Records |
Author |
Shi, P.; Chen, L.; Quinn, B.K.; Yu, K.; Miao, Q.; Guo, X.; Lian, M.; Gielis, J.; Niklas, K.J. |
Title |
A simple way to calculate the volume and surface area of avian eggs |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
1524 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
118-131 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
Abstract |
Egg geometry can be described using Preston's equation, which has seldom been used to calculate egg volume (V) and surface area (S) to explore S versus V scaling relationships. Herein, we provide an explicit re-expression of Preston's equation (designated as EPE) to calculate V and S, assuming that an egg is a solid of revolution. The side (longitudinal) profiles of 2221 eggs of six avian species were digitized, and the EPE was used to describe each egg profile. The volumes of 486 eggs from two avian species predicted by the EPE were compared with those obtained using water displacement in graduated cylinders. There was no significant difference in V using the two methods, which verified the utility of the EPE and the hypothesis that eggs are solids of revolution. The data also indicated that V is proportional to the product of egg length (L) and maximum width (W) squared. A 2/3-power scaling relationship between S and V for each species was observed, that is, S is proportional to (LW2)(2/3). These results can be extended to describe the shapes of the eggs of other species to study the evolution of avian (and perhaps reptilian) eggs. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000975679400001 |
Publication Date |
2023-04-28 |
Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0077-8923; 1749-6632 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
5.2 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
OpenAccess |
Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 5.2; 2023 IF: 4.706 |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:196724 |
Serial |
8827 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Wang, L.; Shi, P.; Chen, L.; Gielis, J.; Niklas, K.J. |
Title |
Evidence that Chinese white olive (Canarium album(Lour.) DC.) fruits are solids of revolution |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Botany letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-7 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
Abstract |
Although many fruit geometries resemble a solid of revolution, this assumption has rarely been rigorously examined. To test this assumption, 574 fruits of Canarium album (Lour.) DC. which appear to have an ellipsoidal shape, were examined to determine the validity of a general avian-based egg-shape equation, referred to as the explicit Preston equation (EPE). The assumption that the C. album fruit geometry is a solid of revolution is tested by applying the volume formula for a solid of revolution using the EPE. The goodness of fit of the EPE was assessed using the adjusted root-mean-square error (RMSEadj). The relationship between the observed volume (Vobs) of each fruit, as measured by water displacement in a graduated cylinder, and the predicted volumes (Vpre) based on the EPE was also evaluated using the equation Vpre = slope * Vobs. All the RMSEadj values were smaller than 0.05, which demonstrated the validity of the EPE based on C. album fruit profiles. The 95% confidence interval of the slope of Vpre vs. Vobs included 1.0, indicating that there was no significant difference between Vpre and Vobs. The data confirm that C. album fruits are solids of revolution. This study provides a new approach for calculating the volume and surface area of geometrically similar fruits, which can be extended to other species with similar fruit geometries to further explore the ontogeny and evolution of angiosperm reproductive organs. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
001033135400001 |
Publication Date |
2023-07-25 |
Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2381-8107; 2381-8115 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
1.5 |
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
Not_Open_Access: Available from 24.01.2024 |
Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.5; 2023 IF: NA |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:198001 |
Serial |
8864 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Lian, M.; Shi, P.; Zhang, L.; Yao, W.; Gielis, J.; Niklas, K.J. |
Title |
A generalized performance equation and its application in measuring the Gini index of leaf size inequality |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Trees: structure and function |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
37 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1555-1565 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
Abstract |
The goal of this study is to provide a rigorous tool to quantify the inequality of the leaf size distribution of an individual plant, thereby serving as a reference trait for quantifying plant adaptations to local environmental conditions. The tool to be presented and tested employs three components: (1) a performance equation (PE), which can produce flexible asymmetrical and symmetrical bell-shaped curves, (2) the Lorenz curve (i.e., the cumulative proportion of leaf size vs. the cumulative proportion of number of leaves), which is the basis for calculating, and (3) the Gini index, which measures the inequality of leaf size distribution. We sampled 12 individual plants of a dwarf bamboo and measured the area and dry mass of each leaf of each plant. We then developed a generalized performance equation (GPE) of which the PE is a special case and fitted the Lorenz curve to leaf size distribution using the GPE and PE. The GPE performed better than the PE in fitting the Lorenz curve. We compared the Gini index of leaf area distribution with that of leaf dry mass distribution and found that there was a significant difference between the two indices that might emerge from the scaling relationship between leaf dry mass and area. Nevertheless, there was a strong correlation between the two Gini indices (r2 = 0.9846). This study provides a promising tool based on the GPE for quantifying the inequality of leaf size distributions across individual plants and can be used to quantify plant adaptations to local environmental conditions. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
001069570200001 |
Publication Date |
2023-08-26 |
Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0931-1890; 1432-2285 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
2.3 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
Not_Open_Access: Available from 26.02.2024 |
Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.3; 2023 IF: 1.842 |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:199562 |
Serial |
8874 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Huang, L.; Ratkowsky, D.A.; Hui, C.; Gielis, J.; Lian, M.; Shi, P. |
Title |
Inequality measure of leaf area distribution for a drought-tolerant landscape plant |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Plants |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
17 |
Pages |
3143-11 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
Abstract |
Measuring the inequality of leaf area distribution per plant (ILAD) can provide a useful tool for quantifying the influences of intra- and interspecific competition, foraging behavior of herbivores, and environmental stress on plants’ above-ground architectural structures and survival strategies. Despite its importance, there has been limited research on this issue. This paper aims to fill this gap by comparing four inequality indices to measure ILAD, using indices for quantifying household income that are commonly used in economics, including the Gini index (which is based on the Lorenz curve), the coefficient of variation, the Theil index, and the mean log deviation index. We measured the area of all leaves for 240 individual plants of the species Shibataea chinensis Nakai, a drought-tolerant landscape plant found in southern China. A three-parameter performance equation was fitted to observations of the cumulative proportion of leaf area vs. the cumulative proportion of leaves per plant to calculate the Gini index for each individual specimen of S. chinensis. The performance equation was demonstrated to be valid in describing the rotated and right shifted Lorenz curve, given that >96% of root-mean-square error values were smaller than 0.004 for 240 individual plants. By examining the correlation between any of the six possible pairs of indices among the Gini index, the coefficient of variation, the Theil index, and the mean log deviation index, the data show that these indices are closely related and can be used interchangeably to quantify ILAD. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
001065193100001 |
Publication Date |
2023-08-31 |
Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2223-7747 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
OpenAccess |
Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:199564 |
Serial |
8886 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Gielis, J. |
Title |
Simon Stevin as a central figure in the development of abstract algebra and generic programming |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Symmetry : culture and science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
155-168 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
Abstract |
Simon Stevin (1548-1620) is mainly known for the decimal system and his Clootkrans proof. His influence is also profound in infinitesimal calculus, mechanics, and even in abstract algebra and today’s conception of polynomials, algorithms, and generic programming. Here we review his influence as assessed in generic programming. According to Dr. Stepanov, one of the most influential researchers in generic programming, Stevin’s work on polynomials can be regarded as the essence of generic programming: an algorithm from one domain can be applied in another similar domain. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
001068714100003 |
Publication Date |
2023-07-11 |
Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0865-4824 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record |
Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
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Open Access |
Not_Open_Access: Available from 08.02.2024 |
Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:198000 |
Serial |
8929 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Li, Q.; Niklas, K.J.J.; Niinemets, U.; Zhang, L.; Yu, K.; Gielis, J.; Gao, J.; Shi, P. |
Title |
Stomatal shape described by a superellipse in four Magnoliaceae species |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Botany letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-9 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
Abstract |
Stomata are essential for the exchange of water vapour and atmospheric gases between vascular plants and their external environments. The stomatal geometries of many plants appear to be elliptical. However, prior studies have not tested whether this is a mathematical reality, particularly since many natural shapes that appear to be ellipses are superellipses with greater or smaller edge curvature than predicted for an ellipse. Compared with the ellipse equation, the superellipse equation includes an additional parameter that allows generation of a larger range of shapes. We randomly selected 240 stomata from each of four Magnoliaceae species to test whether the stomatal geometries are superellipses or ellipses. The stomatal geometries for most stomata (943/960) were found to be described better using the superellipse equation. The traditional “elliptical stomata hypothesis” resulted in an underestimation of the area of stomata, whereas the superellipse equation accurately predicted stomatal area. This finding has important implications for the estimation of stomatal area in studies looking at stomatal shape, geometry, and function. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
001024190300001 |
Publication Date |
2023-07-12 |
Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2381-8107; 2381-8115 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record |
Impact Factor |
1.5 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
Not_Open_Access: Available from 12.01.2024 |
Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.5; 2023 IF: NA |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:197847 |
Serial |
8935 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Zhang, L.; Quinn, B.K.; Hui, C.; Lian, M.; Gielis, J.; Gao, J.; Shi, P. |
Title |
New indices to balance α-diversity against tree size inequality |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Journal of forestry research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
35 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
31-39 |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
Abstract |
The number and composition of species in a community can be quantified with alpha-diversity indices, including species richness (R), Simpson's index (D), and the Shannon-Wiener index (HGREEK TONOS). In forest communities, there are large variations in tree size among species and individuals of the same species, which result in differences in ecological processes and ecosystem functions. However, tree size inequality (TSI) has been largely neglected in studies using the available diversity indices. The TSI in the diameter at breast height (DBH) data for each of 999 20 m x 20 m forest census quadrats was quantified using the Gini index (GI), a measure of the inequality of size distribution. The generalized performance equation was used to describe the rotated and right-shifted Lorenz curve of the cumulative proportion of DBH and the cumulative proportion of number of trees per quadrat. We also examined the relationships of alpha-diversity indices with the GI using correlation tests. The generalized performance equation effectively described the rotated and right-shifted Lorenz curve of DBH distributions, with most root-mean-square errors (990 out of 999 quadrats) being < 0.0030. There were significant positive correlations between each of three alpha-diversity indices (i.e., R, D, and H') and the GI. Nevertheless, the total abundance of trees in each quadrat did not significantly influence the GI. This means that the TSI increased with increasing species diversity. Thus, two new indices are proposed that can balance alpha-diversity against the extent of TSI in the community: (1 – GI) x D, and (1 – GI) x H'. These new indices were significantly correlated with the original D and HGREEK TONOS, and did not increase the extent of variation within each group of indices. This study presents a useful tool for quantifying both species diversity and the variation in tree sizes in forest communities, especially in the face of cumulative species loss under global climate change. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
001131698000001 |
Publication Date |
2023-12-28 |
Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1007-662x; 1993-0607 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record |
Impact Factor |
3 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 3; 2024 IF: 0.774 |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:201972 |
Serial |
9061 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Yao, W.; Hui, C.; Wang, L.; Wang, J.; Gielis, J.; Shi, P. |
Title |
Comparison of the performance of two polar equations in describing the geometries of elliptical fruits |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
A1 Journal article |
Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Botany letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Antwerp engineering, PhotoElectroChemistry & Sensing (A-PECS) |
Abstract |
In nature, the two-dimensional (2D) profiles of fruits from many plants often resemble ellipses. However, it remains unclear whether these profiles strictly adhere to the ellipse equation, as many natural shapes resembling ellipses are actually better described as superellipses. The superellipse equation, which includes an additional parameter n compared to the ellipse equation, can generate a broader range of shapes, with the ellipse being just a special case of the superellipse. To investigate whether the 2D profiles of fruits are better described by ellipses or superellipses, we collected a total of 751 mature and undamaged fruits from 31 naturally growing plants of Cucumis melo L. var. agrestis Naud. Our analysis revealed that most adjusted root-mean-square errors (> 92% of the 751 fruits) for fitting the superellipse equation to the fruit profiles were consistently less than 0.0165. Furthermore, there were 638 of the 751 fruits (ca. 85%) with the 95% confidence intervals of the estimated parameter n in the superellipse equation not including 2. These findings suggest that the profiles of C. melo var. agrestis fruits align more closely with the superellipse equation than with the ellipse equation. This study provides evidence for the existence of the superellipse in fruit profiles, which has significant implications for studying fruit geometries and estimating fruit volumes using the solid of revolution formula. Furthermore, this discovery may contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms driving the evolution of fruit shapes. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
001219634500001 |
Publication Date |
2024-05-08 |
Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2381-8107; 2381-8115 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record |
Impact Factor |
1.5 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.5; 2024 IF: NA |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:205955 |
Serial |
9140 |
Permanent link to this record |