| Records |
| Author |
Van Grieken, R.E.; LaBrecque, J.J. |
| Title |
Trace analysis of environmental samples by X-ray emission spectroscopy |
Type |
H3 Book chapter |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
101-183
T2 - Trace analysis : vol. 4 / Lawrence, J |
| Keywords |
H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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no |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:117495 |
Serial |
8686 |
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| Author |
Winchester, J.W.; Meinert, D.L.; Nelson, J.W.; Johansson, T.B.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Orsini, C.; Kaufmann, H.C.; Akselsson, R. |
| Title |
Trace metals in the St-Louis aerosol |
Type |
H3 Book chapter |
| Year |
1975 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
385-394
T2 - Nuclear techniques in environmental r |
| Keywords |
H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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no |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:117459 |
Serial |
8694 |
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| Author |
Vandekerckhove, T.; Courtens, E.N.P.; Prat, D.; Vilchez-Vargas, R.; Vital, M.; Pieper, D.H.; Meerbergen, K.; Lievens, B.; Boon, N.; Vlaeminck, S.E. |
| Title |
Transitioning from mesophilic to thermophilic nitrification: shaping a niche for archaeal ammonia oxidizers |
Type |
P3 Proceeding |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
9 p.
T2 - WEF/IWA Nutrient Removal and Recovery Co |
| Keywords |
P3 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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no |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:151126 |
Serial |
8697 |
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| Author |
Mishra, V.K.; Dons, E.; Panis, L.I.; Frijns, E.; van Poppel, M.; Berghmans, P.; Bleux, N.; Wuyts, K.; Samson, R. |
| Title |
Understanding ultrafine particles dynamics within a one km urban grid |
Type |
P3 Proceeding |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
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P3 Proceeding; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:88671 |
Serial |
8709 |
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| |
| Author |
de Gendt, S.; Kenis, K.; Mertens, P.W.; Heyns, M.M.; Claes, M.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Bailleul, A.; Knotter, M.; de Bokx, P.K. |
| Title |
Use of grazing emission XRF spectrometry for silicon wafer surface contamination measurements |
Type |
P3 Proceeding |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:14679 |
Serial |
8720 |
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| |
| Author |
Amiri-Aref, M. |
| Title |
Utilization of magnetic nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes to fabrication electrochemical sensors for determination of some important biological and pharmaceutical compounds |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
137 p. |
| Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:128299 |
Serial |
8727 |
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| |
| Author |
Vanmeert, F.; Van der Snickt, G.; Legrand, S.; Janssens, K. |
| Title |
Velázquez? A portrait of Pope Innocent X : an X-ray imaging investigation (II) |
Type |
H3 Book chapter |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
132-141
T2 - Velázquez : Anregungen, Vorschläge, L |
| Keywords |
H3 Book chapter; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
Encompassing a broad spectrum of methodological approaches and aims, the scholars contributing to this volume offer renewed perspectives on the multifaceted oeuvre of Diego Velázquez. The seventeenth-century artist’s exceptional religious works as well as his numerous portraits are examined within the social and historical context of Velázquez’s milieu which included both the Spanish court as well as circles comprising important intellectual figures of his time. Following a close investigation of his works, which also includes the results of recent technological examinations on his paintings, the contributors to this volume offer new, exciting findings and discussions on the inspirations, sources and possible intentions of Velázquez. |
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ISBN |
978-3-99020-155-8 |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:190783 |
Serial |
8736 |
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| Author |
Lindeboom, R.E.F.; Clauwaert, P.; Alloul, A.; Coessens, W.; Christiaens, M.; Vanoppen, M.; Rabaey, K.; Verliefde, A.R.D.; Vlaeminck, S.E. |
| Title |
Water and nutrient recovery from combined urine and grey water treatment in Space |
Type |
P3 Proceeding |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
3 p.
T2 - IWA Resource Recovery Conference, 30 Aug |
| Keywords |
P3 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:151143 |
Serial |
8747 |
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| |
| Author |
Han, M.; Seuntjens, D.; Al-Omari, A.; Takacs, I.; Meerburg, F.; Murthy, S.; Vlaeminck, S.E.; De Clippeleir, H. |
| Title |
Water and process parameters as controllers for the ammonia to nitrite oxidation rate ratio in activated sludge |
Type |
P3 Proceeding |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
3 p.
T2 - IWA 2017 Conference on Sustainable Waste |
| Keywords |
P3 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:151110 |
Serial |
8748 |
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| |
| Author |
de Paepe, J.; Lindeboom, R.E.F.; Vanoppen, M.; Alonso Farinas, B.; Coessens, W.; Abbas, A.; Christiaens, M.; Dotremont, C.; Beckers, H.; Lamaze, B.; Demey, D.; Rabaey, K.; Clauwaert, P.; Verliefde, A.R.D.; Vlaeminck, S.E. |
| Title |
Water treatment unit breadboard : ground test facility for the recycling of urine and shower water for one astronaut |
Type |
P3 Proceeding |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
2 p.
T2 - 5th IWA Benelux Young Water Professional |
| Keywords |
P3 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:151114 |
Serial |
8749 |
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| |
| Author |
Delalieux, F.; Sweevers, H.; Van Grieken, R. |
| Title |
Weathering mechanism of Pentelic marble under ambient atmospheric conditions derived from runoff studies |
Type |
P3 Proceeding |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:18791 |
Serial |
8751 |
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| |
| Author |
Vleugels, G.; Van Grieken, R. |
| Title |
Weathering of bare and treated limestones under ambient conditions using runoff water analysis and microanalysis |
Type |
P3 Proceeding |
| Year |
1992 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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|
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:2865 |
Serial |
8752 |
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| |
| Author |
Roekens, E.; Van Raemdonck, C.; Leysen, L.; Chakravorty, R.; Van Grieken, R. |
| Title |
Weathering products and surface recession rates for sandy limestones exposed to air pollution |
Type |
H3 Book chapter |
| Year |
1987 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
707-714
T2 - Acid rain : scientific and technical |
| Keywords |
H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:117536 |
Serial |
8756 |
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| |
| Author |
Van Grieken, R. |
| Title |
Working close to the detection limits: XRF |
Type |
Minutes and reports |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Minutes and reports; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Edition |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:20973 |
Serial |
8761 |
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| |
| Author |
Samek, L.; Worobiec, A.; Van Grieken, R.; van Meel, K.; Kontozova, V.; Karaszkiewicz, P.; Wiłkojć, E. |
| Title |
Wpływ zwiedzajacych na zanieczyszczenia wnetrz muzealnych |
Type |
H3 Book chapter |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
209-218
T2 - Konserwacja zapobiegawcza w muzeach |
| Keywords |
H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP) |
| Abstract |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:67628 |
Serial |
8762 |
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| |
| Author |
Injuk, J.; Van Grieken, R.E. |
| Title |
X-ray fluorescence |
Type |
H3 Book chapter |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
151-178
T2 - Non-destructive elemental analysis / |
| Keywords |
H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
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|
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:34107 |
Serial |
8764 |
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| |
| Author |
Margu'i', E.; Queralt, I.; Van Grieken, R. |
| Title |
X-ray fluorescence analysis, sample preparation for |
Type |
H1 Book chapter |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
1-20
T2 - Sncyclopedia of analytical chemistry / M |
| Keywords |
H1 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
|
| ISSN |
|
ISBN |
978-0-471-97670-7 |
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| Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:81641 |
Serial |
8765 |
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| |
| Author |
Marguí, E.; Van Grieken, R. |
| Title |
X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and related techniques : an introduction |
Type |
MA3 Book as author |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
148 p. |
| Keywords |
MA3 Book as author; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
|
ISBN |
978-1-60650-391-1 |
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| Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:106179 |
Serial |
8768 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
| Author |
Van Grieken, R.E. |
| Title |
X-ray spectrometry |
Type |
H3 Book chapter |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
15 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
13269-13443
T2 - Encyclopedia of analytical chemis |
| Keywords |
H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:31650 |
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8775 |
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Van Grieken, R.; Delalieux, F. |
| Title |
X-ray spectrometry for air pollution and cultural heritage research |
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P3 Proceeding |
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2004 |
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P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:51259 |
Serial |
8783 |
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Van Grieken, R.; Makarovska, Y.; van Meel, K.; Worobiec, A. |
| Title |
X-ray spectrometry for analysis of atmospheric particulate matter: detection limits versus legal levels |
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H3 Book chapter |
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2007 |
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153-161
T2 - Topics in X-ray spectrometry / Vázque |
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H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP) |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:64402 |
Serial |
8784 |
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| Author |
Tsuji, K.; Injuk, J.; Van Grieken, R. |
| Title |
X-ray spectrometry: recent technological advances |
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ME1 Book as editor or co-editor |
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2004 |
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616 p. |
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ME1 Book as editor or co-editor; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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0-471-48640-x |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:43876 |
Serial |
8786 |
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| Author |
Mendonça Verbinnen, C.D. |
| Title |
Development of semiconductor-based photoelectrochemical sensing strategies for phenolic compounds in natural and supply water |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
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2022 |
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Pages |
152 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab) |
| Abstract |
A wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds have been frequently released into the environment without control by industries and agricultural activities. This has caused significant impact on the development and health of living organisms, and biodiversity. Therefore, the challenge of monitoring and/or remediation of these contaminants remains. This thesis presents the development of three sensing strategies based on photoelectrochemical sensors to monitor phenolic contaminants. The well-known semiconductors TiO2 and ZnO were used for building novel setups for nM analysis of phenolic compounds in water. The setups employing TiO2-based photosensors were integrated into a photoelectrochemical flow cell. The flow system favored higher sensitivity of the method by periodic wash sequences of the electrode, significantly reducing the electrode fouling. Firstly, a straightforward method was developed based on the immobilization of TiO2 on screen printed graphite electrodes. Under UV light, the developed photosensor presented high performance for the detection of 4- aminophenol. A second study was developed by impregnating gold nanoparticles into TiO2 structure. The incorporation of gold nanoparticles can broaden the light absorption region of TiO2 and improve its photocatalytic activity for the detection of hydroquinone under visible light. In both systems, the detection was possible due to the presence of reactive oxygen species at the surface of TiO2 upon light, which participate in the oxidation process of the analyte. By applying a reductive potential, the oxidized form of the analyte gets reduced and a measurable amperometric response proportional to the initial analyte concentration is recorded. The third proposed setup is a ZnO-based photosensor for the quantification of 4-nitrophenol under UVA light. Nanostructured ZnO was electrochemically synthesized on FTO glass without the use of catalysts or seed layer. A post-growth annealing treatment significantly improved ZnO nanorods physicochemical properties. Subsequent modification of ZnO nanorods with a photosensitizer (perylene acid) increased the photocurrent response and the sensitivity. In this system, the detection mechanism is based on the decrease of the photocurrent response at the presence of an electron harvesting molecule, such as 4-nitrophenol. The decrease in photocurrent is proportional to the increase of 4-nitrophenol concentration in the solution. The applicability of the photoelectrochemical semiconductor-based sensing setups was verified to analyze phenolic compounds in natural and supply water samples. The proposed robust and sensitive approaches were designed for the on-site monitoring of phenolic compounds. The encouraging results confirm the potential of these photosensors as promising tools for tracelevel sensing purposes. |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:186763 |
Serial |
8850 |
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| Author |
Vizarim, N.P. |
| Title |
Dynamic behavior of Skyrmions under the influence of periodic pinning in chiral magnetic infinite thin films |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
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2023 |
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Pages |
212 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) |
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The miniaturization of transistors for application in new processors and logic devices poses a significant challenge in the field of materials. Spintronics, which relies on controlled movement of magnetic nanostructures, offers a promising solution. Among the candidates, magnetic skyrmions are considered one of the most promising. These chiral spin structures, characterized by topological protection and enhanced stability compared to vortices or magnetic bubbles, have been extensively studied. To advance in the control of skyrmion motion, essential for practical applications, we investigated their dynamic behavior in a two-dimensional chiral magnet at zero temperature. Our study focused on the influence of periodic arrays of pinning centers. The simulations considered skyrmions as point-like particles considering the following interactions: skyrmion-skyrmion interactions, interactions with pinning center arrays, a current of polarized spins, and the Magnus force. We conducted calculations for scenarios involving a single skyrmion as well as different skyrmion density values in the material. The aim was to explore possibilities for controlled skyrmion motion, investigate different dynamic regimes, and examine collective effects. The results demonstrate that by adjusting the size, strength, and density of the pinning centers, we can effectively control the motion of individual skyrmions and manage the flow of multiple skyrmions. Furthermore, we discovered that periodic arrays of pinning centers can facilitate topological selection when different species of skyrmions with distinct Magnus components are present. Employing alternating currents, we observed the significant role of the ratchet effect in the skyrmion dynamics. By fine-tuning the amplitudes of the alternating currents, we achieved direct and controlled motion of skyrmions in specific directions. These findings hold potential for advancing our understanding of skyrmion dynamics and can inspire future technological applications involving these quasi-particles. Overall, we anticipate that our results will be valuable to the scientific community, contributing to a deeper comprehension of skyrmion dynamics and paving the way for future technological applications. |
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Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:198101 |
Serial |
8852 |
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| Author |
Hassani, H. |
| Title |
First-principles study of polarons in WO₃ |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
| Year |
2023 |
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Pages |
181 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) |
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Polarons are quasiparticles emerging in materials from the interaction of extra charge carriers with the surrounding atomic lattice. They appear in a wide va- riety of compounds and can have a profound impact on their properties, making the concept of a polaron a central and ubiquitous topic in material science. Al- though the concept is known for about 75 years, the origin of polarons is not yet fully elucidated. This thesis focuses on WO 3 as a well-known prototypical system for studying polarons, which inherent polaronic nature is linked to its remark- able electrical and chromic properties. The primary objective of this research is to provide a comprehensive atomistic description and understanding of polaron formation in WO 3 using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calcula- tions. Additionally, the investigation explores the interactions between polarons and the possibility of bipolaron formation. Following a systematic strategy, we first extensively analyze the dielectric and lattice dynamical properties of WO 3 in both the room-temperature P 2 1 /n and ground-state P 2 1 /c phases. Our specific focus is on characterizing the zone-center phonons, which serve as the founda- tion for identifying the phonon modes involved in the polaron formation and charge localization process. Subsequently, we examine the impact of structural distortions on the electronic structure of WO 3 to elucidate the interplay between structural distortions and electronic properties, thereby laying the groundwork for understanding electron-phonon couplings. By incorporating these critical fac- tors, we address our primary research goals. The most common explanation for the polaron formation is associated with the electrostatic screening of the extra charge by the polarizable lattice. Here, we show that, even in ionic crystals, this is not necessarily the case. We demonstrate that polarons in this compound arise primarily from non-polar atomic distortions. We then unveil that this unexpected behavior originates from the undoing of distortive atomic motions, which lowers the bandgap. As such, we coin the name of anti-distortive polaron and validate its appearance through a simple quantum-dot model, in which charge localization is the result of balancing structural, electronic, and confinement energy costs. Then, we also study the polaron-polaron interaction and present the formation of the antiferromagnetic W 4+ bipolaronic state with relatively large formation energy. Our analysis of the W 4+ bipolaronic distortions on the global structure reveals the same behavior as in experiments where the highly distorted monoclinic phase transforms into a tetragonal phase as a function of doping. Additionally, leveraging our previous findings on asymmetric polaronic distortion and examin- ing different merging orientations, we stabilize the antiferromagnetic W 5+ -W 5+ bipolaronic state with an energy lower than the W 4+ state. This thesis clari- fies the formation of unusual medium-size 2D polarons and bipolarons in WO3,which might be relevant to the whole family of ABO 3 perovskites, to which WO 3 is closely related. The simplicity of the concept provides also obvious guidelines for tracking similar behavior in other families of compounds. |
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Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:198169 |
Serial |
8868 |
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| Author |
Wittner, N. |
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Improving and characterising solid-state fungal pretreatment by Phanerochaete chrysosporium for sugar production from poplar wood |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2023 |
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206 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL); Biochemical Wastewater Valorization & Engineering (BioWaVE) |
| Abstract |
Pretreatment is a critical step in the conversion of lignocellulose into biofuels and biochemicals. During pretreatment, the recalcitrance of lignocellulose is reduced, e.g. by removing lignin, thereby making the carbohydrates more accessible for enzymatic saccharification. Fungal delignification by white-rot fungi is a biotechnological alternative to chemical/physicochemical methods, which is carried out in solid-state fermentation with mild reaction conditions and without the formation of microbial inhibitors. However, fungal pretreatment presents some challenges, such as long pretreatment time, non-selective and low delignification, low enzymatic digestibility and feedstock sterilisation requirement, making its commercial implementation challenging compared to conventional methods. This study investigates the possibility of improving and characterising the solid-state fungal pretreatment of poplar wood by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The individual and combined effects of MnSO4 and CuSO4 supplements on the delignification of sterilised wood are investigated using response surface methodology to improve the degree and selectivity of fungal delignification. Spore-inoculated solid-state fermentations are carried out for 4 weeks in sterile vented bottles. The mechanism of the concerted action of the metal ions on lignin degradation is then elucidated by relating fungal growth and ligninolytic enzyme activities to lignocellulose degradation as a function of pretreatment time. The optimised metal-supplemented system is then applied to the pretreatment of non-sterilised wood using different inoculation techniques (spores and pre-colonised substrate), nutrients (metal ions with or without glucose and sodium nitrate) and cultivation environments (sterile aerated bottles and open trays). The fermentations are then characterised using infrared spectroscopy, in particular NIR and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, with the aim of developing rapid lignin quantification methods as an alternative to conventional wet chemical methods. Finally, the feasibility of producing fermentable sugars from sterilised and non-sterilised poplar wood using fungal pretreatment is evaluated through a techno-economic analysis. Supplementing the pretreatment system with 2.01 µmol CuSO4 and 0.77 µmol MnSO4 g-1 wood resulted in 1.9-fold higher lignin degradation, 2.3-fold higher delignification selectivity value and 2.9-fold higher glucose yield. The improved delignification could be explained by the concerted action of Mn2+ and Cu2+ ions, with Mn2+ ions inducing and Cu2+ prolonging manganese peroxidase production responsible for delignification. Fungal pretreatment at non-sterile conditions was obtained using trays in a simple solid-state fermentation set-up without sterile aeration. A 1:3 ratio of pre-colonised and untreated wood was applied for inoculation and only Cu2+, Mn2+ and sodium nitrate as supplements. Remarkably, this technology resulted in a comparably high glucose yield (28.51 ± 0.28%) to the traditional method using sterilised wood, sterile aeration and spores as inoculum, while reducing the amount of wood to be sterilised by 71.2%. Infrared spectroscopy-based methods with high coefficients of determination (R_CV |
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Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:197185 |
Serial |
8883 |
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Van Putte, N. |
| Title |
Improving groundwater dynamics : a key factor for successful tidal marsh restoration |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2023 |
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166 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL); Ecosphere |
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Tidal marshes take up and release certain elements from and to the river water. Hence, they act as a filter, improving the estuarine water quality. This filtering function depends on the interaction between the marsh soil and water that infiltrates into the marsh platform at high tide and seeps out of the creek banks at low tide. In the past centuries, many tidal marshes disappeared due to large scale land reclamations, together with their associated ecosystem services. Nowadays, tidal marshes are increasingly restored on formerly embanked agricultural areas to regain these ecosystem services. Here, we studied the effect of historical agricultural land use on the contribution of restored tidal marshes to water quality improvement, and we investigated several solutions to stimulate the water quality improving function in newly restored tidal marshes. In restored tidal marshes, the soil is often compacted due to the historical agricultural land use, leading to a reduced organic matter content and micro- and macroporosity. In this compacted soil, groundwater flow is hindered, leading to a more waterlogged soil and reduced groundwater dynamics in the restored marsh as compared to a natural marsh. The depth of groundwater drainage and the groundwater flow velocity have important implications for the processes that contribute to water quality improvement, e.g. removal of nitrogen, phosphorus retention and silica cycling. Where groundwater drains deeper, i.e. in the vicinity of tidal creeks and in a more porous soil, these processes are promoted. We suggest that, in newly restored tidal marshes, the soil porosity can be increased by amending the soil (e.g. with organic matter), and the distance to the nearest tidal creek can be reduced by creek excavation. Numerical modelling showed that the largest gain in groundwater dynamics and seepage was attained when both measures were applied together. The effect of organic soil amendments on groundwater dynamics and nutrient cycling was further explored in a large scale in situ mesocosm experiment. Where the soil was amended, groundwater drained deeper and nitrogen removal increased. For new tidal marsh restoration projects, we advise to conduct an explorative soil study. When the soil is heavily compacted, design measures, such as creek initiation and organic soil amendments can be applied to jumpstart the contribution to water quality improvement of newly restored tidal marshes. |
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| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:196965 |
Serial |
8884 |
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Drăgan, A.-M. |
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Investigation of the electrochemical behaviour of illicit substances and their redox pathways in the development of nanomaterial-modified platforms for decentralized analysis |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2023 |
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169 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Pharmacology. Therapy; Engineering sciences. Technology; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab) |
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Most recent IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:199086 |
Serial |
8892 |
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De Meyer, S. |
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Macroscopic X-ray powder diffraction in reflection mode : a new technique for chemical imaging of artworks |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2023 |
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285 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Art; Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS) |
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Scientific research into cultural heritage has significantly grown in importance over the past decades. The growing popularity of macroscopic imaging techniques such as X-ray fluorescence or Fourier transform infrared now means that conservators and restorers have access to highly objective information on the chemical composition of a painting without the necessity for destructive sampling. As many works of art are heterogeneous on the macroscopic scale, it is clear that solely relying on microscopic samples does not provide sufficiently representative information on the condition of a painting and that macroscopic imaging techniques should be considered a crucial part of the analytical toolkit for conservation science. The goal of this research has been to investigate the added value of reflection-mode macroscopic X-ray powder diffraction (MA-XRPD) for scientific and art historical investigations of cultural heritage artefacts. A prototype scanner was developed after careful consideration of the individual components. This mobile instrument allows for the analysis of flat objects such as oil paintings with reflection MA-XRPD. In this manner images can be obtained that show the distribution of crystalline components present at the surface of the stratigraphy. These crystalline materials can originate from different sources and include original pigments and non-original pigments. MA-XRPD offers novel insights into original pigments such as ultramarine, copper sulfates and lead white. In Girl with a Pearl Earring by Vermeer the MA-XRPD instrument was used to prove that Vermeer used multiple subtypes of lead white to achieve subtle optical effects while in the painting The Night Watch by Rembrandt the lead white composition was studied in detail; multiple rare lead-based compounds were identified that could be linked to the usage of specific driers in the oil paint. By investigating the presence of degradation products, MA-XRPD can be used to assess the conservation state of an artwork. Secondary alteration products were identified in paintings by Nellius and Mignon, explaining why the paintings had visually deteriorated over time. MA-XRPD registered the presence of lead arsenates which were formed from the original yellow arsenic-based orpiment. By combining microscopic and macroscopic analysis, a chemical degradation pathway for the conversion of the unstable orpiment pigment was proposed. In this manner, MA-XRPD can also be used to provide highly valuable information for conservators and restorers by pinpointing areas that have undergone degradation and to guide sampling campaigns. |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:198766 |
Serial |
8896 |
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Ysebaert, T. |
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Modelling and experimental validation of deposition on vegetation to facilitate urban particulate matter mitigation |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2023 |
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xxvi, 234 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Exposure to air pollution, such as particulate matter (PM), causes adverse health effects, particularly to the respiratory tract and cardiovascular system. PM is the collective name for all kinds of particles ranging from small particles and liquid droplets, which contain organic compounds, acids and metals, to soil or dust particles. One distinguishes PM10, PM2.5 and PM0.1, which have aerodynamic particle sizes smaller than 10, 2.5 and 0.1 µm, respectively. It is mainly the latter that is the most harmful, as PM0.1 penetrates deep into the respiratory system and carries relatively more toxic substances than the other PM fractions. Over a 15-year period, PM concentrations in European member states have fallen by about 30%. Nevertheless, the World Health Organisation (WHO) air quality guidelines, which became stricter in 2021, are exceeded in most places around the world. Particularly in cities, excessive levels of PM are measured and it is here that PM mitigation should be investigated. For this, the implementation of urban green infrastructure, including trees, shrubs, green roofs and green walls, is being looked at. Plants hinder airflow and remove PM from the air by deposition on their leaves and branches. This process is known as dry deposition. Plants can capture PM very efficiently, due to their complex structure of leaves and branches. Green walls offer significant advantages over other types of urban green infrastructure because they can grow on the huge available wall area and, because they do not hinder air circulation, as we sometimes see with trees. Green walls are believed to have a much greater, untapped potential to reduce PM pollution. However, a literature review showed that we do not know the quantitative impact of green walls and lack the tools and/or general methodology to do so. The objective of this thesis is therefore to develop a method for assessing PM removal by green walls, based on predictive models and based on relevant parameters that are experimentally determined. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a numerical method to simulate airflow in complex environments such as cities. These models can also simulate the vegetation-wind interaction in detail and are interesting tools to assess the effect of green walls on PM concentrations in real environments. It is important to first study the aerodynamic effect of green walls and parameterise it correctly in CFD models. Plants decrease the wind speed and create turbulence through a combination of viscous and form drag, which are determined by the permeability (K) and drag coefficient (Cd), respectively. Wind tunnel experiments were conducted with three commonly found climbers (Hedera helix, Parthenocissus tricuspidata and Parthenocissus quinquefolia) and the variation of leaf area density was investigated for two of them. It was observed that the air resistance depended on plant species, leaf area density and wind speed. The difference between the plant species was assigned to the functional leaf size (FLS), the ratio of the largest circle within the boundaries of the leaf to the total leaf area. FLS is likely associated with other morphological characteristics of plants that, when considered collectively, provide a more comprehensive representation of leaf complexity. The pressure and velocity measurements obtained were used to optimise the permeability and drag coefficient in a CFD model. At wind speeds below 0.6 m s-1, the resistance was mainly determined by viscous drag and a larger leaf size resulted in a higher viscous drag. At wind speeds above 1.5 m s-1, form drag was dominant and the parameterised Cd decreased with increasing wind speed due to the sheltering effect of successive plant elements. The leaf area density had a significant effect on K and Cd and, is therefore an important plant parameters in CFD models. The main conclusion here is that the common practice of using a constant Cd to model the influence of plants on the air flow leads to deviations from reality. Wind tunnels are highly suitable to study the impact of green walls on PM concentration under controlled environmental conditions. For this purpose, a new wind tunnel setup was built and great attention was paid to obtaining a uniform air flow. Thus, based on CFD models, appropriate flow controllers were chosen, consisting of honeycombs and screens with different mesh sizes. New PM generation devices and measuring equipment were installed and set up appropriately. Devices were available for generating and measuring ultrafine dust (<0.1 µm, i.e. PM0.1) and fine dust (<0.3 µm, i.e. PM0.3) consisting of soot particles, and, on the other hand, fine dust with particle sizes smaller than 2.5 (PM2.5) and 10 µm (PM10) consisting of 'Arizona fine test dust'. With the new wind tunnel setup, it was possible to measure the influence of Hedera helix (common ivy), grown in a planter against a climbing aid, on the PM concentration and this was expressed by a collection efficiency, i.e. the difference in concentration in front and behind the plants normalised for the incoming concentration. The collection efficiency of H. helix depended on the particle size of the PM and wind speed. The collection efficiency decreased when the particle size increased from 0.02 to 0.2 µm and increased again for particle sizes above 0.3 µm. The collection efficiency also increased with increasing wind speed, especially for particle sizes > 0.03 µm. On the other hand, relative humidity and the type of PM (soot or dust) did not significantly affect the collection efficiency. The main objective of this study was to obtain an optimised size-resolved deposition model. Dry deposition occurs through several mechanisms, in particular gravity, diffusion, impaction and interception, and the subsequent resuspension of deposited PM back to the environment. The modelling of these mechanisms was described by \citet{Zhang2001} and \citet{Petroff2010}. The data obtained from the wind tunnel experiments allowed validating these deposition models. It was for the first time that deposition of real PM on green walls was studied. The different PM deposition mechanisms were found to be strongly dependent on particle size and wind speed. The models of \citet{Zhang2001} and \citet{Petroff2010} each matched PM concentration measurements for only certain particle sizes. Therefore, a combination of the two models was investigated and the root mean square error was lower by on average 3.5% (PM < 0.03 µm) and 46% (PM > 0.03 µm) compared to the original models at wind speeds greater than 1.5 m s-1. For wind speeds less than 1.5 m s-1, the optimised model did not differ from the original models. The optimised model was able to meet the imposed criteria for air quality models, where a correct model exhibits low deviation from measurements ('normalised mean square error' < 1.5), low bias ('fractional bias' between -0.3 and 0.3) and high R2. In comparison, the R$2$ of the optimised model was 0.57, while that of Zhang et al. (2001) and Petroff et al. (2010) was 0.23 and 0.31, respectively. The optimised model was however characterised by a high scatter, with the fraction of modeled results located within a factor of two of the measurements being lower than 50. A model study with a green façade oriented parallel to the incoming airflow showed that deposition by interception and impaction reduced remarkably, but that the orientation had no effect on deposition by Brownian diffusion. A promising green wall form for PM mitigation is the living wall system (LWS). LWS consist of supporting structures with substrate to grow plants in and can be planted with a variety of plant species. This allows to select plant species with optimal characteristics to achieve PM deposition. These characteristics refer to the macro- and microstructure of the leaves, and research has been conducted mainly on these. On the other hand, the influence of the supporting structure and substrate on PM concentrations has rarely been studied. With the new wind tunnel setup, LWS from different manufacturers were tested for their ability to capture PM. The setups were subjected for three hours to an air flow with a low PM concentration (resuspension phase) and then for three hours to an air flow to which additional PM was added (deposition phase). Some setups were able to decrease the PM concentration during both phases, while others just caused the concentration to increase. Some systems were able to reduce particulate matter concentration during both phases, namely LWS consisting of planters (-2% and -4% for PM0.1 and PM2.5, respectively) and textile cloths (-23% and -5% for PM0.1 and PM2.5, respectively). While other systems actually resulted in an increase in concentration especially LWS existing textile fabrics consisting of geotextiles (+11% for both PM fractions) and with moss as substrate (+2% and +5% for PM0.1 and PM2.5, respectively). This highlights the importance of careful selection of suspension systems to reduce particulate matter concentrations. Further research is therefore needed on the materials used in these systems in relation to their particulate content, as well as on plant development in these systems. In addition to air measurements, measurements were taken of the amount of PM deposited on the leaves and suspension system of LWS. This allowed the difference in PM resuspension and deposition between plant species to be investigated. The amount of deposited particulate matter was determined based on 'saturation isothermal remanent magnetisation' (SIRM), a measure of magnetisable particulate matter. This was possible because the added 'Arizona fine test dust' contained iron oxide. However, no significant difference was observed between the SIRM values measured before the wind tunnel experiment, after resuspension and after deposition. This suggested that the iron oxide content in the Arizona fine test dust was too low to measure a significant difference in the SIRM values on leaves after three hours. The plant species did give rise to different SIRM values ranging between 5 and 260 µ A. In particular, SIRM values above 26 µ A were observed for the plant species that were grouped due to their significantly higher accumulation of PM. 'Specific leaf area' (SLA), specifically the ratio of the one-sided 'fresh' leaf area to its dry mass, was the significant leaf characteristic. SLA correlated with leaf complexity. In particular, plant species with elongated leaves were characterized by low SLA, high FLS and high complexity and showed significantly higher SIRM values. Finally, the optimised size-resolved deposition model was also tested in an urban model to get an idea of the impact of a green wall on PM concentrations in a so-called 'street canyon'. These are narrow streets with high buildings on both sides, making air pollution more persistent. To this end, an ideal scenario was tested in which a green wall was introduced along both sides of the street over a length of about 270 m. The model result showed a decrease in PM2.5 and PM10 of 46 ± 12% and 52 ± 14%. This result is of course for a very optimal scenario where the green wall covers the entire building façades. Since this is not feasible in reality, other ways of promoting contact between green walls and polluted air can be explored. The insights obtained illustrate that the use of climbing plants can be a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution to reduce PM concentrations. Moreover, the findings showed that models can be used to investigate the impact of green walls on PM levels. These findings fit within the broader context of designing healthy and sustainable urban environments and developing innovative solutions based on solid scientific knowledge. |
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