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“Electron microscopy investigation of superconducting La2Cu(O,F)4+y oxyfluoride”. Weill F, Chevalier B, Chambon M, Tressaud A, Darriet B, Etourneau J, Van Tendeloo G, European journal of solid state and inorganic chemistry 30, 1095 (1993)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Times cited: 2
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“Electron microscopy and mass-spectrometry study of In0.72Ga0.28As0.62P0.38 lasers grown by liquid phase epitaxy”. Luyten W, Volkov VV, van Landuyt J, Amelinckx S, Férauge C, Gijbels R, Vasilev MG, Shelyakin AA, Lazarev VB, Physica status solidi: A: applied research 140, 453 (1993). http://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2211400216
Abstract: Broad area as well as buried heterostructure lasers based on In0.72Ga0.28As0.62P0.38/InP and emitting at 1.3 mum are grown by liquid phase epitaxy and are studied in detail by means of transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, secondary ion mass-spectrometry, and electroluminescence. The InGaAsP epilayer is found to be well lattice-matched and of good structural quality. A tentative explanation is presented for the spinodal decomposition observed in the InGaAsP alloy. We also report on the high performance characteristics of the infrared lasers.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Times cited: 3
DOI: 10.1002/pssa.2211400216
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“Electron microscopy and mass-spectrometry study of In GaAsP/InP heterostructures (p-i-n diodes) grown by liquid phase epitaxy”. Volkov VV, Luyten W, van Landuyt J, Férauge C, Oksenoid KG, Gijbels R, Vasilev MG, Shelyakin AA, Lazarev VB, Physica status solidi: A: applied research 140, 73 (1993). http://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2211400105
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Times cited: 7
DOI: 10.1002/pssa.2211400105
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“Electron microscopy and energy-loss spectroscopy of voidites in pure IaB diamonds”. Luyten W, Van Tendeloo G, Fallon PJ, Woods GS, Philosophical magazine: A: physics of condensed matter: defects and mechanical properties 69, 767 (1994). http://doi.org/10.1080/01418619408242517
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Times cited: 7
DOI: 10.1080/01418619408242517
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“Electron microscopic study of long period ordering in complex oxides”. Amelinckx S, Nistor LC, Van Tendeloo G s.l., page 1 (1994).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
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“Electron microprobe observations of recrystallization affecting PIXE-analysis of marine aerosol deposits”. Storms H, Van Dyck P, Van Grieken R, Maenhaut W, Journal of trace and microprobe techniques 2, 103 (1985)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Electron microprobe characterization of individual aerosol particles collected by aircraft above the Southern Bight of the North Sea”. Rojas CM, Van Grieken RE, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 26a, 1231 (1992). http://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(92)90384-W
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90384-W
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“Electron microprobe analysis of suspended matter in the Angola Basin”. Bernard P, Eisma D, Van Grieken R, Journal of sea research 41, 19 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1016/S1385-1101(98)00043-4
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S1385-1101(98)00043-4
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“Electron energy-loss spectroscopy and its application to individual particle analysis”. Xhoffer C, Jacob W, Van Grieken R, Broekaert JAC, Buseck P, (1992)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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Guzzinati G, Das PP, Zompra A A., Nicopoulos S, Verbeeck J (2020) Electron energy loss spectra of several organic compounds
Abstract: We placed crystals of different compounds to explore the possibility of fingerprinting them through EELS. Here are representative datasets of 7 different compounds: b-cyclodextrin hexacarboxy cyclohexane tannin TH-15 peptide TH-27 peptide two different forms of piroxicam The datasets were collected at EMAT, using a monochromated FEI Titan3 TEM, within the scope of an EUSMI request. More information as well as analysis methodologies adopted for the data are detailed in the paper: Das et al. “Reliable Characterization of Organic & Pharmaceutical Compounds with High Resolution Monochromated EEL Spectroscopy”, Polymers 2020, 12(7), 1434.
Keywords: Dataset; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3975761
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“Electron diffraction evidence for ordering of interstitial silver ions in silver bromide microcrystals”. Goessens C, Schryvers D, van Dyck D, van Landuyt J, de Keyzer R, Icem 13 (1994)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
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“Electron correlation effects in quantum dots”. Matulis A, Peeters FM, , 1875 (1995)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
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Guzzinati G, Ghielens W, Mahr C, Bé,ché, A, Rosenauer A, Calders T, Verbeeck J (2019) Electron Bessel beam diffraction patterns, line scan of Si/SiGe multilayer
Keywords: Dataset; ADReM Data Lab (ADReM); Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.2566137
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“Electromagnetic modeling and design of a novel class of complementary split‐ring resonators”. Martínez-Dueñas EJR, de Jong van Coevorden CM, Stukach OV, Panokin NV, Gielis J, Caratelli D, International journal of RF and microwave computer-aided engineering 29, e21582 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1002/MMCE.21582
Abstract: This research study reports the assessment of complementary split ring resonators based on Gielis transformation as basic elements for the design of high‐performance microwave components in printed technology. From the electromagnetic simulation of said structures, suitable equivalent circuit models are extracted and analyzed. Physical prototypes are fabricated and tested for design validation. The obtained results confirm that the adoption of supershaped geometries enables the synthesis of very compact scalable microwave filters.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1002/MMCE.21582
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“Electromagnetic mathematical modeling of 3D supershaped dielectric lens antennas”. Mescia L, Bia P, Caratelli D, Chiapperino MA, Stukach O, Gielis J, Mathematical problems in engineering: theory, methods, and applications , 8130160 (2016). http://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8130160
Abstract: The electromagnetic analysis of a special class of 3D dielectric lens antennas is described in detail. This new class of lens antennas has a geometrical shape defined by the three-dimensional extension of Gielis formula. The analytical description of the lens shape allows the development of a dedicated semianalytical hybrid modeling approach based on geometrical tube tracing and physical optic. In order to increase the accuracy of the model, the multiple reflections occurring within the lens are also taken into account.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1155/2016/8130160
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“Electromagnetic characterization of supershaped lens antennas for high-frequency applications”. Bia P, Caratelli D, Mescia L, Gielis J page 1679 (2013).
Keywords: H1 Book chapter; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
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“Electrochemical strategies for the detection of forensic drugs”. Florea A, De Jong M, De Wael K, Current opinion in electrochemistry 11, 34 (2018). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.COELEC.2018.06.014
Abstract: Illicit drugs consumption and trafficking is spread worldwide and remains an increasing challenge for local authorities. Forensic drugs and their metabolites are released into wastewaters due to human excretion after illegal consumption of drugs and occasionally due to disposal of clandestine laboratory wastes into sewage systems, being recently classified as the latest group of emerging pollutants. Hence, it is essential to have efficient and accurate methods to detect these type of compounds in seized street samples, biological fluids and wastewaters in order to reduce and prevent trafficking and consumption and negative effects on aquatic systems. Electrochemical strategies offer a fast, portable, low-cost and accurate alternative to chromatographic and spectrometric methods, for the analysis of forensic drugs and metabolites in different matrices. Recent electrochemical strategies applied to the detection of illicit drugs in wastewaters, biological fluids and street samples are presented in this review, together with the impact of drug consumption on the environment.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Times cited: 7
DOI: 10.1016/J.COELEC.2018.06.014
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Schram J (2024) Electrochemical sensing strategies for multiple illicit drugs. 290 p
Abstract: Today, illicit drugs are omnipresent in society. Clandestine markets are growing faster than ever before, record amounts of cocaine are seized in seaports and airports, while the associated violence is spiralling out of control. In addition, drug monitoring centres worldwide are warning for the increasing complexity of the drug markets, as the traditionally popular drugs are joined by countless new synthetic variants, while medical drugs are also increasingly being abused. In order to provide services confronted with illicit drug samples (police, customs, forensic scientists, first responders, …) with important information on the identity of an unknown sample, suitable analytical tests are required. While these exist for laboratory environments, on-site applicable tests are important to accelerate the decision-making process. Electrochemical sensors have all the advantages required for such on-site tests: they are fast, portable, easy-to-use and reliable. Furthermore, they are not influenced by colours, which are frequently added to drug samples to deceive the existing tests. Previous work has mainly focussed on the detection of a single drug per analysis. However, many drugs could be encountered due to the diversity of the drug markets. Therefore, this project developed electrochemical strategies for the detection of multiple drugs simultaneously. First, the electrochemical behaviour of the individual drugs was studied in different measuring conditions (assessing the influence of pH, concentration and temperature). Then, all findings and strategies were combined to detect multiple targets simultaneously. An electrochemical sensor was developed for the four most popular drugs at music festivals: cocaine, MDMA, amphetamine and ketamine. This sensor generates a so-called ‘superfingerprint’ of the sample, which is then automatically interpreted by a developed algorithm in order to produce a straightforward output. Finally, a pill analysis sensor was developed in the context of drug checking services, where a consumer can anonymously have a sample chemically analysed to obtain information on the composition, dose and potentially harmful additives. The sensor achieved an outstanding accuracy in identifying the main component and provided the option to quantify, as well as an indication on the presence of other substances in the sample. The project’s findings demonstrate the potential for electrochemistry in illicit drug detection and provide a basis for the development of new sensors, targeting other drug combinations.
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; Pharmacology. Therapy; Engineering sciences. Technology; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
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“Electrochemical sensing of amphetamine-type stimulants (pre)-precursors to fight against the illicit production of synthetic drugs”. Montiel FN, Parrilla M, Sleegers N, Van Durme F, van Nuijs ALN, De Wael K, Electrochimica acta 436, 141446 (2022). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ELECTACTA.2022.141446
Abstract: The illicit drug precursor market for the manufacture of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS), mainly amphetamine, methamphetamine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), has emerged quickly in the last years. The evidence of a more complex and sophisticated drug market underlines the pressing need for new on-site methods to quickly detect precursors of synthetic drugs, with electrochemical analysis as a promising technique. Herein, the electrochemical fingerprints of ten common ATS precursors-3-oxo-2-phenylbutanenitrile (APAAN), 3-oxo-2-phenylbutanamide (APAA), methyl 3-oxo-2-phenylbutanoate (MAPA), benzyl methyl ketone (BMK), 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)propan-2-one (PMK), ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, safrole, sassafras oil and piperonal- are reported for the first time. The electrochemical screening disclosed the redox inactivity of BMK, which is an essential starting material for the production of ATS. Therefore, the local derivatization of BMK at an electrode surface by reductive amination is presented as a feasible solution to enrich its electrochemical fingerprint. To prove that, the resulting mixture was analyzed using a set of chromatographic techniques to understand the reaction mechanism and to identify possible electrochemical active products. Two reaction products (i.e. methamphetamine and 1-phenylpropan-2-ol) were found and characterized using mass spectrometry and electrochemical methods. Subsequently, the optimization of the reaction parameters was carefully addressed to set the portable electrochemical sensing strategy. Ultimately, the analysis concept was validated for the qualitative identification of ATS precursors in seizures from a forensic institute. Overall, the electrochemical approach demonstrates to be a useful and affordable analytical tool for the early identification of ATS precursors to prevent trafficking and drug manufacture in clandestine laboratories.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Toxicological Centre; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
DOI: 10.1016/J.ELECTACTA.2022.141446
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“Electrochemical rapid detection of methamphetamine from confiscated samples using a graphene-based printed platform”. Truta F, Drăgan A-M, Tertis M, Parrilla M, Slosse A, Van Durme F, De Wael K, Cristea C, Sensors 23, 6193 (2023). http://doi.org/10.3390/S23136193
Abstract: Methamphetamine (MAP) is a highly addictive and illegal stimulant drug that has a significant impact on the central nervous system. Its detection in biological and street samples is crucial for various organizations involved in forensic medicine, anti-drug efforts, and clinical diagnosis. In recent years, nanotechnology and nanomaterials have played a significant role in the development of analytical sensors for MAP detection. In this study, a fast, simple, and cost-effective electrochemical sensor is presented that is used for the sensitive detection of MAP in confiscated street samples with a complex matrix. The optimized screen-printed sensor based on a carbon working electrode modified with graphene demonstrated an excellent limit of detection, good sensitivity, and a wide dynamic range (1–500 μM) for the target illicit drug both for standard solutions and real samples (seized samples, tap water, and wastewater samples). It can detect MAP at concentrations as low as 300 nM in real samples. This limit of detection is suitable for the rapid preliminary screening of suspicious samples in customs, ports, airports, and on the street. Furthermore, the sensor exhibits a good recovery rate, indicating its reliability and repeatability. This quality is crucial for ensuring consistent and accurate results during screening processes.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
DOI: 10.3390/S23136193
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“Electrochemical methods for on-site multidrug detection at festivals”. Van Echelpoel R, Schram J, Parrilla M, Daems D, Slosse A, Van Durme F, De Wael K, Sensors &, Diagnostics 1, 793 (2022). http://doi.org/10.1039/D2SD00043A
Abstract: Two electrochemical methodologies, i.e. flowchart and dual-sensor, were developed to aid law enforcement present at festivals to obtain a rapid indication of the presence of four illicit drugs in suspicious samples encountered.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
DOI: 10.1039/D2SD00043A
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“Electrochemical detection of illicit drugs in oral fluid : potential for forensic drug testing”. Joosten F, Parrilla M, van Nuijs ALN, Ozoemena KId, De Wael K, Electrochimica acta 2022, 141309 (2022). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ELECTACTA.2022.141309
Abstract: Illicit drugs continue to pose a serious threat to society and public health. Drug (ab)use is linked to organised crime and violence. Therefore, to fight the so-called war on drugs, police and law enforcement agencies need to be equipped with accurate and efficient sensors for the detection of illicit drugs and drug use. Even though colour tests (for powders) and lateral flow immunoassays (for biological samples) lack accuracy, they are relied upon for fast and easy on-site detection. Alternatively, in recent years, there has been an increasing interest in electrochemical sensors as a promising technique for the rapid and accurate on-site detection of illicit drugs. While a myriad of literature exists on the use of electrochemical sensors for drug powder analysis, literature on their use for the detection of drug use in biological samples is scarce. To this end, this review presents an overview of strategies for the electrochemical detection of illicit drugs in oral fluid. First, pharmacokinetics of drugs in oral fluid and the legal limit dilemma regarding the analytical cut-offs for roadside drug detection tests are elaborated to present the reader with the background knowledge required to develop such a test. Subsequently, an overview of electrochemical strategies developed for the detection of illicit drugs in oral fluid is given. Importantly, key challenges to address in the development of roadside tests are highlighted to improve the design of the next electrochemical devices and to bring them to the field. Overall, electrochemical sensors for illicit drugs detection in oral fluid show promise to disrupt current strategies for roadside testing.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; Engineering sciences. Technology; Toxicological Centre; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
DOI: 10.1016/J.ELECTACTA.2022.141309
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Blust RJP, Dardenne F, De Wael K, Nagels L, Van Camp G (2013) Electrochemical aptasensors with a gelatin B matrix : EP13175128
Abstract: An aptamer-based electrochemical sensor, wherein said aptamer is covalently bonded to or chemisorbed on an electrode, said aptamer forming a robust complex with a target molecule and is encapsulated by a gelatin B matrix; a method of manufacturing an aptamer-based electrochemical sensor for determining a concentration of a target molecule comprising the steps of: selecting an aptamer to form a robust complex with a target molecule using the SELEX procedure; synthesizing said aptamer; adsorbing said aptamer on or covalently coupling said aptamer with an electrode; and providing a gelatin B matrix for said aptamer on said electrode thereby realising said aptamer-based potentiometric or amperometric sensor; and the use of the aptamer-based electrochemical sensor produced according to the above method for the electrochemical determination of a concentration of 15 the target molecule.
Keywords: Patent; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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De Luca F, Abate S, Bogaerts A, Centi G (2024) Electrified CO2 conversion : integrating experimental, computational, and process simulation methods for sustainable chemical synthesis. xv, 152 p
Abstract: Nowadays, the burning of fossil fuels, particularly petroleum, natural gas, and coal, meets the rising need for power and fuels for automobiles and industries. This has given rise to ecological and climate challenges. This thesis explores these issues from three distinct perspectives: (i) experimental, (ii) computational, and (iii) process simulation, with a focus on studying CO2 as an alternative and economically viable raw material. Firstly, the experimental study is focused on the synthesis, characterization, and testing of novel catalysts for electroreduction of CO2 and oxalic acid, an intermediate product of CO2. Electrocatalysts based on Cu supported by citrus (orange and lemon) peel biomass are prepared. These catalysts exhibit activity in the electrochemical reduction of CO2, emphasizing the effectiveness of biomasses, particularly orange peels, as environmentally friendly precursors for sustainable and efficient electrocatalysts. In addition, graphitic carbon nitrides/TiO2 nanotubes (g-C3N4/TiNT) composites are prepared for the electrocatalytic reduction of oxalic acid to glycolic acid, revealing superior electrocatalytic properties compared to pristine TiNT. Characterization by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electronic microscopy were performed for all the prepared electrocatalysts. Delving into the reduction of CO2 on Cu catalysts, a computational study about the synthesis of methanol on Cu(111) surface is performed by using the Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package. A systematic study is carried out to define the activation energies of the elementary reactions by using mGGA DF. Consequently, it is shown that the rate-controlling step is CH3O* hydrogenation and the formate pathway on Cu(111) proceeds through the HCOOH* intermediate. Finally, the process simulation, performed by using the software Aspen Plus 11 from AspenTech Inc., is based on the comparison of a catalytic (oxidation of ethylene glycol) and an electrocatalytic process (CO2 electroreduction chain) to synthesize glycolic acid. An economic analysis of the operational and investment costs reveals that the catalytic process is more cost-effective due to the current instability of electrocatalysts and proton exchange membranes, resulting in increased maintenance costs and, consequently, higher prices for the product.
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Electric field gradient calculations in ZnO samples implanted with 111In(111Cd)”. Abreu Y, Cruz CM, van Espen P, Pérez C, Piñera I, Leyva A, Cabal AE, Solid state communications 152, 399 (2012). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SSC.2011.12.001
Abstract: A first-principles study of the electric field gradient (EFG) calculated for ideal and In-111(Cd-111) implanted ZnO samples is reported in the present work. The study was made for ZnO ideal hexagonal structures and supercells were introduced in order to consider the possible implantation environments. The calculation was done using the “WIEN2k” code within the density functional theory, the exchange and correlation effects were determined by the GGA approximation. Three possible In-111(Cd-111) implantation configurations were studied, one substitutional incorporation at cation site and two interstitials. The obtained EFG values for the ideal structure and the substitutional site are in good agreement with the experimental reports measured by perturbed angular correlation (PAC) and high precision nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Thus, the ascription of substitutional incorporation of In-111(Cd-111) probe atom at the ZnO cation site after annealing was confirmed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.SSC.2011.12.001
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“Elaborating the membrane life concept in a full scale hollow-fibers MBR”. Fenu A, De Wilde W, Gaertner M, Weemaes M, de Gueldre G, van de Steene B, Journal of membrane science 421, 349 (2012). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.MEMSCI.2012.08.001
Abstract: The membrane life-time has a strong impact on competitivity and viability of MBRs. This study critically analyzes the membrane life-time concept, approaching it through different assessment methods. A full scale MBR's membrane life-time was assessed on the following: (i) maintaining the permeate flow throughput to the MBR; (ii) the permeability decline; (iii) oxidative aging; (iv) the increase in energy costs; and (v) mechanical aging. The method based on permeability decline provides a membrane life-time estimate up to a theoretical end. It was further elaborated inherently to operations with no long-term flux decline. The increase in operating pressure remains the main end-of-life trigger for deciding when to replace membrane modules. On the contrary, mechanical and permeate flow throughput analysis of the data are not able to provide a clear estimate of the membrane life-time. As for the membrane life-time estimation based on chlorine contact, it was found to be too optimistic. Complete irreversible fouling occurs before maximum contact time with chlorine is reached. At end-of-life operating conditions, the energy consumption raised of 170% due to the reduced flow rate. The cost raise appears high but still affordable. Earlier membrane replacement thus can never be counterbalanced by energy costs saving. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1016/J.MEMSCI.2012.08.001
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“Einfluss verschiedener Silbersalze auf die Farbintensität von Silbergelb : analytische Untersuchungen”. De Vis K, Jembrih-Simbürger D, Schalm O, Schreiner M, Caen J, Zeitschrift für Kunsttechnologie und Konservierung 16, 147 (2002)
Keywords: A2 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Efficient separation of acetate and formate by ion chromatography: application to air samples in a cultural heritage environment”. Kontozova-Deutsch V, Krata A, Deutsch F, Bencs L, Van Grieken R, Talanta : the international journal of pure and applied analytical chemistry 75, 418 (2008). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.TALANTA.2007.11.025
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.TALANTA.2007.11.025
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“Efficient iron phosphide catalyst as a counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells”. Yildiz A, Chouki T, Atli A, Harb M, Verbruggen SW, Ninakanti R, Emin S, ACS applied energy materials 4, 10618 (2021). http://doi.org/10.1021/ACSAEM.1C01628
Abstract: Developing an efficient material as a counter electrode (CE) with excellent catalytic activity, intrinsic stability, and low cost is essential for the commercial application of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Transition metal phosphides have been demonstrated as outstanding multifunctional catalysts in a broad range of energy conversion technologies. Here, we exploited different phases of iron phosphide as CEs in DSSCs with an I–/I3–-based electrolyte. Solvothermal synthesis using a triphenylphosphine precursor as a phosphorus source allows to grow a Fe2P phase at 300 °C and a FeP phase at 350 °C. The obtained iron phosphide catalysts were coated on fluorine-doped tin oxide substrates and heat-treated at 450 °C under an inert gas atmosphere. The solar-to-current conversion efficiency of the solar cells assembled with the Fe2P material reached 3.96 ± 0.06%, which is comparable to the device assembled with a platinum (Pt) CE. DFT calculations support the experimental observations and explain the fundamental origin behind the improved performance of Fe2P compared to FeP. These results indicate that the Fe2P catalyst exhibits excellent performance along with desired stability to be deployed as an efficient Pt-free alternative in DSSCs.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1021/ACSAEM.1C01628
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“Efficiency calibartion of energy-dispersive detectors for application in quantitative x- and γ-ray spectrometry”. Szalóki I, Szegedi S, Varga K, Braun M, Osán J, Van Grieken R, X-ray spectrometry 30, 49 (2001). http://doi.org/10.1002/XRS.467
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/XRS.467
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