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Author |
Chekol Zewdie, M. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
How irrigation water impacts Ethiopian agriculture : an applied economics study |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2021 |
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xiv, 152 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM) |
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In recent decades, as crop production has increased in many areas where irrigation projects have been implemented, the global agricultural development community has promoted irrigation investments. However, due to the disappointing performance of irrigation farming in developing countries, irrigation intervention in Africa South of the Sahara including Ethiopia is an issue of debate. Moreover, several gaps exist in the Ethiopian irrigation farming literature. For instance, evidence about the direct and indirect effects of irrigation water on agriculture is not well documented. The irrigation farming literature has not disentangled the indirect effects of having access to irrigation water from the direct effect and the indirect effects have been underrepresented. Furthermore, most previous studies have applied either a quantitative or qualitative approach and have relied only on revealed data as main type of methodology, making studies that combine qualitative and quantitative research and that use both stated and revealed data underrepresented. In this study, different approaches have been applied to investigate how irrigation water impacts Ethiopia agriculture with special attention being given to disentangling the direct and indirect effects of irrigation water on Ethiopian agriculture. Using a structural equation model, a stochastic production frontier approach, and a discrete choice experiment, I drew evidence regarding the direct and indirect effects of irrigation water on crop revenue of smallholder farmers, the technical efficiency of irrigation user farmers, and the farmers’ willingness to pay to improve poor irrigation schemes from field observations, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with farmers, and key informant interviews with the local agricultural agents from the Koga and Fogera Districts of Amhara Region Ethiopia. The results indicate that irrigation water in general has both direct and indirect positive effects on agriculture, and the indirect effect is mediated by both improved farm inputs and the type of crops produced. The results also show that – due to poor extension services and backward agronomic practices, the mean technical efficiency of farmers in Ethiopia is very low, and that large-scale irrigation users are less technically efficient than small-scale irrigation users. Moreover, the results show that improving irrigation schemes shifts the frontier up, and smallholder farmers are strongly willing to contribute financially to the maintenance costs of irrigation schemes. The results offer relevant lessons for policymakers that providing irrigation water supply must be embedded in a comprehensive support package including access to extension services, improved input supply, and access to stable markets. |
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978-90-5728-700-8 |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:180816 |
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6928 |
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Author |
De Weerdt, L. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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An inquiry into the market acceptance of circular plastics |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2021 |
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xii, 154 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering Management (ENM) |
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Closing material loops and reducing resource extraction is considered to be the foundation of the circular economy that delivers environmental gains. Today, certain materials with large environmental impacts, such as plastics, are placed high on the circularity agenda. In this thesis, the market acceptance of circular plastics is analyzed. Firstly, the current – mostly linear – market for plastics in the European Union is analyzed. We find that market failure and uncertainties lead to postponed and scaled down private investments in recycling facilities for plastics. As a consequence, we conclude the failing and uncertain market needs government intervention. Secondly, potential government interventions that alleviate the market failure and reduce the present uncertainties are analyzed. Government intervention can be either incentive-based or regulatory-based. The Flemish government already acts as an incentivizer. For more than two decades already, a tax is levied on the incineration of plastic waste. We find that this tax reduces industrial plastic waste generation, but fails to elicit investments in recycling facilities. Regulatory-based policies are expected to gain in importance in the pursuit of a circular economy. Indeed, in the European Commission’s latest circularity action plan, a policy to mandate the use of recycled plastics is signaled. Mandating the use of recycled plastics can enable the circularity of plastics effectively. However, it would also generate a shock wave on the market, especially because, i.a. the implementation time of such a policy is uncertain. We investigate how firms can invest optimally in the use of recycled plastics under the presence of policy uncertainty. We conclude that the European market will be able to successfully adopt circular plastics. However, stimulating policies, both incentive-based and regulatory-based, turn out to be essential in this adoption process. Therefore, there will be a need for a combination of policies in order to prevent the incessant mass single-use consumption of plastics, which harms the environment. |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:178913 |
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6930 |
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Vicca, S.; Crabbé, A.; Van Passel, S. |
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Is het coronavirus goed nieuws voor het klimaat? = Is the coronavirus good news for the climate? |
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2020 |
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globalchangeecology.blog |
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Newspaper/Magazine/blog article; Sociology; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM); Plant and Ecosystems (PLECO) – Ecology in a time of change; Centre for Research on Environmental and Social Change |
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https://www.scientists4climate.be/is-the-coronavirus-good-news-for-the-climate/ |
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UA library record; https://www.scientists4climate.be/is-the-coronavirus-good-news-for-the-climate/; https://globalchangeecology.blog/2020/04/03/is-het-coronavirus-goed-nieuws-voor-het-klimaat/ |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:168299 |
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6934 |
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Einhäupl, P. |
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Landfill mining : implementing the missing link to a circular economy: an evaluation of the societal sustainability |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2021 |
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xxiii, 216 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Economics; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM) |
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One of the main objectives of implementing a circular economy system is the reuse and recycling of resources. Closing material cycles and renewable-based electricity and fuel production are essential to such systems. To achieve a high degree of circularity, waste streams have to be rethought and integrated from a cradle-to-grave to a cradle-to-cradle approach. However, today’s circular economy strategies mostly focus on current waste streams, while past waste streams, buried in landfills, could play an important role when recovering resources and energy. Hence, a well-thought-out circular economy strategy should include the re-integration of past waste streams. A grave-to-cradle approach is needed. Landfill mining (LFM), i.e. the excavation and processing of formerly buried waste to energy and materials, aims at utilizing these past waste streams. Doing so could bear potential economic, environmental, and societal burdens and benefits. Originating from landfill remediation projects, landfill mining has been further developed towards resource recovery. Today, using up-to-date technologies and following the most stringent environmental and social criteria, the concept is also known as enhanced landfill mining (ELFM). Throughout the relevant scientific literature, most attention is given to advances in technological development for (E)LFM, as well as its techno-economic and environmental assessment. Societal assessments of LFM projects are rare and treat societal impacts only selectively or from unilateral societal perspectives. If stakeholders are included in societal (E)LFM assessments, only industrial actors, like landfill operators, and governmental actors are asked to participate. A holistic stakeholder assessment for (E)LFM is missing. Moreover, the diverse societal impacts – ranging from socio-environmental benefits through the mitigation of health risks, over socio-economic benefits through land reclamation, and social benefits through community engagement, for example – are either only studied selectively or evaluated as one, entangling various societal effects. A holistic and specific assessment of societal factors affecting (E)LFM implementation is also missing. This thesis uses an anticipatory approach to tackle these challenges. This approach aims to integrate stakeholder values and include uncertainty through the use of multiple social perspectives and prospective modeling tools. In-depth interviews were conducted to develop a typology of (E)LFM stakeholders and to elicit the most important stakeholder needs. Stakeholders were selected along an extended quadruple helix framework, including industrial, institutional, scientific, and community actors. Furthermore, using system dynamics tools, namely causal loop diagrams, societal systems of (E)LFM could be visualized and analyzed. Finally, a discrete choice experiment was conducted to evaluate a set of societal factors representing the conversion of a landfill into a public park for recreational use. The in-depth interviews included landfill operators, technology providers and incubators, local governments and governmental institutions, as well as researchers and community members. To structure the diverse perspectives of stakeholders on (E)LFM, five stakeholder archetypes were developed: The Entrepreneur, the Engaged Citizen, the Visionary, the Technology Enthusiast, and the Skeptic. The archetypes capture important characteristics and opinions approaching (E)LFM implementation. They differ in risk perceptions, knowledge base, influence on (E)LFM’s systemic and project implementation, and their main concerns and motivations. Furthermore, 18 stakeholder needs were derived from the interviews. This includes societal, environmental, regulatory, and techno-economic needs. The needs are put in relation to the affected stakeholders and sustainability dimensions. Uncertainties that could potentially be reduced through the fulfillment of each need are qualitatively assessed. Quantitatively, stakeholders were focusing on societal, regulatory, and techno-economic needs, whereas qualitative emphasis was given to environmental needs, especially the avoidance of impacts from primary resource production. When meeting stakeholder needs fairly, intra- and inter-dimensional trade-offs have to be considered as different perspectives can lead to different and sometimes contradicting implications for (E)LFM implementation. To conceptualize societal systems of (E)LFM, causal loop diagrams were developed following system dynamics methodology. The visualizations show how (E)LFM is embedded in its societal context. Variables comprising the societal impact were analyzed, and mechanisms affecting the public project acceptance and the market acceptance of (E)LFM products worked out. Leverage points were identified, helping (E)LFM practitioners and policymakers to minimize potential risks and maximize potential benefits. To these count technological choices, stakeholder involvement, the after-use, quality standards, and LFM regulation in general, amongst others. To disentangle and evaluate societal impacts of (E)LFM, a discrete choice experiment was conducted deriving the utility of five distinct attributes: the size of a landfill, the project duration, job creation, disamenities, and climate impacts. To determine the willingness to pay, perform scenario analysis, and model policy simulations, a sixth attribute was added representing a cost factor for project implementation. Environmental considerations are most important to the sample, while project duration and disamenities also play a significant role. The scenario analysis and policy simulations show that taxing households for (E)LFM implementation is a viable option, especially for environmentally beneficial projects. Nonetheless, a favorable combination of the remaining attributes can compensate utility losses for environmentally questionable projects. As risks of classical landfill management practices are likely to grow with an updated evaluation of after-care periods lasting up to 100 years and more, positive effects of (E)LFM become even more noteworthy. Nonetheless, (E)LFM projects also pose potential risks like groundwater contamination or the reintroduction of hazardous materials. If executed poorly, (E)LFM projects could potentially do more harm than good. A mix of policy measures is recommended to push a major part of potential (E)LFM projects from being environmentally beneficial and economically inefficient to being societally, environmentally, and economically favorable. Overall, more research is necessary to integrate (E)LFM into circular economy strategies and build a sensible grave-to-cradle approach. |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:181007 |
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6935 |
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Author |
Admasu, W.F. |
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Socioeconomic and environmental impact of expropriation of agricultural land for urbanisation in Ethiopia |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2021 |
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162 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering Management (ENM) |
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Globally, incorporation of agricultural lands into the urban boundary has been a common phenomenon. Governments use various alternatives to access the required land, including land expropriation procedures, which refers to the compulsorily taking of land from the landholders without their consent by paying compensation. In Ethiopia, the urban population is growing rapidly which resulted into an increase in the demand for urban land for housing construction, public services provision, and infrastructure developments. As the Ethiopian constitution prohibits sale of landholders, governments, at various levels, have been expropriating land from the surrounding farmers to meet the demand for urban land. The general objective of this thesis is to improve the understanding of the impacts of local land deals for urbanization on socioeconomics of farmers and the environment. The findings of this thesis revealed that there are gaps in the current practices of land expropriation for urban expansion that should be improved. The results showed that the compensation paid to the affected farmers is found to be economically inappropriate, i.e., not enough to restore the affected farmers’ livelihoods, in contrast with the land laws that allows a compensation amount that would put previous land users in a better or the same wellbeing as before the land expropriation. In addition, it is indicated that the land expropriation process does not take into account the value of ecosystem services, which are benefits obtain from the land, and important for the wellbeing of the society. We conclude that while land expropriation is an important tool to obtain land from the landholders when it is needed for public purposes, the practices in the study area show it is adversely affecting the socioeconomics of farmers and the environment. |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:177909 |
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6944 |
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Author |
Bjørnåvold, A. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Unlocking lock-in : accelerating socio-technical transitions to sustainability |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2021 |
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189 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Linguistics; Engineering Management (ENM) |
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Achieving global sustainability goals will require cleaner and cheaper technologies. Public policy is central to achieving these goals and, in turn, ensuring a quicker pace of change. A major obstacle lies in the fact that technologies cannot be considered isolated entities: they are embedded in a powerful social context of cultural, organisational and institutional systems. This intertwining of different elements is referred to as a socio-technical system. This thesis discusses how socio-technical systems have, over time, allowed locked-in configurations to emerge, referring to a combination of systematic forces that perpetuate unsustainable infrastructures embedded in society. Such lock-ins can inhibit innovation and competitiveness of low-carbon and sustainable technologies, and this thesis looks to concrete solutions for unlocking them. Vital to this objective lies better understanding preferences, intentions, and behaviour of actors involved at each stage of technological development to improve public policy design. A discrete choice experiment – a quantitative non-market valuation method – was, therefore, a core method used to model preferences of key target groups. Target groups considered in the four components of the thesis include i) industry players, ii) policymakers, iii) farmers, and iv) the general public in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy and Spain. The thesis seeks to establish how both economic and regulatory instruments can be leveraged to overcome lock-in. One conclusion sees that implementing an efficient environmental tax regime – an economic instrument – requires balancing political feasibility and public acceptance considerations in line with tax and environmental policy. Results indicate that public acceptance for environmental taxation increases with earmarking. Another conclusion highlights the importance of taking behavioural and habitual considerations into account – both when considering policymakers’ investment decisions, and farmers’ decisions to adopting agro-ecological practices when responding to regulatory instruments. Overall, policy design should emphasise a more continuous and systemic approach to innovation and technology policy on the road to accelerating socio-technical transitions to sustainability. |
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978-90-5728-692-6 |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:179247 |
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6949 |
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Author |
de Barros, A.G.; Hasheminejad, N.; Kampen, J.K.; Vanlanduit, S.; Vuye, C. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Noise barriers as a road traffic noise intervention in an urban environment |
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P1 Proceeding |
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2021 |
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1-10 |
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P1 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM); Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Energy and Materials in Infrastructure and Buildings (EMIB); Social Epidemiology & Health Policy (SEHPO) |
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Intending to tackle road traffic noise in urban environments, noise barriers have been proven to effectively reduce environmental noise levels, leading to positive effects on noise perception by the exposed population. This work assesses the impacts of replacing an obsolete noise barrier in a site near a highway. The effects of this change were monitored via a combination of field surveys, acoustic measurements and noise maps. The results have shown that even though the barrier replacement led to a 4.1 dB reduction in the LA,eq,(15 min.), the annoyance levels of the respondents increased. Possibly, the expectations regarding the improvement of the noise barrier were not met, after a history of complaints. Additionally, existing exposure-response relationships were not successful in predicting the annoyance levels in this particular case. In this dataset, noise annoyance presented a weak link with reported health problems, while a strong correlation was found with the comfort level to perform activities outdoors. Questions regarding the COVID-19 pandemic showed that even though the respondents were spending more time at home, they were less annoyed due to road traffic noise in the period when circulation restrictions were in place. |
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978-989-53387-0-2 |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:180105 |
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7004 |
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Jiang, J. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Ginzburg-Landau dynamical simulations on the nonreciprocal transport properties of two-dimensional superconductors |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2022 |
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XII, 79 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) |
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The nonreciprocal charge transport property which depends on the polarity of the applied current, such as the diode effect and the rectification effect, is of great importance for both theoretical research and engineering application. The nonreciprocal transport property in superconductors generally requires to break both the spatial inversion symmetry and the time-reversal symmetry, and therefore becomes one of the fundamental issues in superconductivity. Of particular interest, the superconducting diode effect, which exhibits one-way superconductivity, can potentially be applied to dissipationless diode devices, as a consequence has received extensive attention in recent years. In this Ph. D thesis, we simulate vortex dynamics with heat dissipation by numerically solving time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations and heat transfer equation. The nonreciprocal transport properties of the following three superconducting systems are studied. We study a superconducting film patterned with a conformal pinning array and find a giant rectification effect which is consistent with the experimental observation. In presence of the funneling effect due to the geometry of the conformal pinning array, Joule heating of the accumulating vortices creates hot spots and drives the sample to the normal state. Meanwhile, the density gradient of vortex does not match the gradient of pinning. The two mechanisms together lead to the giant rectification effect. We study the nonreciprocal charge transport property in a pinning-free superconducting nano-ring. We systematically calculate the response of the ratchet signal to various parameters in both D.C. and A.C. currents. By analyzing the vortex potential, we find that the nonreciprocal transport property is caused by the asymmetry potential barriers for vortex entry and exit. We study a superconductor/nanoscale-magnetic-dot hybrid structure. It takes advantage of the external current to control the nucleation of vortex-antivortex pairs, and can produce superconducting diode effect without applied magnetic fields. Our vortex dynamics simulation details the progress of the superconducting-normal phase transition due to motion of vortex pairs and heat dissipation. The nonreciprocal transport properties of the above three systems are all based on the broken symmetry of spatial inversion, which is caused by the anisotropic pinning array, the asymmetric geometry, and the nonuniform distribution of the magnetic field, respectively. The mechanisms we discuss in this thesis do not require special property of the materials and thus can be applied to any kinds of conventional superconductors. The present studies would provide solid theoretical basis for the future design and application of the dissipationless superconducting devices. |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:188525 |
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7168 |
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Oliveira, M.C. |
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Influence of phase-separated domains on the permeability of oxidized lipid membranes |
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2022 |
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151 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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Biological membranes are under constant attack of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which may lead to a complex mixture of nitro-oxidized lipids that are responsible for structural and dynamic changes on the membrane. Because of that, nitro-oxidized lipids are also associated with several tumors and inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, lipid oxidation may induce membrane phase-separated domains, which also drastically affect the membrane function. Evidence suggests that domain interfaces are “hot spots” for pore formation, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. There is an urgent need for an improved understanding of oxidation-induced phase separation on membrane properties. Likewise, the molecular structure at domain interfaces still needs to be elucidated. To evaluate the effect of lipid nitro-oxidation on the permeability of single-phase (homogeneous) and phase-separated (heterogeneous) phospholipid bilayers (PLBs), we performed atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using: (1) single-phase PLBs composed of several isomers of nitrated and/or oxidized lipids; (2) phase-separated PLBs composed of coexisting liquid ordered (Lo) and liquid disordered (Ld) domains, where the Ld domain is composed of non-oxidized and/or oxidized lipids. Our results show that nitrated lipids increase the membrane permeability of single-phase PLBs by three-fold compared to oxidized lipids. In addition, we show that oxidized lipids in the presence of nitrated lipids decrease the membrane permeability, suggesting an interaction between nitrated and oxidized lipids. Overall, the permeability of single-phase and phase-separated PLBs was comparable, and the presence of oxidized lipids increases the membrane permeability only in single-phase PLBs. Despite the latter, the presence of only 1.5% of lipid aldehydes at the Lo/Ld domain interfaces of phase-separated PLBs was able to increase the membrane permeability. In consequence of this, we also performed coarse-grained MD simulations to evaluate whether lipid aldehydes have a preference to accumulate at the interface between Lo/Ld domains. Our results show that lipid aldehydes derived from mono-unsaturated lipids accumulate at the interface, but those derived from poly-unsaturated lipids remain in the Ld domain. This study is of interest for photodynamic therapy and plasma medicine for cancer treatment, to understand the effects caused by RONS in cell membranes. |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:191039 |
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Spanoghe, J. |
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Title |
Purple bacteria cultivation on light, carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas : exploring and tuning the potential for microbial food production |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2022 |
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vi, 207 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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The human population is projected to grow to 9.7 billion by 2050, resulting in an estimated increase in protein demand of 50%. From an environmental perspective, the current and future demand of protein cannot be sustainably met as the conventional food production chain is severely altering biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and phosphorus, biodiversity and land-use, with flows towards the biosphere and oceans that are exceeding the planetary boundaries. Microbial protein (protein derived from microorganisms) has been suggested as an excellent sustainable protein source, a fortiori when produced in a land- and fossil free manner. The photoautohydrogenotrophic cultivation (i.e. with light, CO2 and H2) of purple bacteria links up perfectly with the upcoming green electrification of industry (green H2) and the need for carbon capture and utilization. However, this metabolism represented a gap in literature, and thus this thesis aimed to establish a basic knowledge platform on its kinetic, stoichiometric and nutritional performance. At first, three originally photoheterotrophically enriched purple bacteria were studied of which Rhodobacter capsulatus reached the highest protein productivity of 0.16 g protein/L/d, which aligned well with the commonly-known photoautotrophic microalgae. Moreover, a full dietary essential amino acid match was found for human food, while the fatty acid content was dominated by the health-stimulating vaccenic acid (82-86%). Lastly, the achieved protein yield in photoautohydrogenotrophic purple bacteria was 2.3 times higher compared to hydrogen oxidizing bacteria, indicating a resource-efficient use of H2. Next, a photoautohydrogenotrophic enrichment of wastewater treatment microbiomes was performed in search for specialist species. While the isolates of this enrichment showed improvements in their performance during acclimation, the kinetic and nutritional performance of Rhodobacter capsulatus still excelled. Subsequently, the influence of nutrient limitations (C or N) and nitrogen gas fixation was studied on the nutritional tuning potential. Both the limitations as well as the N2 fixation resulted in the shift of the essential amino acid profiles. Additionally, the limitations significantly decreased the pigment content, while an increase in the storage of poly-P was seen in case of carbon limitations. The next major challenge was the production intensification in a photobioreactor of which the design was linked to minimizing both H2 and light limitations. The chosen bubble-column photobioreactor already resulted in a doubled biomass productivity. Finally, the remaining technological and non-technological challenges ahead for the production of a high-value, cost-efficient, environment-friendly microbial protein that complies with legislative requirements and appeals to future consumers were discussed. |
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978-90-5728-741-1 |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:188233 |
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7198 |
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Van Tendeloo, M. |
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Resource-efficient nitrogen removal from sewage : kinetic, physical and chemical tools for mainstream partial nitritation/anammox |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2022 |
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iv, 204 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Adequate removal of pollutants from sewage is important to protect the environment and public health. Today, sewage treatment plants are operational in many parts of the world, and although the used technologies are effective in removing pollutants from wastewater, they are energy- and resource-intensive. Reshaping sewage treatment into a two-stage system, with separated organic carbon and nitrogen removal, facilitates the transformation towards energy-positive sewage treatment. This thesis will focus on resource-efficient nitrogen removal from sewage via partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A), with reduced organic carbon and oxygen consumption compared to conventional techniques. PN/A relies on the teamwork between two microbial groups to convert ammonium into nitrogen gas. Several other groups of microbes however can proliferate in the sludge, competing for substrate with the key players, lowering the nitrogen removal efficiency and increasing the energy demand. To obtain the desired microbial community, control tools should be applied to selectively promote the desired microbes while suppressing the unwanted competitors. In this thesis, multiple control tools were studied to establish a workable framework for successful implementation of PN/A in the main stream of a sewage treatment plant. These tools can be divided into three categories: i) kinetic tools, regulating substrate availability (e.g., oxygen availability control and residual ammonium concentration), ii) physical tools, revolving around sludge retention and selection (e.g., sludge age control and sludge aggregation form), and iii) chemical tools, exposing the sludge to stress conditions for which the unwanted microbes are vulnerable (e.g., sludge treatments with a single stressor such as free ammonia). The first research chapter focussed on oxygen availability control and single-stressor sludge treatments. The following two chapters covered the development of a novel multi-stressor concept combining substrate starvation and exposure to sulphide and free ammonia. In the final research chapter, the previously obtained knowledge was combined into a demonstration study on pilot-scale. The combination of these control tools was found effective in achieving nitrogen removal via PN/A, both on lab- and pilot-scale. Consequently, the obtained results in this thesis can catalyse the implementation of mainstream PN/A by providing a toolbox with multiple control tools and clever reactor design, thus advancing the concept of energy neutrality and resource efficiency in sewage treatment plants. |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:187665 |
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7204 |
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Gielis, J.; Shi, P.; Caratelli, D. |
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Universal equations : a fresh perspective |
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A1 Journal article |
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2022 |
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Growth and Form |
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A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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A uniform description of natural shapes and phenomena is an important goal in science. Such description should check some basic principles, related to 1) the complexity of the model, 2) how well its fits real objects, phenomena and data, and 3) ia direct connection with optimization principles and the calculus of variations. In this article, we present nine principles, three for each group, and we compare some models with a claim to universality. It is also shown that Gielis Transformations and power laws have a common origin in conic sections |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:189317 |
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7224 |
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Khan, S.U. |
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Singlet oxygen-based photoelectrocatalysis : from photosensitizer structures to plasmonic enhancement |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2023 |
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182 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab) |
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Singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) has continuously attracted researchers' interest because of its involvement in various processes, such as in photodynamic reactions in biological and chemical systems. 1O2 is an effective electrophile and potent oxidizing agent and can be easily generated by photosensitization via the illumination of organic dyes with visible light. As described in Chapter 1, 1O2 has gained prominence in various applications such as wastewater treatment, photodynamic therapy of cancer, organic synthesis, and recently developed 1O2-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing of phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds are a potential source of contaminants that originates from industrial effluents and waste products of chemical and pharmaceutical industries. These phenolic compounds pose severe threats to humans and aquatic life after reaching the environment. Therefore, it is imperative to develop photoactive materials that efficiently generate 1O2 and oxidize phenolic compounds and antibiotics. The existing 1O2 generating photosensitizers (PSs) include porphyrins, phthalocyanines (Pcs), subphthalocyanines (SubPcs), and other dyes such as derivatives of xanthene (e.g., Rose Bengal (RB)), and fluorinated boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPYs), and phenothiazinium dyes (e. g. Methylene Blue (MB)) which display long-lived triplet excited state and can be used in 1O2-based applications. This thesis focuses on preparing efficient hybrid materials based on newly synthesized Pcs, different surface area titanium dioxide (TiO2) and plasmonic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for their use in the PEC detection of phenolic compounds. The first focus was on developing a fast amperometric method to test the photo-electrocatalytic activity of 1O2 producing PSs dissolved in MeOH based on the redox cycling of an electroactive phenolic compound, hydroquinone (HQ) (Chapter 2). This method of testing PSs does not require the accumulation of a reaction product since the amperometric signal develops near instantly when the light is on, which enables dynamic monitoring of a PSs activity at varying conditions in a single experiment. This method was crucial to measure high 1O2 quantum yield and low yield in the same experimental conditions. Moreover, the obtained results revealed a range of working parameters affecting the PEC activity of PSs. The next goal was to immobilize tert-butyl substituted aluminum Pc (t-BuPcAlCl) on the solid support, which showed a high 1O2 quantum yield. However, before immobilizing Pc on a solid support such as TiO2, it is essential to know the electronic energy level of Pcs for the possible electron transfers from Pcs to TiO2. Therefore, Chapter 3 explored the (spectro)electrochemical properties of t-BuPcAlCl Pc. Next, in Chapter 4, t-BuPcAlCl Pc and other tert-butyl substituted Pcs with Zn central metal, t-BuPcZn, and its metal-free derivative t-BuPcH2 were immobilized on different surface area TiO2. The PEC activity of immobilized Pcs on TiO2 toward different phenols and antibiotics was studied, and the action mechanism was revealed and compared with sterically hindered fluorinated Pc F64PcZn. In the final part of this thesis plasmonic AuNPs were introduced combined with trimethylsilane-protected acetylene functionalized ZnPc (TMSZnPc) to study the synergistic effect that boosts the overall activity toward the detection of phenols under visible light illumination (Chapter 5) . The TMSZnPc was coupled with AuNPs via a click chemistry approach. The 1O2 quantum yield of TMSZnPc improved significantly after conjugating with AuNPs, and, subsequently, the PEC activity for detecting HQ. The theoretical and experimental investigation demonstrated that the plasmonic enhancement of TMSZnPc is driven by the near-field mechanism. This shows the importance of plasmonic AuNPs with other photoactive species for their use in 1O2-based applications. The fundamental knowledge obtained in this doctoral study will ultimately deepen the understanding of developing 1O2-based PEC sensors for detecting phenolic compounds and pharmaceuticals in the wastewater stream, helping to choose efficient materials and, in the last instance, a more sustainable future especially access to clean water for everyone. |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:193342 |
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7337 |
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Larraín, M. |
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Recycling of plastics : linking technical, economic and policy aspects of post-consumer plastic packaging |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2022 |
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x, 165 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM); Intelligence in PRocesses, Advanced Catalysts and Solvents (iPRACS) |
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The rise in plastic packaging production and disposal has encouraged the progress of recycling technologies and aroused policy discussion on how to increase recycling rates. However, the effect that these policy instruments will have on the development of the different recycling technologies has not been studied holistically yet. This dissertation explores how new and existing technologies will behave under the market and policy conditions observed at present and after the implementation of the policy instruments that are under discussion. The technologies that are analyzed in this thesis are mechanical recycling and thermochemical recycling of post-consumer polyolefin waste. Using a techno-economic assessment that takes into account the physical properties of the different plastic fractions and their contamination level, the study shows that both mechanical and thermochemical recycling can be profitable if oil prices remain steady or increase. Specifically, mechanical recycling will show better results than thermochemical recycling for plastic fractions with low contamination levels. On the contrary, thermochemical recycling is more profitable for fractions with a higher contamination level from which high-quality products cannot be obtained with mechanical recycling, such as PE films. Moreover, it demonstrates that besides the oil prices and sorted waste prices, waste purity and the plant capacity are the variables that influence more the net present value of thermochemical recycling and the labor cost and waste purity the ones of mechanical recycling. The thesis explores the dynamics between the stakeholders of the circular value chain and predicts the recycling rates under the implementation of several policy instruments. This is done with a supply chain equilibrium model, based on the extended producer responsibility scheme implemented in Flanders, that uses as an input the cost structures of mechanical and thermochemical recycling obtained from the techno-economic assessments. Direct interventions like recycled content standards, can decouple the recycling industry from the oil market, but in the long term, they may not present incentives to achieve recycling levels beyond the targeted amounts and thus limit technological innovation. On the contrary, economic interventions such as taxes, create economic incentives for recycling and allow fund collection from the government but leave the recycled levels dependent on external markets. Results also show that higher recycling rates does not necessarily mean better environmental performance. Therefore, when designing circular economy policies, policymakers should carefully analyze whether the intention is to increase circularity or improve the sustainability of the value chains. |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:191730 |
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7366 |
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Tschulkow, M. |
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A techno-environmental economic assessment of a lignin-first biorefinery : a dynamic and prospective framework for emerging technologies |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2022 |
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175 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM) |
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Novel emerging biorefinery technologies have gained interest and have the potential to tackle several sustainability challenges in our society. A lignin-first biorefinery process – reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) – is currently under development with the aim to process wood into high-value end-products that replace highly polluting fossil oil-based products. However, such emerging technologies are not matured yet, holding a certain degree of technological, economic, and environmental uncertainty. Hence, an appropriate assessment method is required to assess techno-economic feasibility and environmental impacts of emerging uncertain technologies (e.g lignin-first RCF process). This dissertation aims to develop an integrated techno-environmental economic assessment framework to assess emerging technologies dynamically and prospectively from economic and environmental points of view. First, a techno-economic assessment (TEA) is performed to assess the economic feasibility and the most influential economic and technological parameters of the lignin-first RCF biorefinery taking the whole wood value chain into account. By making the relations across the wood value chain, the scale of the biorefinery, wood species, and output prices highly determine the economic feasibility. The economic feasibility can be reached by a sufficient capacity level which depends on wood species-specific conditions. Also, waste wood proves to be the most profitable feedstock in comparison to virgin wood. Second, an analytical real options analysis (ROA) is performed taking two correlated market uncertainties and the value of flexibility into account to identify the optimal investment decision in an RCF biorefinery. Two different investment options, separated and united investments in harvesting equipment and RCF biorefinery, are analyzed. In both scenarios, market uncertainty postpones the investment. When both investment decisions are united, the probability of investment increases in comparison to separated investments. The study reveals that RCF has the potential to stimulate investments within the wood value chain. Third, a consequential life cycle assessment (LCA) is performed to assess the carbon emissions and the environmental consequences of the lignin-first RCF process and its products. The study reveals that at the current stage RCF products have higher carbon emissions than their alternative counterparts. Several options to improve the environmental performance are discussed such as different RCF technology configurations, targeting different RCF products with the ability to replace higher polluting alternative counterparts on the markets. Other discussion points such as transportation type and the distance, (in-)direct land-use change, the use stage and disposal stages implications, and a more comprehensive environmental view of the RCF products, show the potential to improve the environmental performance of the RCF technology. Overall, the study shows that the RCF process can be environmentally desirable if the appropriate RCF configuration and products are chosen. Finally, the above-mentioned methods – techno-economic assessment, analytical real options analysis, and consequential life cycle assessment – are uniquely integrated within the newly developed integrated assessment framework. The framework has the aim to complement the shortcomings and combine the advantages of all three methods. The framework assesses emerging technologies to give predictive insights about the time-specific economic and environmental performance under the newly developed three threshold conditions: technological readiness, economic feasibility, and environmental desirability. The developed integrated assessment framework assesses dynamically and prospectively the RCF biorefinery implementation under Belgian conditions. It reveals that the economic feasibility increases and carbon emissions decrease over time. The RCF biorefinery fulfills all three threshold conditions – technological readiness, economic feasibility, and environmental desirability – consecutively. The newly developed integrated assessment framework offers decision support to several stakeholders of emerging technologies starting from low technology readiness level (TRL). Practitioners such as the technology developers, researchers, and policymakers can use the framework to evaluate emerging technologies that deal with high levels of technological, economic, and environmental uncertainties. The framework assesses emerging technologies on a detailed level to give decision-makers in-depth insights into the intertwined nature of the technological, economic, and environmental dimensions. It offers insights into the expected time-specific economic and environmental performances, potential, and challenges of the emerging technology to further improve the technology and direct R&Ds along the right path. |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:188968 |
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7369 |
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De Meyer, S.; Vanmeert, F.; Janssens, K.; Storme, P. |
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Title |
A mobile scanner for xrpd-imaging of paintings in transmission and reflection geometry |
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P1 Proceeding |
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2017 |
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ACTA ARTIS ACADEMICA 2017: PAINTING AS A STORY
T2 – 6th Interdisciplinary ALMA Conference, JUN 01-03, 2017, Brno, CZECH REPUBLIC |
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29-38 |
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P1 Proceeding; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
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In this paper the possibilities and limitations of a non-invasive prototype of macroscopic X-ray powder diffraction scanning device employed in transmission and reflection mode are demonstrated. Contrarily to e.g. macroscopic X-ray fluorescence scanners, which gather information on the elemental level, the prototype instrument allows to obtain information on the crystallographic structure of the components. When applied to cultural heritage artefacts, it becomes possible to identify and localize crystalline pigments. Furthermore, it became clear that different information can be available depending on the geometry of the scanner components. In transmission mode information over the entire stratigraphy of the painting is gathered, which is useful to e.g. identify background substrates and major pigments. On the other hand, reflection-XRPD is a surface-sensitive technique and allows the identification of pigments and degradation products located on the surface. The data acquired during both experiments can be presented as two-dimensional distribution maps which show the spatial distribution of every identified pigment. The complementary nature of transmission and reflectionmode makes it possible to gain more insight into the stratigraphy of the painting which is valuable information for conservation and restoration scientists. |
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000430517600002 |
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978-80-87108-75-8 |
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no |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:189869 |
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7392 |
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Gielis, J.; Tavkelidze, I.; Ricci, P.E. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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About “bulky” links, generated by generalized Möbius-Listing bodies |
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H3 Book chapter |
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2011 |
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115-128
T2 - Proceedings of the International Conf |
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H3 Book chapter; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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978-9941-0-3727-6 |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:97753 |
Serial |
7403 |
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Author |
Tavkhelidze, I.; Gielis, J.; Pinelas, S. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
About some methods of analytic representation and classification of a wide set of geometric figures with “complex” configuration |
Type |
A3 Journal article |
|
Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Sn – 1512-0066 |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue |
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Pages |
81-84 |
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Keywords |
A3 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:174475 |
Serial |
7406 |
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Author |
Koleleni, Y.I.A.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Title |
Aerosol composition as a function of particle size |
Type |
A3 Journal article |
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Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Tanzanian journal of science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
49-61 |
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Keywords |
A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:55572 |
Serial |
7423 |
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Author |
Van Grieken, R. |
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Title |
Aerosol composition studies using accelerator proton bombardment |
Type |
P3 Proceeding |
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Year |
1974 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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|
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:117458 |
Serial |
7424 |
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Author |
Eltayeb, M.A.H.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Maenhaut, W.; Annegarn, H.A.J. |
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Title |
Aerosol-soil fractionation for Namib desert samples |
Type |
A3 Journal article |
|
Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Journal of aersol science |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
S1 |
Pages |
983-986 |
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Keywords |
A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:2843 |
Serial |
7426 |
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Author |
Meerburg, F.A.; Boon, N.; Van Winckel, T.; Pauwels, K.; Vlaeminck, S.E. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
The age of wastewater mining : selection for sludge with a maximum capture potential for organics in a high-rate contact stabilization system |
Type |
P3 Proceeding |
|
Year |
2015 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
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|
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
3 p.
T2 - IWA Resource Recovery Conference, 30 Aug |
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|
Keywords |
P3 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:151144 |
Serial |
7428 |
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Author |
Van Grieken, R. |
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Title |
Air pollution and preventive conservation in some European museums |
Type |
P1 Proceeding |
|
Year |
2014 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
19-26
T2 - Science, Technology and Cultural Herita |
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Keywords |
P1 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Edition |
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|
ISSN |
978-1-138-02744-2 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:126671 |
Serial |
7430 |
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Author |
Costa Dantas, C.; Da Silveira Dantas, H.; Van 't dack, L.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Title |
Analise de solos por meio de fluorescencia de raios-X nao-dispersiva |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
|
Year |
1981 |
Publication |
Química nova |
Abbreviated Journal |
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|
Volume |
4 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
110-116 |
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|
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
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|
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Edition |
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|
ISSN |
0100-4042; 1678-7064 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:111435 |
Serial |
7438 |
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Author |
Trincavelli, J.C.; Van Grieken, R. |
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|
Title |
Analisis cuantitativo sin estandares de particulas individuales mediante microsonda de electrones |
Type |
H3 Book chapter |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
273-278
T2 - Avances en analisis por tecnicas en r |
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|
Keywords |
H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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|
Abstract |
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Additional Links |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:14678 |
Serial |
7439 |
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Author |
Van Grieken, R. |
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|
Title |
Analyse van ferro-metalen door activering met 14 MeV neutronen |
Type |
MA3 Book as author |
|
Year |
1973 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
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|
|
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
128 p. |
|
|
Keywords |
MA3 Book as author; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Edition |
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|
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Additional Links |
UA library record |
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|
Open Access |
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|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:117470 |
Serial |
7440 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Koleleni, Y.I.A.; Van Grieken, R. |
|
|
Title |
Analysis of biological materials from Tanzania by total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) analysis |
Type |
A3 Journal article |
|
Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Tanzania journal of science |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
16 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
143-157 |
|
|
Keywords |
A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:116934 |
Serial |
7442 |
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Author |
Ro, C.-U.; Oh, K.-Y.; Van Grieken, R.E. |
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|
Title |
Analysis of heterogeneous CaCO3-CaSO4 single particles using ultra-thin window EPMA |
Type |
P3 Proceeding |
|
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
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Keywords |
P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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|
Open Access |
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|
Notes |
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Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:34104 |
Serial |
7444 |
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Author |
van Malderen, H.; Van Grieken, R.; Khodzher, T.V.; Bufetov, N.S.; Koutsenogii, K.P. |
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|
Title |
Analysis of individual aerosol particles in Siberian region: provisional results |
Type |
A3 Journal article |
|
Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Atmospheric and oceanic optics |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
7 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
622-627 |
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|
Keywords |
A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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ISBN |
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Open Access |
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|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:9515 |
Serial |
7445 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
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|
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Author |
Ro, C.-U.; Osán, J.; Van Grieken, R. |
|
|
Title |
Analysis of individual environmental particles using ultra-thin window EPXMA |
Type |
P3 Proceeding |
|
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
|
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record |
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|
Open Access |
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|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:55575 |
Serial |
7446 |
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Permanent link to this record |