“X-ray spectrometry”. Szalóki I, Török SB, Injuk J, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry 74, 2895 (2002). http://doi.org/10.1021/AC020241K
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/AC020241K
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“X-ray spectrometry”. Szalóki I, Török SB, Ro C-U, Injuk J, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry 72, 211 (2000). http://doi.org/10.1021/A1000018H
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/A1000018H
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“X-ray spectrometry”. Török S, Labar J, Schmeling M, Van Grieken R, Analytical chemistry 70, 495r (1998)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“X-ray spectrometry”. Török SB, Labar J, Injuk J, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry R68, 467 (1996)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“X-ray spectrometry”. Török SB, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry 64r, 180 (1992)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“X-ray spectrometry”. Markowicz AA, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry 62, 101r (1990). http://doi.org/10.1021/AC00211A001
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/AC00211A001
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“X-ray spectrometry”. Markowicz AA, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry 60, 28r (1988). http://doi.org/10.1021/AC00163A002
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/AC00163A002
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“X-ray spectrometry”. Markowicz AA, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry 58, 279r (1986). http://doi.org/10.1021/AC00296A019
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/AC00296A019
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“X-ray spectrometry”. Markowicz AA, Van Grieken RE, Reviews in analytical chemistry 56, 241r (1984)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“X-ray spectrometry for preventive conservation of cultural heritage”. Van Grieken R, Worobiec A, Pramåna: a journal of physics 72, 191 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1007/S12043-011-0041-3
Abstract: Analytical chemistry does play a key role in the chemical characterization of the environment and it appears that X-ray spectrometry, in its many forms, is one of the most relevant analytical techniques in preventive conservation, as it is in cultural heritage research in general. X-ray spectrometry has indeed been the method of choice for the characterization of the inorganic composition of atmospheric aerosols, for a long time. We have, over the last decade, intensively used various forms of X-ray spectrometry, viz., mostly energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, e.g. with polarized high-energy beam excitation, and automated electron probe X-ray microanalysis, together with other techniques, to identify particle types and their sources in indoor environments, including museums, while gaseous indoor pollutants were assessed using passive diffusion samplers. In each case, both bulk aerosols and individual aerosol particles were studied. For microanalysis of single particles, we have investigated a dozen techniques, but for wide, real-life applications, automated electron probe X-ray microanalysis is the most rewarding. We have first studied atmospheric aerosols in and around the Correr Museum in Venice, many other museums in Austria, Japan and England, and in the caves with prehistoric rock paintings in Altamira, Spain. Very recently, measurements were done in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and theWawel Castle in Cracow, in Italian and Polish mountain churches, in a number of museums in Belgium and the Netherlands, and in cathedrals with medieval stained glass windows. In the Correr museum, it appeared that the particles most threatening for the Bellini paintings were released by the deteriorating plaster renderings, and this could be avoided by simply improving the rendering on the museum walls. In the Wawel Castle, outdoor pollution particles, like fine soot from diesel traffic, entering via leaks in the windows and doors, and also street-deicing salts and coal burning pollution particles, brought in by visitors, mostly in winter, were found to be most worrisome. Urgent questions that are not solved at this moment pertain to the deposition processes from the atmosphere to the cultural heritage items, the critical surface interactions that take place on these items, and the establishment of suitable particle concentration standards.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
DOI: 10.1007/S12043-011-0041-3
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“Elemental composition of PM2.5 in Araraquara City (Southeast Brazil) during seasons with and without sugar cane burning”. Silva FS, Godoi RHM, Tauler R, de André, PA, Saldiva PHN, Van Grieken R, de Marchi MRR, Journal of environmental protection 6, 426 (2015). http://doi.org/10.4236/JEP.2015.65041
Abstract: Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter below 2.5 μm (PM2.5), present in polluted air, has been associated with a large spectrum of health impairments, mainly because of its deep deposition into the lungs. Araraquara City (Southeast Brazil) is surrounded by sugar-cane plantations, which are burned to facilitate the harvesting; this process causes environmental pollution due to the large amounts of soot that are released into the atmosphere. In this work, the elemental composition of PM2.5 was studied in two scenarios, namely in sugar-cane harvesting (HV) and in non-harvesting (NHV) seasons. The sampling strategy included one campaign in each season. PM2.5 was collected using a dichotomous sampler (10 L·min-1, 24 h) with PTFE filters. Information concerning the bulk elemental concentration was provided by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Enrichment factor analysis indicated that S, Cl, K, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb were highly enriched relative to their crustal ratios (to Al). Principal component analysis was used to get some insight about the sources of the elements. Principal component 1 (PC1) explained 30.5% of data variance. The elements that had high loading (>0.7) were: S, Cr, As, and Pb; these are associated with combustion of fossil fuels. In principal component 2 (PC2), Cl, Cu, Zn, and Cd showed high loadings; these elements are associated with biomass burning. The Ni concentration found is three times larger than the threshold of risk for lung cancer, as recommended by the World Health Organization.
Keywords: A2 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.4236/JEP.2015.65041
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“Fijn stof en pollutiegassen in de binnenlucht”. Van Grieken R, Stranger M, ARGUS milieumagazine 4, 18 (2006)
Keywords: A2 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Gevolgen van luchtverontreiniging op historische gebouwen”. Roekens E, Van Grieken R, Ons erfdeel 30, 361 (1987)
Keywords: A2 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Die risikoprofiel van Pb en Cr in stedelike padstof”. Potgieter-Vermaak S, Van Grieken R, Potgieter H, Litnet akademies : 'n joernaal vir die geesteswetenskappe 9, 1 (2012)
Abstract: The risk profile of Cr and Pb in urban road deposited sediment Exponential urbanisation and industrial growth occur on a global scale and result in an ecological burden, of which one important part is pollution. It is well known that the extent of air pollution has escalated over the past two decades in several parts of the world, despite mitigating measures and legislation. Current research points to the fact that air pollution in urban and industrial areas is substantially different from that found in rural areas. Road dust (RD) contributes up to 35% of airborne particulate matter due to resuspension thereof, and poses a health concern due to carcinogenic and toxic components potentially present in the micron-sized fractions. Although literature does report on the concentrations of trace, toxic metals and metalloids present in RD (Hooker and Nathanail 2006), the molecular make-up of particulates generated due to the resuspension of the RD is not well documented. In vitro and animal toxicological studies have confirmed that the chemical composition of inhaled particles plays a major role in its toxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic mechanisms, but the component-specific toxic effects are still not understood. Transition metals binding to air particle matter can result in reactive oxygen species in the human body (particularly in the lungs), and this is a significant risk, especially for vulnerable population groups like elderly people, children and terminally ill patients. The characterisation of the molecular composition of the fine fraction is evidently of importance for public health. During an earlier study, road dust from an inner-city environment in the UK was collected and partially characterised (Barrett e.a. 2010). These same-size fractions were analysed for their elemental concentrations, using X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRFS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). In addition, single-particle analysis was performed on the different fractions by means of Computer Controlled Electron Probe X-ray Micro Analysis (CC-EPXMA) and their molecular structure probed by studying elemental associations. These findings were correlated with Micro Raman Spectroscopy (MRS) results. It was found that the fine fraction (<38 μm) had the highest Pb (238 ppm) and Cr (171 ppm) concentrations. The CC-EPXMA data showed >50% association of Cr-rich particles with Pb and the MRS data showed that the Cr was mostly present as lead chromate and therefore in the Cr(VI) oxidation state. Concentrations of both Pb and Cr decreased substantially (279 (<38 mm) 13 ppm (<1mm); 171 (<38 mm) 91 ppm (<1mm) respectively) in the larger fractions. Apart from rather alarmingly high concentrations of oxidative stressors (Cu, Fe, Mn), the carcinogenic and toxic potential of the inhalable fraction is evident. Preliminary bioaccessibility data indicated that both Cr and Pb are readily
Keywords: A2 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“L'analyse des eaux géothermales par spectrométrie de masse à, étincelles”. Vandelannoote R, Blommaert W, van Grieken R, Gijbels R, Spectra 2000: la revue de l'instrumentation 53, 66 (1979)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Analysis of geothermal waters by spark source mass spectrometry”. Vandelannoote R, Blommaert W, Gijbels R, van Grieken R, Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 309, 291 (1981). http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00488604
Abstract: Although the analysis of thermal water by spark-source mass spectrometry (SSMS) is rather timeconsuming, it allows the detection of about 20 elements of geochemical interest down to the ppb-level. A physical preconcentration is proposed in order to collect elements having quite different chemical properties, e.g. alkalis, transition elements, and elements occurring in anionic form. The relative sensitivity factors appear to be rather independent of the salt content of the graphite electrodes. Contrary to neutron activation analysis, SSMS has a quite uniform elemental sensitivity, and allows to determine elements for which neutron activation is not suitable, e.g. Sn and Pb. The precision of SSMS is however by a factor of about 2 worse than that obtained for neutron activation.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Times cited: 8
DOI: 10.1007/BF00488604
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“Relative evaluation of neutron activation, X-ray fluorescence and spark source mass spectrometry for multi-element analysis of geothermal waters”. Blommaert W, Vandelannoote R, Van 't dack L, Gijbels R, van Grieken R, Journal of radioanalytical chemistry 57, 382 (1980)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Statistical grouping and controlling factors of dissolved trace elements in a surface water system”. Vandelannoote R, Blommaert W, Van 't dack L, Gijbels R, van Grieken R, Environmental technology letters 4, 363 (1983). http://doi.org/10.1080/09593338309384219
Abstract: Sensitive multi‐element analytical techniques were applied to determine 24 dissolved trace components in 25 different water samples from a 10 km2 zone in Brittany, France. Correspondence factor and multiple regression analyses showed that the elements considered are influenced mainly by the presence of: Fe‐Mn oxide accumulations, a local poly‐metallic sulfide mineralization, and non‐mineralized host rocks, agricultural activity and abundant organic material in local swamps. Via these numerical techniques the location of the poly‐metallic ore body can be derived from the data set.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.1080/09593338309384219
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“Cultural heritage research in “The Micro and Trace Analysis Center&rdquo, of the University of Antwerp”. Godoi RHM, Kontozova V, Godoi AFL, Bencs L, Spolnik Z, Janssens K, Van Grieken R, Coalition 7, 11 (2004)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Micro-analysis of artists' pigments by grazing-emission X-ray fluorescence spectrometry”. Claes M, van Ham R, Janssens K, Van Grieken R, Klockenkämper R, von Bohlen A, Advances in X-ray analysis 41, 262 (1999)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“XRS activities at the Micro &, Trace Analysis Centre (MiTAC), University of Antwerp, Belgium”. Padilla R, Janssens K, van Espen P, Van Grieken R, IAEA XRF newsletter 12, 13 (2006)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
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“2,2′-Diaminodiethylamine cellulose powder for trace metal preconcentrations from water”. Reggers C, Van Grieken R, Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 317, 520 (1984). http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00511918
Abstract: Cellulose powder with 2,2′-diaminodiethylamine (DEN) functional groups exhibits efficient complexation of transition metal cations. Collection yields above 85 % are obtained up to a chelation capacity of 1.5 meq per gram. Since a good collection is obtained for a pH up from 5, no pH adjustments have to be made for natural water samples. The cellulose-DEN powder is insensitive to abundant substances like alkali and alkaline earth ions, and humic matter. Some cations can be eluted efficiently in a small volume of HNO3. Blank concentration levels from the cellulose-DEN powder are reported.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/BF00511918
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“Aerosol composition as a function of particle size”. Koleleni YIA, Van Grieken R, Tanzanian journal of science 19, 49 (1993)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Aerosol-soil fractionation for Namib desert samples”. Eltayeb MAH, Van Grieken RE, Maenhaut W, Annegarn HAJ, Journal of aersol science 23, 983 (1992)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Analysis of biological materials from Tanzania by total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) analysis”. Koleleni YIA, Van Grieken R, Tanzania journal of science 16, 143 (1990)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Analysis of individual aerosol particles in Siberian region: provisional results”. van Malderen H, Van Grieken R, Khodzher TV, Bufetov NS, Koutsenogii KP, Atmospheric and oceanic optics 7, 622 (1994)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Analytical study of the weathering of building stones under field-exposure conditions”. Van Grieken R, Vleugels G, Sweevers E, Dewolfs R, European cultural heritage newsletter on research 8, 2 (1994)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Applications of laser microprobe mass analysis in medicine”. Verbueken AH, van de Vijver FL, de Broe ME, Van Grieken RE, CRC critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences 24, 263 (1987)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
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“Aspectos geoquimicos da Formaçao Longa (Devoniano Superior do Piaui-Maranhao)”. Duarte PJ, Mabesoone JM, Van Grieken R, Delgado A, Estudos geologicos 3, 79 (1979)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Assessment of atmospheric particles emitted from sugar cane burning in Southeast Brazil”. Godoi RHM, Godoi AFL, Andrade SJ, Santiago-Silva M, de Hoog J, Worobiec A, Van Grieken R, Journal od aerosol science , S749 (2003)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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