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Xhoffer, C.; Wouters, L.; Artaxo, P.; van Put, A.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Title |
Characterization of individual environmental particles by beam techniques |
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H3 Book chapter |
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1992 |
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107-143
T2 - Environmental particles, volume 1 / B |
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H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:2853 |
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7623 |
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Author |
Yang, T. |
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Title |
Characterization of Laves phase structural evolution and regulation of its precipitation behavior in Al-Zn-Mg based alloys |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2023 |
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ii, 106 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Al-Zn-Mg-based high strength alloys are widely used in aerospace applications due to their low density and excellent mechanical properties. A systematic study of the structural evolution of the nano-precipitation phase and its growth mechanism is an important guide for the design of new high-strength alloys. In this work, the Laves structure precipitates in Al-Zn-Mg(-Cu/Y) alloy was systematically characterized. Based on the structure evolution, the structure of submicron Laves particles and quasicrystalline particles in the alloy at microscale, as well as the regulation of the precipitation behavior after adding Y at nanoscale were further investigated. The main innovative results are summarized as follows: (1) Investigation on coexistence of defect structures in Laves structural nanoprecipitates. Three types of Laves structures can coexist within the η-MgZn2 precipitates: C14, C15 and C36, and the Laves structure transition sequence of C14→C36→C15 in this system was determined. Meanwhile, it was found that there are diverse defect structures in the MgZn2 phase, including stacking faults, planar defects and five-fold domain structures, which have significant effects on relieving the internal stress/strain of the precipitates. (2) Investigation on multiple phase transition of Laves structural nanoprecipitates from C14 to C36 and from C14 to quasicrystal clusters. It is found that C14 precipitates can be completely transformed into the C36 precipitates. And it is also found that the C14 Laves phase structure can also transform into quasicrystalline clusters. These investigations on various phase transition mechanisms among Laves phases provide theoretical support for the microstructural characterization of materials containing multi-scale Laves phases. (3) Characterization of Laves and quasicrystal structural particles in submicron scale. Submicron-scale quasicrystal particles were obtained in conventional casting Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys for the first time. Industrial impurity elements Fe and Ni can induce the formation of quasicrystalline particles. When there is no Fe/Ni enriched in particles, the structure is characterized as C15-Laves phase. When Fe/Ni is as quasicrystalline core, a stable core-shell quasicrystalline structure with Al-Fe-Ni nucleus and Mg-Cu-Zn shell can be formed. (4) Investigation on the regulation of nanoscale Laves precipitates’ growth. To regulate the defect structure of the precipitates, rare earth element Y was added in Al-Zn-Mg alloys and its influence on the precipitation behavior was investigated. The addition of Y element can dynamically combine with different alloying elements during aging process, which can refine the size of precipitate and further improve the nucleation rate and precipitation rate of the precipitates. |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:196404 |
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7631 |
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Godoi, R.H.M.; Lima Bittencourt, A.V.; Hirata, P.Y.; Jafelicci Junior, M.; dos Reis Neto, J.M.; Van Grieken, R. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Characterization of the ionic and particulate systems in the reservoir |
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H2 Book chapter |
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2014 |
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143-159
T2 - Reservoir eutrophication : preventive |
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H2 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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9781780406473 |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:119046 |
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7634 |
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Monico, L.; Hendriks, E.; Geldof, M.; Miliani, C.; Janssens, K.; Brunetti, B.G.; Cotte, M.; Vanmeert, F.; Chieli, A.; Van der Snickt, G.; Romani, A.; Melo, M.J. |
![find book details (via ISBN) isbn](img/isbn.gif)
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Title |
Chemical alteration and colour changes in the Amsterdam sunflowers |
Type |
H1 Book chapter |
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2019 |
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125-158
T2 - Van Gogh’s Sunflowers illuminated – a |
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H1 Book chapter; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
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This chapter provides a description of colour changes in the Amsterdam Sunflowers due to chemical alteration of pigments, with a focus on geranium lakes and chrome yellows. The brilliant and forceful colours of these and other late nineteenth-century synthetic materials offered artists such as Vincent van Gogh new means of artistic expression that exploited a range of contrasting hues and tints. However, geranium lakes have a strong tendency to fade and chrome yellows to darken under the influence of light. Van Gogh, like other artists of his day, was aware of this drawback, yet he continued to favour the use of both pigments up until his death in July 1890 due to the unparalleled effects they gave. In April 1888, Vincent wrote to his brother Theo: Van Gogh's use of unstable colours opens a series of questions regarding the extent to which colour change affects the way his paintings look today, as discussed here in relation to the Amsterdam Sunflowers. Furthermore, given the frequency with which geranium lakes and chrome yellows occur in Van Gogh's paintings of the period 1888–90 and the predominance of chrome yellows in Sunflowers, it becomes important to understand the factors that can drive these processes of deterioration in order to develop appropriate strategies for conserving the artist's works. |
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2020-11-25 |
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978-94-6372-532-3 |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:190779 |
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7640 |
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Author |
Roekens, E.; Leysen, L.; Van Grieken, R.; Komy, Z. |
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Title |
Chemical characterisation of weathering crust and run-off water for a deteriorated limestone cathedral |
Type |
P3 Proceeding |
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1986 |
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P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:117506 |
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7641 |
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van Malderen, H.; de Bock, L.; Hoornaert, S.; Injuk, J.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Title |
Chemical characterisation, source identification and quantification of the input of atmospheric particulate matter into the North Sea |
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H3 Book chapter |
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1996 |
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103-112
T2 - Dialogue between scientists and users |
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H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:14671 |
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7642 |
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Ravindra, K.; Stranger, M.; Van Grieken, R.; Sokhi, R.S. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Chemical characterization and source apportionment of fine aerosols |
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H3 Book chapter |
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2009 |
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H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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978-1-905313-64-8 |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:97558 |
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7644 |
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Bruynseels, F.; Storms, H.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Chemical characterization of airborne particulate matter above the North Sea |
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P3 Proceeding |
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1985 |
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P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:117500 |
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7646 |
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Bruynseels, F.; Storms, H.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Chemical characterization of individual aerosol particles from remote and polluted marine air |
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P3 Proceeding |
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1985 |
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P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:117497 |
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7647 |
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Horemans, B. |
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Chemical characterization of particulate air pollutants : case studies on indoor air quality, cultural heritage and the marine environment |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2012 |
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229 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:94360 |
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7649 |
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Author |
Dekov, V.M.; Subramanian, V.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Chemical composition of suspended matter and sediments from the Indian sub-continent: a fifteen-year research survey |
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H3 Book chapter |
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1998 |
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81-92
T2 - Recent trends in environmental biogeoch |
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H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:22778 |
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7659 |
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Author |
Heyne, M.H. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Chemistry and plasma physics challenges for 2D materials technology |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
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2019 |
Publication ![sorted by Publication field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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167 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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Transition-metal dichalcogenides such as MoS2 or WS2 are semiconducting materials with a layered structure. One single layer consists of a plane of metal atoms terminated on the top and bottom by the chalcogen atoms sulfur, selenium, or tellurium. These layers show strong in-plane covalent bonding, whereas the Van-der-Waals bonds in between adjacent layers are weak. Those weak bonds allow the microcleavage and extraction of a monolayer. Transistors built on such monolayer nanosheets are promising due to high electrostatic controllability in comparison to a bulk semiconductor. This is important for fast switching speed and low-power consumption in the OFF-state. Nonetheless, prototypes of such nanosheet transistors show non-idealities due to the fabrication process. Closed films on a large area cannot be obtained by mechanical exfoliation from mm-sized crystals. For wafer-level processing, synthetic growth methods are needed. It is a challenge to obtain a few layer thick crystals with large lateral grains or even without grain boundaries with synthetic growth techniques. This requires pre-conditioned monocrystalline substrates, high-temperature deposition, and polymer-assisted transfer to other target substrates after the growth. Such transfer is a source of cracks in the film and degrades the layers' promising properties by residual polymer from the bond material. Apart from transfer, patterning of the stacked 2D layers is necessary to build devices. The patterning of a 2D material itself or another material on top of it is challenging. The integration of the nanosheets into miniaturized devices cannot be done by conventional continuous-wave dry etching techniques due to the absence of etch stop layers and the vulnerability of these thin layers. To eliminate these issues in growth and integration, we explored the deposition methods on wafer-level and low-damage integration schemes. To this end, we studied the growth of MoS2 by a hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition for which metal layers were deposited and subsequently sulfurized in H2S to obtain large area 2D layers. The impact of sulfurization temperature, time, partial H2S pressure, and H2 addition on the stoichiometry, crystallinity, and roughness were explored. Furthermore, a selective low-temperature deposition and conversion process at 450 °C for WS2 by the precursors WF6, H2S, and Si was considered. Si was used as a reducing agent for WF6 to deposit thin W films and H2S sulfurized this film in situ. The impact of the reducing agent amount, its surface condition, the temperature window, and the necessary time for the conversion of Si into W and W into WS2 were studied. Further quality improvement strategies on the WS2 were implemented by using extra capping layers in combination with annealing. Capping layers such as Ni and Co for metal-induced crystallization were compared to dielectric capping layers. The impact of the metal capping layer and its thickness on the recrystallization was evaluated. The dielectric capping layer's property to suppress sulfur loss under high temperature was explored. The annealings, which were done by rapid thermal annealing and nanosecond laser annealing, were discussed. Eventually, the fabrication of a heterostack with a MoS2 base layer and selectively grown WS2 was studied. Atomic layer etching was identified as attractive technique to remove the solid precursor Si from MoS2 in a layer-by-layer fashion. The in-situ removal of native SiO2 and the impact towards MoS2 was determined. The created patterned Si on MoS2 was then converted into patterned WS2 on MoS2 by the selective WF6/H2S process developed earlier. This procedure offers an attractive, scalable way to enable the fabrication of 2D devices with CMOS-compatible processes and contributes essential progress in the field 2D materials technology. |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:162027 |
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7662 |
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Author |
Camuffo, D.; Pagan, E.; Schellen, H.; Van Grieken, R.; Bencs, L.; et al. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Church heating and cultural heritage conservation : guide to the analysis of pros and cons of various heating systems |
Type |
MA2 Book as author |
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2006 |
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240 p. |
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MA2 Book as author; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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88-370-5034-8 |
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no |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:117468 |
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7665 |
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Author |
Alemam, E. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Cleaning of wall paintings by Polyvinyl alcohol–Borax/Agarose (PVA–B/AG) double network hydrogels : characterization, assessment, and applications |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
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Year |
2021 |
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Pages |
184 p. |
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Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES); Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS) |
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Abstract |
Wall paintings make up an important section of cultural heritage. They resemble time portals that can be used to travel back into the past and witness the life of our ancestors. In these paintings, the ancient artists depicted the different aspects of their life, such as cooking, baking, farming, manufacturing, as well as thoughts and beliefs. Unfortunately, wall paintings are susceptible to degradation over time in the form of the accumulations of dirt and deposits on the painted surfaces and loss of adhesion of the paint layers at the surface. Therefore, the removal of these deposits is one of the primary duties of conservator-restorers. Such operations are intended to restore the painted surface to a condition close enough to its original state. Since cleaning artworks may cause undesirable physicochemical alterations and is nonreversible, the proper cleaning procedure should be adopted. In this regard, numerous gels have been developed and exploited for the cleaning of various artwork surfaces. Lately, polyvinyl alcohol-borax (PVA-B) and agarose (AG) hydrogels have been widely employed as cleaning materials by conservator-restorers. However, both hydrogels have shown limitations in specific cleaning practices. In this work, we investigated a new double network hydrogel based on blending PVA-B and agarose to avoid the limitations posed by the constituting hydrogels. For this reason, a detailed characterization of the PVA–B/AG double network hydrogel was performed, including chemical structure, liquid phase retention, mechanical strength, rheological behavior, and self-healing behavior of various PVA-B/AG hydrogels. These new hydrogels revealed better properties than PVA-B and agarose hydrogels and obviated their limitations. A laboratory experiment on the removal of deteriorated Paraloid® B72 proved that the PVA-B/AG hydrogel loaded 10%/10% MEK/1-PeOH was able to remove these layers efficiently. Therefore, the hydrogel was tested on a wall painting from the Temple of Seti I in Abydos – Egypt. It removed the glossy/darkened consolidant from the wall painting and restored the original matt appearance of the painted surface. In another application on the painted ceiling of the same temple, the hydrogel was tested for removing thick soot layers. The hydrogel formulation (loaded with 5% ammonia, 0.3% ammonium carbonate, and 0.3% EDTA) removed these layers with no noticeable damage to the paint layers. In a wide-scale application of the hydrogel (loaded with 10% propylene carbonate), it removed a highly deteriorated varnish layer from a 19-c wall painting. All the traditional cleaning methods employed caused damage to the paint layers, proving that gel cleaning can be a safer cleaning alternative in some cases. |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:183381 |
Serial |
7671 |
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Author |
Gielis, J.; Caratelli, D.; de Jong van Coevorden, M.; Ricci, P.E. |
![find book details (via ISBN) isbn](img/isbn.gif)
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Title |
The common descent of biological shape description and special functions |
Type |
H1 Book chapter |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication ![sorted by Publication field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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Volume |
230 |
Issue |
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Pages |
119-131
T2 - Differential and difference equations |
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Keywords |
H1 Book chapter; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
Gielis transformations, with their origin in botany, are used to define square waves and trigonometric functions of higher order. They are rewritten in terms of Chebyshev polynomials. The origin of both, a uniform descriptor and the origin of orthogonal polynomials, can be traced back to a letter of Guido Grandi to Leibniz in 1713 on the mathematical description of the shape of flowers. In this way geometrical description and analytical tools are seamlessly combined. |
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000451375900010 |
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2018-05-08 |
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978-3-319-75646-2; 2194-1009; 978-3-319-75647-9; 978-3-319-75646-2 |
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:150949 |
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7685 |
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Author |
Shevchenko, V.P.; Lisitzin, A.P.; Kuptzov, V.M.; Ivanov, G.I.; Lukashin, V.N.; Martin, J.M.; Rusakov, V.Y.; Safarova, S.A.; Serova, V.V.; Van Grieken, R.; van Malderen, H. |
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Title |
Composition of aerosols over the Laptev, the Kara, the Barents, the Greenland and the Norwegian seas |
Type |
H3 Book chapter |
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Year |
1995 |
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Pages |
7-16
T2 - Russian-German cooperation: Laptev Sea s |
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H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:12358 |
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7708 |
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Author |
Cagno, S. |
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Title |
Compositional analysis of historical glass |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2012 |
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346 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:98145 |
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7714 |
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Author |
Vázquez, C.; Darchuk, L.; Stefaniak, E.A.; Van Grieken, R.; Palacios, O.R. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Compositional correlation between pigments found in excavations and on human bones investigated with micro-raman spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy |
Type |
H2 Book chapter |
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2011 |
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Pages |
13-18
T2 - Integration of nuclear spectrometry met |
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Keywords |
H2 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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978-92-0-121310-5 |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:108205 |
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7716 |
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Author |
Van Winckel, T.; Al-Omari, A.; Takás, I.; Wett, B.; Bachmann, B.; Sturm, B.; Bott, C.; Vlaeminck, S.E.; Murthy, S.; De Clippeleir, H. |
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Title |
Conceptual framework for deammonification in a combined floc-granule system : impact of aeration control, external selector and bioaugmentation based on full-scale data from WWTP in Strass |
Type |
P3 Proceeding |
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Year |
2017 |
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16 p.
T2 - IWA 2017 Conference on Sustainable Wast |
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P3 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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no |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:151109 |
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7722 |
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Author |
Reniers, G.L.L.; Sörensen, K.; Vrancken, K. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Conclusions and recommendations |
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H1 Book chapter |
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2013 |
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265-268
T2 - Management principles of sustainable |
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Keywords |
H1 Book chapter; Engineering Management (ENM); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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9783527649488 |
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UA library record |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:107610 |
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7723 |
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Author |
De Beule, C. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Confined quantum systems in topological insulator heterostructures |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
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2017 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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141 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:147217 |
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7725 |
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Author |
Hendriks, E.; Geldof, M.; van den Berg, K.J.; Monico, L.; Miliani, C.; Moretti, P.; Iwanicka, M.; Targowski, P.; Megens, L.; de Groot, S.; van Keulen, H.; Janssens, K.; Vanmeert, F.; van der Snickt, G. |
![find book details (via ISBN) isbn](img/isbn.gif)
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Title |
Conservation of the Amsterdam sunflowers : from past to future |
Type |
H1 Book chapter |
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Year |
2019 |
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175-205
T2 - Van Gogh’s Sunflowers illuminated – a |
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H1 Book chapter; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
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Abstract |
This chapter lays out a conservation timeline, from past to future, for the Amsterdam version of Van Gogh's Sunflowers. It starts by considering the restoration history of the painting in order to assess its current physical state, and looks ahead to formulate an appropriate strategy for future conservation treatment and display. Due attention is paid to the two recorded episodes of restoration performed in 1927 and 1961 by the Dutch restorer, Jan Cornelis Traas. Based on physical and chemical investigation of Sunflowers we attempt to reconstruct what these former treatments (which are barely documented) entailed and consider the repercussions for the present condition of the painting. The former interventions by Traas also serve as a benchmark to reflect on current choices made, highlighting the extent to which ideas and methodologies have continued to evolve over the past century as conservation has moved further away from being a singularly craft-based activity to become an established historical and scientific discipline underpinned by ethical guidelines. Jan Cornelis Traas (1898–1984) As mentioned, the two main recorded interventions to the Amsterdam Sunflowers may be associated with the Dutch restorer, Jan Cornelis Traas, who treated the picture in 1927, close to the start of his career, and again in 1961, shortly before he retired. Traas was the first restorer to be appointed at the Mauritshuis in The Hague where he worked from 1931 to 1962 and treated hundreds of paintings, including iconic masterpieces such as Girl with a Pearl Earring by Johannes Vermeer. Yet despite the magnitude and importance of his restoration oeuvre, J.C. Traas (as he is usually referred to in surviving documents), has remained somewhat obscure. He is shown here in the only known surviving photograph of him at work, shortly before he retired (fig. 7.1). Unlike his illustrious contemporaries, A. Martin de Wild (1899–1969) and Helmut Ruhemann (1891–1973), for example, Traas did not publish anything, he appears to have kept no records of his work and no personal archive is known. However, the study of some newly discovered historical documents, combined with physical examination of Sunflowers and a large number of other works he treated, allows us to recover an idea of his working practices and approaches viewed within the context of his day. |
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2020-11-25 |
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978-94-6372-532-3 |
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UA library record |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:190780 |
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7727 |
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Author |
De Cocker, P.; Bessiere, Y.; Hernandez-Raquet, G.; Sun, X.Y.; Mozo, I.; Barrillon, B.; Gaval, G.; Caligaris, M.; Martin Ruel, S.; Vlaeminck, S.E.; Sperandio, M. |
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Title |
Cool conditions for mainstream anammox applications : short and long term temperature effects |
Type |
P3 Proceeding |
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2017 |
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3 p.
T2 - 5th IWA Benelux Young Water Professional |
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P3 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:151117 |
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7732 |
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Author |
Verstraelen, H. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Corrosion in ballast tanks on board of merchant vessels : study of the relation between steel quality and corrosion |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
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2013 |
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172 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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978-90-5718-278-5 |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:112176 |
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7737 |
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Author |
Van Grieken, R.; Injuk, J. |
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Title |
Current applications of XRF and micro-XRF techniques in environmental and industrial fields |
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H3 Book chapter |
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1999 |
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29-38
T2 - Industrial and environmental applicatio |
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H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:27600 |
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7745 |
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Van den Akker, S.; Bormans, P.; Peeters, H.; Gielis, J.; Prinsen, E. |
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Title |
Cytokinin dynamics in cell suspension cultures of Bambusa balcooa Roxburgh using UPLC-ESI/MS/MS |
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H3 Book chapter |
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2012 |
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539-547
T2 - Proceedings of the 9th World Bamboo C |
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H3 Book chapter; Engineering sciences. Technology; Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:97754 |
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7750 |
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Saiz-Jimenez, C.; Brimblecombe, P.; Camuffo, D.; Lefèvre, R.-A.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Damages caused to European monuments by air pollution: assessment and preventive measures |
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H3 Book chapter |
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2004 |
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91-109
T2 - Air pollution and cultural heritage / |
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H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:48939 |
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7753 |
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Grubova, I.Y. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Density functional theory study of interface interactions in hydroxyapatite/rutile composites for biomedical applications |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2018 |
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251 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:158087 |
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7760 |
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van Walsem, J. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Design and optimization of a photocatalytic reactor for air purification in ventilation systems |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2019 |
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158 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Photocatalysis has been labeled for decades as a promising technique for air purification. The principle seems straightforward and requires a photocatalyst that is immobilized on a substrate, and one or more UV sources to activate the photocatalyst. No waste products are produced, the reactions occur in mild conditions and the supplies are relatively cheap. Yet it seems that the commercialization of photocatalytic systems does not break through on the global market. The aim of this thesis is to identify and tackle the bottlenecks that impede commercialization from an application-oriented approach. The problem of indoor air pollution is enhanced by the fact that people spend more and more time indoors and that ventilation is kept to a minimum as an energy-saving measure. This inevitably leads to an accumulation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are emitted by e.g. building materials, paint and furniture. Human exposure to VOCs is directly related to the sick building syndrome leading to complaints such as headache, fatigue, dizziness and lack of concentration. In addition, exposure to VOCs is related to serious long-term health effects such as cancer or respiratory diseases. Therefore, significant research efforts are focused on advanced indoor air purification methods. Integration or retrofitting of a photocatalytic (PCO) air purifying unit into heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment has been chosen as an interesting approach. As a starting point of this thesis, the operational conditions of a ventilation system were mapped. These systems are characterized by high flow rates and the necessity of minimal pressure losses. Pressure losses increase the energy demand and can lead to failure of the ventilation fan and thereby undermine the proper functioning of the ventilation system. A suitable substrate must allow the contaminated air to pass through with a minimal pressure drop, allow sufficient contact time between VOC and photocatalyst, have a large surface area available for coating with excellent adhesion, and be transparent to UV light. Therefore, the permeability and the available exposed surface were selected as main selection criteria. After a thorough quantitative analysis of potential substrates, borosilicate glass tubes were selected. Glass tubes can easily be stacked to constitute a transparent monolithic multi-tube reactor, with their length parallel to the air flow in order to minimize the pressure drop. Moreover, borosilicate glass is relatively inexpensive and has excellent UV-A light transmitting properties. Based on a literature study, a sol-gel coating procedure was selected that is extremely suitable for coating glass substrates. The next step was to optimize the amount of P25 (commercial titanium dioxide) in the photocatalytic sol-gel coating for its application. More P25 in the sol-gel coating results in a higher adsorption capacity and consequently a higher photocatalytic activity, but greatly reduces the transparency of the coating. After an in-depth study, the concentration of 10 g L-1 P25 was selected as the most feasible for multi-tube reactors. Since the operation of photocatalytic reactors is based on a complex interaction of physical and chemical processes, mathematical models were developed, supported by experimental data, that include all these phenomena as a tool for reactor design and optimization. By making use of such models, time-consuming and expensive experimental research can be minimized. However, the experimental validation of models is of utmost importance to prove its reliability and accuracy. Intrinsic kinetic parameters provide the fundamentals for these models as they describe the photocatalytic reaction rate, independent of fluid dynamics, reactor geometry and radiation field. In this work they were estimated by means of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study, based on FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) experiments with a lab scale multi-tube reactor. The kinetic parameters were validated by an alternative analytic approach, emphasizing the accuracy and reliability of the simulations. Finally, the aforementioned CFD approach, based on the simultaneously modelling of airflow, mass transfer, UV light irradiation and photocatalytic reactions, was used to obtain insights for the light source configuration in upscaled multi-tube reactors. After taking all these insights and some practical implications into account, a final upscaled multi-tube reactor design was proposed and converted into a first built prototype. Subsequently, it was evaluated according the CEN-EN-16486-1 standard for VOC removal by the external scientific research center ‘CERTECH’. The scientific results, regarding the mineralization of the VOCs and photocatalytic efficiency of the reactor, demonstrated the feasibility for indoor air purification by the upscaled multi-tube reactor and the possible implementation in ventilation systems. |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:160205 |
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7763 |
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Voordeckers, D. |
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Design to breathe : understanding and altering wind patterns in street canyons to reduce human exposure to air pollution |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2023 |
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xxii, 303 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL); Research Group for Urban Development; Intelligence in PRocesses, Advanced Catalysts and Solvents (iPRACS) |
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Air pollution is proclaimed by the World Health Organiaation (WHO) as the biggest environmental threat to human health. Street canyons, or urban roads flanked by a continuous row of high buildings on both sides, are perceived as typical bottleneck areas for air quality due to their lack of natural ventilation. This doctoral thesis aims to integrate expert knowledge on in-canyon flow fields and pollution dispersion in street canyons from the specialized field of (bio)engineering into the field of urban planning and vice versa. In Chapter 1, a Geospatial Information System (GIS) method was developed to detect exposure zones and hotspot street canyons. A critical combination between aspect ratio (AR > 0.65) and traffic volume (TVmax > 300) was detected and subsequently used to detect hotspot street canyons in three major European cities (Antwerp, London and Paris). Chapter 2 focusses on acquiring in-depth knowledge on flow and concentration fields in street canyons by conducting an extensive literature review on over 200 studies and translates this knowledge into nineteen guidelines and eleven spatial tools, comprised in a toolbox for urban planning. Subsequently, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used into a research trough design process (Chapter 4) to illustrate how the design tools can be applied to a specific case study (Belgiëlei, Antwerp). Alternations to traffic lanes (traffic lane reduction and lateral displacement) combined with low boundary walls (LBWs), were found to reduce NO2 levels in the entire pedestrian area up to – 3.6 % and peak pollutions were reduced by -8 %. A maximum NO2 reduction was reached by combining a traffic lane displacement with hedges, adjustments to the tree planting pattern and an increased ground-level permeability, leading to reductions up to – 4.5 % in the pedestrian areas. In conclusion, urban design was found to be a valuable tool to enhance the effect of emission reduction strategies and draw in-canyon concentrations closer to the value of the background concentration. However, the background concentration seemed to dominate the efficiency of the urban design interventions and therefore, additional measures should be taken to reduce background pollution levels. This dissertation aims to contribute to the awareness of air pollution in street canyons, as well as support local governments in taking action by delivering spatial tools and guidelines applicable for urban planning and represents a framework for the dissemination of expert information on air quality in street canyons to the field of urban planning. |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:196399 |
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7767 |
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