InSe”. Peeters FM, Wu XG, Devreese JT, Watts M, Nicholas RJ, Howell DF, van Bockstal L, Herlach F, Langerak CJGM, Singleton J, Chevy A, Surface science 263, 654 (1992). http://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(92)90429-A
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Theory of quantum systems and complex systems
Impact Factor: 1.925
Times cited: 4
DOI: 10.1016/0039-6028(92)90429-A
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“Infrared-spectroscopy of subbands, minibands, and donors in GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices”. Helm M, Peeters FM, de Rosa F, Colas E, Harbison JP, Florez LT, Surface science : a journal devoted to the physics and chemistry of interfaces
T2 –, 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON THE ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL, SYSTEMS ( EP2DS-9 ) / 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON MODULATED SEMICONDUCTOR, STRUCTURES ( MSS-5 ), JUL 263, 518 (1992). http://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(92)90400-Z
Abstract: A far-infrared absorption study of electrons in lightly-doped GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As superlattices is presented. Both weakly and strongly coupled superlattices are investigated, and the difference between intersubband transitions and transitions between extended minibands is demonstrated. At low temperatures, the absorption spectra are dominated by donor transitions. The 1s-2p(z) transition, which is intimately related to the intersubband transition, is observed. All experimental data are compared to an envelope function calculation for the miniband structure and a variational calculation for the donor energies. Excellent agreement between experiment and theory is achieved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 1.925
Times cited: 5
DOI: 10.1016/0039-6028(92)90400-Z
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“Application of electron energy loss spectroscopy to aerosols”. Xhoffer C, Jacob W, Van Grieken R, Journal of aerosol science 20, 1617 (1989). http://doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(89)90901-4
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0021-8502(89)90901-4
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“Characterization of airborne particulate matter collected over the North Sea”. Rojas CM, Otten PM, Van Grieken RE, Journal of aerosol science 20, 1257 (1989). http://doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(89)90811-2
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0021-8502(89)90811-2
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“Penetration of atmospheric aerosols during collection in cellulose filters, studied by secondary ion mass spectrometry”. Rojas CM, Goossens D, Van Grieken R, Journal of aerosol science 20, 569 (1989). http://doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(89)90103-1
Abstract: The penetration of aerosol particles in a Whatman-41 cellulose filter has been studied via the depth profiles of different elements present in the aerosol. Depth profiles were obtained by analyzing both fine and coarse fractions from a dichotomous sampler by secondary ion mass spectrometry. The fine particles had an aerodynamic diameter dae of less than 2.5 μm, whereas the coarse fraction had 2.5 ≤ dae ≤ 15 μm. Elements such as Al, Si, Ca, Ti and Fe were associated with coarse airborne particles, while S, Cl, Zn, and Br were more abundant in the fine fraction. Results showed that particle size plays an important role in the distribution of particulate matter throughout the filter. SiTi-containing particles were mostly deposited near the surface of the filter, and their profiles can be estimated using a polynomial function, whereas the profile of AlCaFe-containing particles can be approached by an exponential decay function. Elements associated with fine fraction aerosols mainly originating from combustion processes, can penetrate up to about 25% of the total filter thickness, and their profiles are better represented by a diffusion function.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0021-8502(89)90103-1
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