“Automatic absorption correction in x-ray fluorescence analysis of intermediate thickness samples using a dual external reference signal”. Van Dyck P, Markowicz A, Van Grieken R, X-ray spectrometry 9, 70 (1980). http://doi.org/10.1002/XRS.1300090209
Abstract: A method has been investigated which allows calculations from the X-ray fluorescence spectra of the absorption coefficients at any energy for any sample, without any additional measurement. Use is made of the ratio of the characteristic X-ray signals from a Zr wire positioned in front of the sample and from a Pd foil placed behind the sample, both in a fixed geometry. From the experimentally measured absorption coefficient at the Pd L energy (2.9 keV), the coefficients for higher energies are calculated. By the use of an iterative computer routine in which corrections for the enhancement of the Pd foil by the sample are also included, an accuracy of 2% or better on the absorption coefficient determination can be reached for homogenous samples in one measurement. Grain-size and heterogeneity effects induce inaccuracies on the absorption coefficient determinations which might well reach 20% for particulate samples like intermediate thickness deposits of geological materials. This approach thus has the same limitations as the classical transmission method for such heterogeneous samples.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/XRS.1300090209
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“Radiometric diameter concept and exact intensities for spherical particles in x-ray fluorescence analysis”. Markowicz A, Van Dyck P, Van Grieken R, X-ray spectrometry 9, 52 (1980). http://doi.org/10.1002/XRS.1300090205
Abstract: In X-ray fluorescence analysis the concept of radiometric diameter, d, is often introduced in considerations of the fluorescent intensity from a particulate sample. It represents the mean geometric path of the X-rays through one particle and is usually simply taken to be equal to the volume-to-area ratio of the particle. The effective radiometric path is, however, itself dependent on geometry and absorption effects. Rigorous calculations of the fluorescent intensity from a particle in the π and π/2 geometries were carried out to evaluate the errors involved. It appears that, for π geometry, the discrepancy between these exact results and the intensity calculated via the use of d does not exceed 5.2%. For the π/2 geometry, the errors are much larger and can amount to 50% in realistic cases of X-ray fluorescence analysis. These conclusions are also applicable to monolayers. The effective radiometric diameter approaches d only when absorption effects become negligible, but is smaller in other cases.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/XRS.1300090205
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“Trace analysis of estuarine brown algae by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence”. Sauter L, Van der Ben D, Van Grieken R, X-ray spectrometry 8, 159 (1979). http://doi.org/10.1002/XRS.1300080405
Abstract: Brown algae, which are good indicators for estuarine metal pollution, can advantageously be analysed by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence. The use of thin film samples and samples of intermediate thickness has several advantages over the conventional thick pellet procedure. A quite homogeneous thin target is prepared by suspending 15 mg of dried and ground seaweed powder in bi-distilled water and evaporating the slurry on a 10 cm2 Mylar foil held in a Teflon ring. The effective sample weight in the beam is calculated by a procedure based on the scatter peaks in the spectrum. Sensitivities are typically in the 215 ppm range. The coefficient of variation per analysis averaged over ten elements amounts to 10%. The natural concentration variation in seaweed specimens at one location is 13%. Samples from locations in the more polluted western Scheldt estuary yield significantly higher values for several elements, relative to the eastern Scheldt sites. Possible trace element variations between the top and base of plants, and between different seaweed specimens and sampling seasons, are discussed.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/XRS.1300080405
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“Folding of aerosol loaded filters during X-ray fluorescence analysis”. Van Grieken RE, Adams FC, X-ray spectrometry 5, 61 (1976). http://doi.org/10.1002/XRS.1300050204
Abstract: Folding aerosol loaded filters in two with the loaded side inwards during the X-ray analysis not only reduces possible filter heterogeneity effects and improves sample protection, but also increases the sensitivity and renders filter paper absorption corrections simple and more accurate in many instances. It is shown that folding an aerosol loaded Whatman filter paper during Kα X-rays counting leads to an increased sensitivity for all elements up from calcium, scandium or titanium (depending on the sensitivity definition and on the aerosol load) and for all elements up from phosphorus, sulphur or chlorine in the case of the Nuclepore filter. Although the absorption by the filter, into which the aerosol penetrates to some extent, is always more important in the sandwich than in the usual geometry, the dependence of the absorption correction on the usually unknown average deposition depth is less pronounced. Assuming all the aerosol material to be collected at the very surface of the filter and hence being present in the centre of the sandwich to be analysed, leads to an extremely simple filter paper absorption correction which is less prone to uncertainties than more sophisticated corrections in the usual geometry requiring additional measurements. This is the case for all elements up from potassium on Whatman filters and up from phosphorus on Nuclepore filters.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/XRS.1300050204
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“Editorial: Award for best XRS referee during 2007-2008”. Van Grieken R, X-ray spectrometry 37, 571 (2008). http://doi.org/10.1002/XRS.1107
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/XRS.1107
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“Assessment of aerosol particles within the Rubens' House Museum in Antwerp, Belgium”. Godoi RHM, Potgieter-Vermaak S, Godoi AFL, Stranger M, Van Grieken R, X-ray spectrometry 37, 298 (2008). http://doi.org/10.1002/XRS.1049
Abstract: The majority of researchers, conservators and curators recognise that atmospheric pollution is one of the major threats to works of art. In principle, all atmospheric particles, when deposited onto art objects can be considered harmful because of their potential in causing deterioration. Moreover, under certain conditions, particulate matter can induce and intensify surface damage, particularly because of its potential to serve as centre for moisture condensation and adsorbent of gaseous pollutants. To investigate the potential harm that these particles can cause, comprehensive characterisation of the particulate matter is necessary. Particulate matter was collected at the Rubens' House Museum in Antwerp, Belgium, where a unique exhibit of the paintings and living quarters of Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) are seen. Size segregated aerosol samples were collected for analyses of bulk and single particle elemental and molecular compositions. They were analysed by electron probe micro-analysis, utilising facilities for low-Z element determination, and by energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence, to investigate the elemental composition of individual particles and bulk samples, and by micro Raman spectrometry, to elucidate the molecular composition. Results are interpreted separately and as a whole with the specific aim of identifying compounds that could contribute to the chemical reactions taking place on the surfaces of artefacts and which could potentially cause degradation of the objects.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/XRS.1049
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“Large-volume injection combined with gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons”. Buczyńska AJ, Geypens B, Van Grieken R, De Wael K, Rapid communications in mass spectrometry 28, 1 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1002/RCM.6769
Abstract: RATIONALE: Compound-specific stable isotope analyses of carbon require relatively large amounts of sample for reliable analyses. Commonly applied injections of 1 μL may thus be inefficient for samples with low concentrations of pollutants (e.g. air particulate matter) or when the amount of a sample is limited. METHODS: A Large-Volume Injection (LVI) method for carbon stable isotope ratio analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) was optimized in this study. Gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GCCIRMS) and ion trap mass spectrometry (ITMS) were used for the determination of stable carbon isotope ratios and quantification of compounds, respectively. RESULTS: The optimized method resulted in very good reproducibility, even for the most volatile PAH, naphthalene, when a small amount of higher boiling co-solvent was used. No significant fractionation of isotope ratios could be seen and the recoveries of analytes were similar to or better than that of a splitless cold injection. CONCLUSIONS: Injection of 100 μL, instead of the commonly used 1 μL, increases the detection limit for PAHs significantly and/or simplifies the sample preparation step. Using our optimized method, stable carbon isotope ratios can be reliably measured in samples with concentrations of PAHs down to 0.050.1 ng μL1.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 1.998
Times cited: 5
DOI: 10.1002/RCM.6769
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“Degradation potential of airborne particulate matter at the Alhambra monument : a Raman spectroscopic and electron probe X-ray microanalysis study”. Potgieter-Vermaak S, Horemans B, Anaf W, Cardell C, Van Grieken R, Journal of Raman spectroscopy 43, 1570 (2012). http://doi.org/10.1002/JRS.4052
Abstract: It is well known that airborne particulate matter (APM) has an impact on our cultural heritage. A limited number of articles have been published on the sequential application of elemental and molecular techniques to estimate the degradation potential of APM in environments of cultural heritage importance, and most of these were concerned with indoor environments. The Alhambra monument (Granada, Spain) represents one of the grandest and finest examples of Islamic art and architecture from the Middle Ages. As part of an air quality investigation, two sets of APM were collected at the Hall of the Ambassadors and characterised to determine its potential degradation profile. These were analysed by means of micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS) and electron probe microanalysis with X-ray detection (EPXMA). The Raman data indicated the presence of various mixed salts of acidic and/or hygroscopic nature, such as sodium and ammonium nitrates and sulfates, especially in the finer fraction. Automated EPXMA estimated this fraction to be as high as 50%. Apart from the potential chemical attack, the soiling due to carbonaceous matter deposition is a real concern. Soot was identified by MRS and EPXMA in all size fractions, reaching values of up to 55%, and was often intertwined with soluble inorganic salts. Ongoing degradation of the pigments is implicated by the presence of brightly coloured particles. MRS and molar abundance ternary diagrams elicited the chemical structure of individual APM so that the degradation potential could be established.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/JRS.4052
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“Damage and molecular changes under a laser beam in SEM-EDX/MRS interface : a case study on iron-rich particles”. Worobiec A, Darchuk L, Brooker A, Potgieter H, Van Grieken R, Journal of Raman spectroscopy 42, 808 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1002/JRS.2789
Abstract: The control of damage to individual environmental particles by a laser beam during Raman spectroscopy carried out in ambient air is generally well understood. The nature and control of damage under vacuum conditions (e.g. in the scanning electron microscopy with energy X-ray detection combined with micro-Raman spectroscopyinterfaced SEM-EDX/MRS) are more complex and less well comprehended. The physical and chemical processes that affect the damage caused to small particles by lasers still remain somewhat unclear, but certainly the atmosphere (vacuum/air) and the beam intensity have very significant influences. Furthermore, it has been determined that some particles (e.g. haematite), although stable under an electron beam, are damaged by the laser beam, hampering their analysis. Additionally, when simultaneous analyses by SEM/EDX and MRS are considered, the correct choice of the collection surface plays a crucial role. As a result, the following collection substrates were tested to determine their influence on the laser beam damage process to the particle: silver and aluminium foils and silicon wafers. A test study was performed using artificial examples of haematite (Fe2O3) particles. Exposure of Fe2O3 particles in vacuum to 514- and 785-nm laser radiation often leads to their melting, transformation and evaporation. The dependence of the damage caused by the laser beam on the particle structure is reported here. Molecular and crystallographic changes have also been revealed. Formation of magnetite (as an effect of re-crystallisation) and Raman inactive structures was detected.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
DOI: 10.1002/JRS.2789
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“Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of coal : a review”. Potgieter-Vermaak S, Maledi N, Wagner N, van Heerden JHP, Van Grieken R, Potgieter JH, Journal of Raman spectroscopy 42, 123 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1002/JRS.2636
Abstract: The advances in the characterization of amorphous carbons by Raman spectroscopy over the last four decades are of interest to many industries, especially those involving the combustion, gasification and pyrolysis of coal. Many researchers report on the Raman character of the natural organic matter in carbon-containing compounds, such as coal, and relate the Raman bands to the structural order of the amorphous carbons. The basis of most of these studies evolved around the assignment of the G (graphitic, ∼1580 cm−1) band to crystalline graphite and any other bands, called D bands, (disorder, various from 1100 to 1500 cm−1) to any type of structural disorder in the graphitic structure. Concerning coal analysis, the information gained by Raman investigations has been used to describe char evolution as a function of temperature, the presence of catalysts and different gasification conditions. In addition, researchers looked at maturation, grade, doppleritization and many more aspects of interest. One aspect that has, however, not been addressed by most of the researchers is the natural inorganic matter (NIM) in the carbon-containing compounds. Micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS) has many advantages over other characterization tools, i.e. in situ analysis, nondestructive, no sample preparation, low detection limit, micrometer-scale characterization, versatility and sensitivity to many amorphous compounds. With the distinct advantages it has over that of other molecular characterization tools, such as powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy with X-ray detection (SEM/EDS), it is surprising that it has not yet been fully exploited up to this point for the characterization of the NIM in coal and other amorphous carbons. This paper reviews the work published on the Raman characterization of the natural organic matter (NOM) of coals and reports on preliminary results of the NIM character of various South African coals, whereby various inorganic compounds and minerals in the coal have been characterized.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/JRS.2636
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“Patterns of damage in igneous and sedimentary rocks under conditions simulating sea-salt weathering”. Cardell C, Rivas T, Mosquera MJ, Birginie JM, Moropoulou A, Prieto B, Silva B, Van Grieken R, Earth surface processes and landforms 28, 1 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1002/ESP.408
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/ESP.408
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“Geochemical assessment of a subtropical reservoir : a case study in Curitiba, Southern Brazil”. Godoi RHM, Hirata PY, Bitterncourt AVL, Godoi AFL, Potgieter-Vermaak S, Gatto Rotondo G, Van Grieken R, et al, Clean : soil, air, water 40, 364 (2012). http://doi.org/10.1002/CLEN.201000610
Abstract: Suspended particles and dissolved substances in water provide reactive surfaces, influence metabolic activity and contribute to the net sediment deposition. It therefore plays an important part in the ecology and quality of the water mass. The water quality in reservoirs is crucial and it is naturally maintained by flushing and sedimentation, which continuously remove phosphorus from the water. In some reservoirs, however, these removal processes are countered by recycling of ions which could play a key role to start and/or maintain the eutrophic state. The combination of macro-, trace- and microanalysis techniques can be useful to trace pollution sources through a chemical fingerprint, whether be during an acute environmental disaster or a long-term release of pollutants. The water quality and total metal content of reservoir sediments were assessed in a reservoir, situated in the capital of the Paraná State, in the South-Eastern part of Brazil. The goal of this paper was to determine the metal presence in the sediment and metal and ionic speciation in the Green River reservoir water. Water and bed sediment samples, collected from various sites during 2008 and 2009, were investigated using XRF, ICP-OES, ICP-MS, XRD and zeta potential measurements. Based on the results, the heavy metal concentration and chemical composition of the suspended matter in the water samples, as well as the sediment's chemical composition will be discussed.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/CLEN.201000610
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“Laser microprobe mass spectrometric identification of cyclosporine-induced intrarenal microliths in rat”. Verbueken AH, Van Grieken RE, Verpooten GA, de Broe ME, Wedeen RP, Biological mass spectrometry 21, 590 (1992). http://doi.org/10.1002/BMS.1200211111
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
DOI: 10.1002/BMS.1200211111
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“Characterization of the spheroliths present in primary atypical bandkeratopathy using laser microprobe mass analysis”. Vandeputte DF, Van Grieken RE, Foets BJJ, Misotten L, Biomedical and environmental mass spectrometry 18, 753 (1989). http://doi.org/10.1002/BMS.1200180918
Abstract: Laser microprobe mass analysis was applied to study the chemical composition of spheroliths in the Bowman's membrane of patients suffering from primary atypical bandkeratopathy. The inclusions appear to consist mainly of calcium phosphate.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/BMS.1200180918
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“Ultrastructural localization of aluminium in liver of aluminium maltol-treated rabbits by laser microprobe mass analysis”. Vandeputte D, Van Grieken RE, Jacob WA, Savory J, Bertholf RL, Wills MR, Biomedical and environmental mass spectrometry 18, 598 (1989). http://doi.org/10.1002/BMS.1200180815
Abstract: By means of laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA), we have studied the ultrastructural localization of aluminium in livers of aluminium maltol-treated rabbits. This animal model was developed to study long-term aluminium toxicity using systemic (intravenous) administration of aluminium. We could only detect aluminium in electron-dense inclusion bodies found in large, sometimes multinucleated cells. These results prove that the actual observation of aluminium deposits in liver with LAMMA gives more information than bulk analysis and can be very useful to explore mechanisms of toxicity.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/BMS.1200180815
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“Laser microprobe mass analysis : a review of applications in the life sciences”. Verbueken AH, Bruynseels FJ, Van Grieken RE, Biomedical mass spectrometry 12, 438 (1985). http://doi.org/10.1002/BMS.1200120903
Abstract: The characteristics and analytical utility of laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) are described and evaluated, and a short history of this recent microanalytical technique is presented. A review of the areas of application of LAMMA and related laser microprobes is presented with special emphasis on applications in the life sciences.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/BMS.1200120903
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“Laser microprobe mass spectrometry of platinum in dog kidney after cisplatin adminstration”. Verbueken AH, Van Grieken RE, Paulus GJ, Verpooten GA, de Broe ME, Biomedical mass spectrometry 11, 159 (1984). http://doi.org/10.1002/BMS.1200110404
Abstract: By means of laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) platinum was detected in the renal proximal tubular cells of a dog that had been intravenously adminstered the antitumor drug cisplatin (5 mg per kg body weight). No definite subcellular localization of the heavy metal was obtained. Sample prparation and analytical features are examined to increase spatial resolution of analysis while maintaining sufficient detection efficiency. The LAMMA method is destructive, but the amount and type of evaporated material can readily be determined when using LAMMA in combination with transmission electron microscopy. Instrumental optimization and standardization of mass signals is possible by using platinum-loaded, ion chelating resin beads embedded and sectioned with the tissue.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
DOI: 10.1002/BMS.1200110404
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“Application of auxiliary signals in X-ray fluorescence and electron microprobe analysis for density evaluation”. Kuczumov A, Vekemans B, Schalm O, Vincze L, Dorriné, W, Gysels K, Van Grieken R, X-ray spectrometry 28, 282 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4539(199907/08)28:4<282::AID-XRS352>3.0.CO;2-H
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4539(199907/08)28:4<282::AID-XRS352>3.0.CO;2-H
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“Progress in laboratory grazing emission X-ray fluorescence spectrometry”. Claes M, de Bokx P, Van Grieken R, X-ray spectrometry 28, 224 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4539(199907/08)28:4<224::AID-XRS337>3.3.CO;2-W
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4539(199907/08)28:4<224::AID-XRS337>3.3.CO;2-W
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“Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence in geochemical mapping”. Civici N, Van Grieken R, X-ray spectrometry 26, 147 (1997). http://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4539(199707)26:4<147::AID-XRS193>3.0.CO;2-X
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4539(199707)26:4<147::AID-XRS193>3.0.CO;2-X
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“Chemical characterization of neo-ceramic powders by time-of-flight and Fourier transform laser microprobe mass spectrometry”. Struyf H, van Vaeck L, Kennis P, Gijbels R, van Grieken R, Rapid communications in mass spectrometry 10, 699 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(199604)10:6<699::AID-RCM521>3.0.CO;2-8
Abstract: Laser microprobe mass spectrometry (LMMS) aims at the identification of local organic and inorganic constituents at the surface of solids, The low mass resolution capabilities of the initially used time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometers have often proved to be insufficient for identification, Therefore, high mass resolution Fourier transform (ET) LMMS was developed, Neo-ceramic powders with oxide or carbide coatings were analyzed by both FT LMMS and TOF LMMS, The data are useful to compare the analytical information gained from both methods, Analytical results of these samples by electron microprobe x-ray analysis (EPXMA) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) are discussed to assess the place of FT LMMS and TOF LMMS in the spectrum of microanalytical techniques.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 2.253
Times cited: 11
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(199604)10:6<699::AID-RCM521>3.0.CO;2-8
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“Desorption-ionization of inorganic compounds in Fourier transform laser microprobe mass spectrometry with external ion source”. Struyf H, Van Vaeck L, Van Grieken R, Rapid communications in mass spectrometry 10, 551 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(19960331)10:5<551::AID-RCM414>3.0.CO;2-S
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(19960331)10:5<551::AID-RCM414>3.0.CO;2-S
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“L'analyse des eaux géothermales par spectrométrie de masse à, étincelles”. Vandelannoote R, Blommaert W, van Grieken R, Gijbels R, Spectra 2000: la revue de l'instrumentation 53, 66 (1979)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Analysis of nonconducting materials by dc glow discharge spectrometry”. Bogaerts A, Schelles W, van Grieken R Wiley, Chichester, page 293 (2003).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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Gijbels R, van Grieken R (1977) Application of analytical methods for trace elements in geothermal waters : part 1 : Amélie-les-Bains (Eastern Pyrenees). S.l
Keywords: MA3 Book as author; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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Gijbels R, van Grieken R, Blommaert W, Van 't dack L, van Espen P, Nullens H, Saelens R (1983) Application of analytical methods for trace elements in geothermal waters : part 2 : Plombières, Bains-les-Bains, Bourbonne (Vosges). S.l
Keywords: MA3 Book as author; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
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“Application of trace element analysis to geothermal waters”. Gijbels R, van Grieken R, Blommaert W, Vandelannoote R, Van 't dack L, , 429 (1977)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Colloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale 34: a collection of papers presented at the Colloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale, Antwerp, Belgium, 4-9 September 2005”. Janssens K, Bogaerts A, van Grieken R Elsevier, Amsterdam (2006).
Keywords: ME3 Book as editor; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Colloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale 34 (CSI 34), Antwerp, Belgium, 4-9 September 2005”. Bogaerts A, Janssens K, van Grieken R Elsevier, Amsterdam (2006).
Keywords: ME3 Book as editor; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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van Grieken R, Gijbels R, Speecke A, Hoste J (1971) Determination of oxygen, silicon, phosphorus and copper in iron and steel by 14 MeV neutron activation analysis. S.l
Keywords: MA3 Book as author; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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