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“About “bulky&rdquo, links, generated by generalized Möbius Listing's bodies GML3n”. Tavkhelidze I, Cassisa C, Gielis J, Ricci PE, Matematica e applicazioni : atti della Accademia nazionale dei Lincei 24, 11 (2013). http://doi.org/10.4171/RLM/643
Abstract: In the present paper we consider the “bulky knots'' and ”bulky links'', which appear after cutting a Generalized Möbius Listing's GMLn3 body (whose radial cross section is a plane 3-symmetric figure with three vertices) along different Generalized Möbius Listing's surfaces GMLn2 situated in it. This article is aimed to investigate the number and geometric structure of the independent objects appearing after such a cutting process of GMLn3 bodies. In most cases we are able to count the indices of the resulting mathematical objects according to the known tabulation for Knots and Links of small complexity.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.4171/RLM/643
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Reniers G, Sö,rensen K, Vrancken K (2013) Management principles of sustainable industrial chemistry : theories, concepts and industrial examples for achieving sustainable chemical products and processes from a non-technological viewpoint. 274 p
Keywords: ME1 Book as editor or co-editor; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1002/9783527649488
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“Sustainable industrial chemistry from a nontechnological viewpoint”. Reniers G, Sörensen K, Vrancken K page 33 (2013).
Keywords: H1 Book chapter; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1002/9783527649488.CH4
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“Study on alternative approaches to corrosion protection of ballast tanks using an economic model”. De Baere K, Verstraelen H, Rigo P, Van Passel S, Lenaerts S, Potters G, Marine structures 32, 1 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.MARSTRUC.2013.02.003
Abstract: One of the most relevant problems in ship construction and maintenance nowadays is corrosion in ballast tanks of modern merchant vessels. On the one hand, there is a general consensus that the economic lifespan of such a vessel depends, to a large degree, upon the corrosion state of its ballast tanks, while on the other hand these ballast tanks, located between the outer hull and the cargo tanks, makes routine inspection and maintenance a difficult task. Today, ship's ballast tanks are usually constructed in steel and protected with an epoxy coating backed up by sacrificial zinc anodes. Such a construction has been applied without significant alterations for many years. The objective of this economic study is to compare this construction method with some potential alternatives. The considered alternatives are: (1) an increase in structural scantlings, eliminating the necessity to replace corroded at a cost of real cargo carrying capacity of the ship, (2) application of the novel and more durable TSCF25 coating (3), the use of corrosion resistant steel in ship construction and (4) a standard PSPC15 coating combined with lifetime lasting aluminum sacrificial anodes. A cost model was used to evaluate these alternative options together with sensitivity analysis. It is concluded that the durable coating and the use of lifetime lasting aluminum anodes are bound to improve the actual basic tank concept. Corrosion resistant steel becomes attractive when the steel price becomes competitive.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Impact Factor: 2.052
Times cited: 15
DOI: 10.1016/J.MARSTRUC.2013.02.003
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“A GLUE uncertainty analysis of a drying model of pharmaceutical granules”. Mortier STFC, Van Hoey S, Cierkens K, Gernaey KV, Seuntjens P, De Baets B, De Beer T, Nopens I, European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics 85, 984 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJPB.2013.03.012
Abstract: A shift from batch processing towards continuous processing is of interest in the pharmaceutical industry. However, this transition requires detailed knowledge and process understanding of all consecutive unit operations in a continuous manufacturing line to design adequate control strategies. This can be facilitated by developing mechanistic models of the multi-phase systems in the process. Since modelling efforts only started recently in this field, uncertainties about the model predictions are generally neglected. However, model predictions have an inherent uncertainty (i.e. prediction uncertainty) originating from uncertainty in input data, model parameters, model structure, boundary conditions and software. In this paper, the model prediction uncertainty is evaluated for a model describing the continuous drying of single pharmaceutical wet granules in a six-segmented fluidized bed drying unit, which is part of the full continuous from-powder-to-tablet manufacturing line (Consigma (TM), GEA Pharma Systems). A validated model describing the drying behaviour of a single pharmaceutical granule in two consecutive phases is used. First of all, the effect of the assumptions at the particle level on the prediction uncertainty is assessed. Secondly, the paper focuses on the influence of the most sensitive parameters in the model. Finally, a combined analysis (particle level plus most sensitive parameters) is performed and discussed. To propagate the uncertainty originating from the parameter uncertainty to the model output, the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) method is used. This method enables a modeller to incorporate the information obtained from the experimental data in the assessment of the uncertain model predictions and to find a balance between model performance and data precision. A detailed evaluation of the obtained uncertainty analysis results is made with respect to the model structure, interactions between parameters and uncertainty boundaries. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1016/J.EJPB.2013.03.012
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“Immobilization of TiO2 into self-supporting photocatalytic foam : influence of calcination temperature”. Tytgat T, Smits M, Lenaerts S, Verbruggen SW, International journal of applied ceramic technology 11, 714 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1111/IJAC.12086
Abstract: Immobilization of photocatalytic powder is crucial to obtain industrially relevant purification processes. To achieve this goal, self-supporting TiO2 foams were manufactured by a polyacrylamide gel process. These gels were calcined at different temperatures to study the effect of the calcination temperature on foam characteristics (rigidity, crystallinity, and porosity) and its influence on photocatalytic activity. The results show that an optimal degradation is achieved for those foams calcined between 700 and 800°C. Calcination at higher temperatures results in a steep decrease in activity, explained by stability issues of the material due to formation of Na2SO4 phases and a larger rutile fraction.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Impact Factor: 1.048
Times cited: 2
DOI: 10.1111/IJAC.12086
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“Reducing the cost of ballast tank corrosion : an economic modeling approach”. De Baere K, Verstraelen H, Rigo P, Van Passel S, Lenaerts S, Potters G, Marine structures 32, 136 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.MARSTRUC.2012.10.009
Abstract: One of the most relevant problems in ship construction and maintenance nowadays concerns the corrosion in the double hull space ballast tanks of modern merchant vessels. On the one hand, there is a general consensus that the economic life span of such a vessel depends primarily upon the corrosion state of its ballast tanks, while on the other hand, the position of these tanks, squeezed between the outer hull and the loading tanks, makes routine inspection and maintenance almost impossible. Today, ship's ballast tanks are usually constructed in grade A steel and protected with a standard epoxy coating, backed up with sacrificial zinc anodes. Such a construction has been applied without significant alterations for many years. However, the objective of this economic study is to compare this construction method with some feasible alternatives. The considered alternatives are: (1) an increase of the scantlings, eliminating the necessity to replace corroded steel but diminishing the cargo carrying capacity of the ship, (2) application of the novel and more durable TSCF25 coating (3), the use of corrosion resistant steel in ship construction or (4) a standard PSPC15 coating combined with lifetime lasting aluminum sacrificial anodes. After running each alternative through a cost model including an extensive sensitivity analysis, it is concluded that the durable coating and the use of lifetime lasting aluminum anodes are bound to improve the actual basic tank concept. Corrosion resistant steel becomes attractive depending upon the evolution of the international steel market.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Impact Factor: 2.052
Times cited: 9
DOI: 10.1016/J.MARSTRUC.2012.10.009
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“The Dirichlet problem for the Laplace equation in supershaped annuli”. Caratelli D, Gielis J, Tavkhelidze I, Ricci PE, Boundary value problems , 113 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1186/1687-2770-2013-113
Abstract: The Dirichlet problem for the Laplace equation in normal-polar annuli is addressed by using a suitable Fourier-like technique. Attention is in particular focused on the wide class of domains whose boundaries are defined by the so-called superformula introduced by Gielis. A dedicated numerical procedure based on the computer algebra system Mathematica© is developed in order to validate the proposed methodology. In this way, highly accurate approximations of the solution, featuring properties similar to the classical ones, are obtained.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1186/1687-2770-2013-113
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“A field study of the effectiveness of sacrificial anodes in ballast tanks of merchant ships”. De Baere K, Verstraelen H, Lemmens L, Lenaerts S, Dewil R, Van Ingelgem Y, Potters G, Journal of marine science and technology 19, 116 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1007/S00773-013-0232-3
Abstract: Sacrificial anodes have become a standard practice for the protection of ballast tanks of merchant vessels against corrosive damage. A well protected tank should extend the life span of a ship and consequently enhances its economic value. An in situ survey comprising more than 100 merchant vessels provided the opportunity to measure the impact of these anodes on the life expectancy of these vessels. Contrary to the general belief of these anodes beneficial effect, no significant difference was found in our observations in terms of corrosion occurrence between ship populations with and without sacrificial anodes, across all ship ages. This may be explained by the highly variable conditions and the complex geometry in a ballast tank severely impede optimal and straightforward installation of these anodes in these tanks. Also, poorly placed anodes in it may harm the integrity of the coating of the tank. We therefore plead for uniform and clear rules on anode installation and inspection.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Impact Factor: 0.838
Times cited: 3
DOI: 10.1007/S00773-013-0232-3
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“About “bulky&rdquo, links generated by generalized Möbius-Listing bodies GML2n”. Gielis J, Tavkhelidze I, Ricci PE, Journal of mathematical sciences 193, 449 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1007/S10958-013-1474-7
Abstract: In this paper, we consider the bulky knots and bulky links, which appear after cutting of a Generalized MöbiusListing GMLn2 body (with the radial cross section a convex plane 2-symmetric figure with two vertices) along a different Generalized MöbiusListing surfaces GMLn2 situated in it. The aim of this report is to investigate the number and geometric structure of the independent objects that appear after such a cutting process of GMLn2 bodies. In most cases we are able to count the indices of the resulting mathematical objects according to the known classification for the standard knots and links.
Keywords: A2 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1007/S10958-013-1474-7
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“Predicting the surface plasmon resonance wavelength of gold-silver alloy nanoparticles”. Verbruggen SW, Keulemans M, Martens JA, Lenaerts S, The journal of physical chemistry: C : nanomaterials and interfaces 117, 19142 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1021/JP4070856
Abstract: Gold-silver alloy nanoparticles display surface plasmon resonance (SPR) over a broad range of the UV-vis spectrum. We propose a model to predict the SPR wavelength of gold-silver alloy colloids based on the combined effect of alloy composition and particle size. The SPR wavelength is derived from extinction spectra simulated using available experimental dielectric constant data and accounts for particle size by applying Mie theory. Comparison of calculated values with experimental data evidences the accuracy of the model. The new SPR wavelength estimation tool will be of particular interest for developing dedicated bimetallic plasmonic nanostructures.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Impact Factor: 4.536
Times cited: 51
DOI: 10.1021/JP4070856
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“Characterisation of hydrous ferric oxides derived from iron-rich groundwaters and their contribution to the suspended sediment of streams”. Baken S, Sjostedt C, Gustafsson JP, Seuntjens P, Desmet N, De Schutter J, Smolders E, Applied geochemistry 39, 59 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.APGEOCHEM.2013.09.013
Abstract: When Fe(II) bearing groundwaters surface in streams, particulate authigenic Fe-rich material is produced by oxidation. Such freshly precipitated Fe minerals may be transported as suspended sediment and have a profound impact on the fate of trace metals and nutrients in rivers. The objective of this study was to monitor changes in mineralogy and composition of authigenic material from its source to streams of increasing order. Groundwaters, surface waters, and suspended sediment in streams of different order were sampled in the Kleine Nete catchment (Belgium), a lowland with Fe-rich groundwaters (3.5-53.8 mg Fe/L; pH 6.3-6.9). Fresh authigenic material (>0.45 mu m) was produced by oxidising filtered (<0.45 mu m) groundwater and surface water. This material contained, on average, 44% Fe, and smaller concentrations of C, P, and Ca. Iron EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure) spectroscopy showed that the Fe was present as poorly crystalline hydrous ferric oxides with a structure similar to that of ferrihydrite. The Fe concentration in the suspended sediment samples decreased to 36-40% (stream order 2), and further to 18-26% (stream order 4 and 5). Conversely, the concentrations of organic C, Ca, Si, and trace metals increased with increasing stream order, suggesting mixing of authigenic material with suspended sediment from a different source. The Fe speciation in the suspended sediment was similar to that in fresh authigenic material, but more Fe-Fe interactions were observed, i.e. it was increasingly hydrolysed, suggesting ageing reactions. The suspended sediment in the streams of order 4 and 5 is estimated to contain between 31% and 59% of authigenic material, but more data are needed to refine this estimate. The authigenic material is an important sink for P in these streams which may alleviate the eutrophication risk in this catchment. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1016/J.APGEOCHEM.2013.09.013
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“Characterization and analysis of the adsorption immobilization mechanism of \beta-galactosidase on metal oxide powders”. Satyawali Y, Van Roy S, Roevens A, Meynen V, Mullens S, Jochems P, Doyen W, Cauwenberghs L, Dejonghe W, RSC advances 3, 24054 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1039/C3RA45107K
Abstract: Immobilization of the enzymes plays a vital role in enhancing their applicability in a wide range of applications, thus ensuring the use of sustainable enzymatic processes over the conventional chemical processes on an industrial scale. This study provides the background information for the selection and screening of inorganic metal oxide (MO) powders for their use as fillers in mixed matrix membranes for enzyme immobilization as the future aim. A total of 13 MOs, ranging in size from 0.01 μm to <5 μm, were tested for their performance as a support for enzyme (β-galactosidase) immobilization via adsorption. Alumina appeared to be the best performing MO with the amount and activity of the immobilized enzyme being 64 mg g−1 and up to 288 U g−1, respectively. The amount of immobilized enzyme on alumina (α-Al2O3 C and γ-Al2O3) was >3 times higher than ZrO2 (used as a reference MO in this study). Upon heat treatment at 900 °C, up to 15%, 52% and 42% decline was observed in the amount of immobilized enzyme in case of alumina metal oxides (MOs), ZrO2 and TiO2, respectively. The results suggested that both isoelectric point and surface area of the MO influence the immobilization. The most important observation in this study was that the bonding of the enzyme to the MO surface seems to be mediated by the bonding/interaction of the buffer to the enzyme.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1039/C3RA45107K
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“Effect of process parameters on the photocatalytic soot degradation on self-cleaning cementitious materials”. Smits M, Huygh D, Craeye B, Lenaerts S, Catalysis today 230, 250 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.CATTOD.2013.10.001
Abstract: Soot deposition has the negative ability to devalue the aesthetic appearance of buildings. Titanium dioxide applied on the building material is one way to counteract this problem as it provides air-purifying and self-cleaning properties due to its photocatalytic activity. In literature, photocatalytic soot oxidation was described, but until now, little information was available about the influence of process parameters on the photocatalytic degradation efficiency. The influence of three process parameters was tested in this study, namely TiO2 concentration, soot concentration and water-to-cement ratio (WIC-ratio) of the mortar substrates. The results revealed 50 mu gTiO(2) cm(-2) is better to use on the cementitious materials than 250 mu gTiO(2) cm(-2). The soot concentrations occurring in real-world situations will not inhibit the photocatalyst to be activated by light. Furthermore, the photonic efficiency increases slightly for lower WIC-ratios. This can be of interest for structural building applications, since a lower WIC-ratio results in a lower porosity of the samples and consequently in an increase in mortar strength. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL); Energy and Materials in Infrastructure and Buildings (EMIB)
Impact Factor: 4.636
Times cited: 14
DOI: 10.1016/J.CATTOD.2013.10.001
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“Kinetics of dechlorination by Dehalococcoides mccartyi using different carbon sources”. Schneidewind U, Haest PJ, Atashgahi S, Seuntjens P, et al, Journal of contaminant hydrology 157, 25 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCONHYD.2013.10.006
Abstract: Stimulated anaerobic dechlorination is generally considered a valuable step for the remediation of aquifers polluted with chlorinated ethenes (CEs). Correct simulation and prediction of this process in situ, however, require good knowledge of the associated biological reactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dechlorination reaction in an aquifer contaminated with trichloroethene (TCE) and its daughter products, discharging into the Zenne River. Different carbon sources were used in batch cultures and these were related to the dechlorination reaction, together with the monitored biomarkers. Appropriate kinetic formulations were assessed. Reductive dechlorination of TCE took place only when external carbon sources were added to microcosms, and occurred concomitant with a pronounced increase in the Dehalococcoides mccartyi cell count as determined by 16S rRNA gene-targeted qPCR. This indicates that native dechlorinating bacteria are present in the aquifer of the Zenne site and that the oligotrophic nature of the aquifer prevents a complete degradation to ethene. The type of carbon source, the cell number of D. mccartyi or the reductive dehalogenase genes, however, did not unequivocally explain the observed differences in degradation rates or the extent of dechlorination. Neither first-order, Michaelis-Menten nor Monod kinetics could perfectly simulate the dechlorination reactions in TCE spiked microcosms. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the inclusion of donor limitation would not significantly enhance the simulations without a clear process understanding. Results point to the role of the supporting microbial community but it remains to be verified how the complexity of the microbial (inter)actions should be represented in a model framework. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCONHYD.2013.10.006
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“Sustainability appraisal tools for soil and groundwater remediation : how is the choice of remediation alternative influenced by different sets of sustainability indicators and tool structures?”.Beames A, Broekx S, Lookman R, Touchant K, Seuntjens P, The science of the total environment 470, 954 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2013.10.044
Abstract: The state-of-the-science in sustainability assessment of soil and groundwater remediation is evaluated with the application of four decision support systems (DSSs) to a large-scale brownfield revitalization case study. The DSSs were used to perform sustainability appraisals of four technically feasible remediation alternatives proposed for the site. The first stage of the review compares the scope of each tool's sustainability indicators, how these indicators are measured and how the tools differ in terms of standardization and weighting procedures. The second stage of the review compares the outputs from the tools and determines the key factors that result in differing results between tools. The evaluation of indicator sets and tool structures explains why the tools generate differing results. Not all crucial impact areas, as identified by sustainable remediation forums, are thoroughly considered by the tools, particularly with regard to the social and economic aspects of sustainability. Variations in boundary conditions defined between technologies, produce distorted environmental impact results, especially when in-situ and ex-situ technologies are compared. The review draws attention to the need for end users to be aware of which aspects of sustainability are considered, how the aspects are measured and how all aspects are ultimately balanced in the evaluation of potential remediation strategies. Existing tools can be improved by considering different technologies within the same boundary conditions and by expanding indicator sets to include indicators deemed to be relevant by remediation forums. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2013.10.044
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“Fourier-Hankel solution of the Robin problem for the Helmholtz equation in supershaped annular domains”. Caratelli D, Gielis J, Tavkhelidze I, Ricci PE, Boundary value problems , 253 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1186/1687-2770-2013-253
Abstract: The Robin problem for the Helmholtz equation in normal-polar annuli is addressed by using a suitable Fourier-Hankel series technique. Attention is in particular focused on the wide class of domains whose boundaries are defined by the so-called superformula introduced by Gielis. A dedicated numerical procedure based on the computer algebra system Mathematica© is developed in order to validate the proposed methodology. In this way, highly accurate approximations of the solution, featuring properties similar to the classical ones, are obtained.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1186/1687-2770-2013-253
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“Controllable nitrogen doping in as deposited TiO2 film and its effect on post deposition annealing”. Deng S, Verbruggen SW, Lenaerts S, Martens JA, Van den Berghe S, Devloo-Casier K, Devulder W, Dendoover J, Deduytsche D, Detavernier C, Journal of vacuum science and technology: A: vacuum surfaces and films 32, 01a123 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1116/1.4847976
Abstract: In order to narrow the band gap of TiO2, nitrogen doping by combining thermal atomic layer deposition (TALD) of TiO2 and plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) of TiN has been implemented. By altering the ratio between TALD TiO2 and PEALD TiN, the as synthesized TiOxNy films showed different band gaps (from 1.91 eV to 3.14 eV). In situ x-ray diffraction characterization showed that the crystallization behavior of these films changed after nitrogen doping. After annealing in helium, nitrogen doped TiO2 films crystallized into rutile phase while for the samples annealed in air a preferential growth of the anatase TiO2 along (001) orientation was observed. Photocatalytic tests of the degradation of stearic acid were done to evaluate the effect of N doping on the photocatalytic activity.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Impact Factor: 1.374
Times cited: 10
DOI: 10.1116/1.4847976
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“Microbial fixation of CO2 in water bodies and in drylands to combat climate change, soil loss and desertification”. Rossi F, Olguin EJ, Diels L, De Philippis R, New biotechnology 32, 109 (2015). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.NBT.2013.12.002
Abstract: The growing concern for the increase of the global warming effects due to anthropogenic activities raises the challenge of finding novel technological approaches to stabilize CO2 emissions in the atmosphere and counteract impinging interconnected issues such as desertification and loss of biodiversity. Biological-CO2 mitigation, triggered through biological fixation, is considered a promising and eco-sustainable method, mostly owing to its downstream benefits that can be exploited. Microorganisms such as cyanobacteria, green algae and some autotrophic bacteria could potentially fix CO2 more efficiently than higher plants, due to their faster growth. Some examples of the potential of biological-CO2 mitigation are reported and discussed in this paper. In arid and semiarid environments, soil carbon sequestration (CO2 fixation) by cyanobacteria and biological soil crusts is considered an eco-friendly and natural process to increase soil C content and a viable pathway to soil restoration after one disturbance event. Another way for biological-CO2 mitigation intensively studied in the last few years is related to the possibility to perform carbon dioxide sequestration using microalgae, obtaining at the same time bioproducts of industrial interest. Another possibility under study is the exploitation of specific chemotrophic bacteria, such as Ralstonia eutropha (or picketii) and related organisms, for CO2 fixation coupled with the production chemicals such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). In spite of the potential of these processes, multiple factors still have to be optimized for maximum rate of CO2 fixation by these microorganisms. The optimization of culture conditions, including the optimal concentration of CO2 in the provided gas, the use of metabolic engineering and of dual purpose systems for the treatment of wastewater and production of biofuels and high value products within a biorefinery concept, the design of photobioreactors in the case of phototrophs are some of the issues that, among others, have to be addressed and tested for cost-effective CO2 sequestration.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1016/J.NBT.2013.12.002
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“Corrosion rate estimations of microscale zerovalent iron particles via direct hydrogen production measurements”. Velimirovic M, Carniato L, Simons Q, Schoups G, Seuntjens P, Bastiaens L, Journal of hazardous materials 270, 18 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2014.01.034
Abstract: In this study, the aging behavior of microscale zerovalent iron (mZVI) particles was investigated by quantifying the hydrogen gas generated by anaerobic mZVI corrosion in batch degradation experiments. Granular iron and nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) particles were included in this study as controls. Firstly, experiments in liquid medium (without aquifer material) were performed and revealed that mZV1 particles have approximately a 10-30 times lower corrosion rate than nZVI particles. A good correlation was found between surface area normalized corrosion rate (R-SA) and reaction rate constants (K-SA) of PCE, TCE, cDCE and 1,1,1-TCA. Generally, particles with higher degradation rates also have faster corrosion rates, but exceptions do exists. In a second phase, the hydrogen evolution was also monitored during batch tests in the presence of aquifer material and real groundwater. A 4-9 times higher corrosion rate of mZV1 particles was observed under the natural environment in comparison with the aquifer free artificial condition, which can be attributed to the low pH of the aquifer and its buffer capacity. A corrosion model was calibrated on the batch experiments to take into account the inhibitory effects of the corrosion products (dissolved iron, hydrogen and OH-) on the iron corrosion rate. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2014.01.034
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“Atomic layer deposition-based synthesis of photoactive TiO2 nanoparticle chains by using carbon nanotubes as sacrificial templates”. Deng S, Verbruggen SW, He Z, Cott DJ, Vereecken PM, Martens JA, Bals S, Lenaerts S, Detavernier C, RSC advances 4, 11648 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1039/c3ra42928h
Abstract: Highly ordered and self supported anatase TiO2 nanoparticle chains were fabricated by calcining conformally TiO2 coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). During annealing, the thin tubular TiO2 coating that was deposited onto the MWCNTs by atomic layer deposition (ALD) was transformed into chains of TiO2 nanoparticles ([similar]12 nm diameter) with an ultrahigh surface area (137 cm2 per cm2 of substrate), while at the same time the carbon from the MWCNTs was removed. Photocatalytic tests on the degradation of acetaldehyde proved that these forests of TiO2 nanoparticle chains are highly photoactive under UV light because of their well crystallized anatase phase.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Impact Factor: 3.108
Times cited: 45
DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42928h
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“Cost-effectiveness analysis to assess commercial TiO2 photocatalysts for acetaldehyde degradation in air”. Verbruggen SW, Tytgat T, Van Passel S, Martens JA, Lenaerts S, Chemicke zvesti 68, 1273 (2014). http://doi.org/10.2478/S11696-014-0557-3
Abstract: In the commercialisation of photocatalytic air purifiers, the performance as well as the cost of the catalytic material plays an important role. Where most comparative studies only regard the photocatalytic activity as a decisive parameter, in this study both activity and cost are taken into account. Using a cost-effectiveness analysis, six different commercially available TiO2-based catalysts are evaluated in terms of their activities in photocatalytic degradation of acetaldehyde as a model reaction for indoor air purification.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Impact Factor: 1.258
Times cited: 10
DOI: 10.2478/S11696-014-0557-3
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“Dynamic identifiability analysis-based model structure evaluation considering rating curve uncertainty”. Van Hoey S, Nopens I, van der Kwast J, Seuntjens P, Journal of hydrologic engineering 20, 04014072 (2015). http://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000995
Abstract: When applying hydrological models, different sources of uncertainty are present, and evaluations of model performances should take these into account to assess model outcomes correctly. Furthermore, uncertainty in the discharge observations complicates the model identification, both in terms of model structure and parameterization. In this paper, the authors compare two different lumped model structures (PDM and NAM) considering uncertainty coming from the rating curve. Limits of acceptability for the model simulations were determined based on derived uncertainty bounds of the discharge observations. The authors applied the DYNamic Identifiability Approach (DYNIA) to identify structural failure of both models and to evaluate the configuration of their structures. In general, similar model performances are observed. However, the model structures tend to behave differently in the course of time, as revealed by the DYNIA approach. Based on the analyses performed, the probability based soil storage representation of the PDM model outperforms the NAM structure. The incorporation of the observation error did not prevent the DYNIA analysis to identify potential model structural deficiencies that are limiting the representation of the seasonal variation, primarily indicated by shifting regions of parameter identifiability. As such, the proposed approach is able to indicate where deficiencies are found and model improvement is needed.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000995
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“Use of online water quality monitoring for assessing the effects of WWTP overflows in rivers”. Boënne W, Desmet N, Van Looy S, Seuntjens P, Environmental science : processes &, impacts 16, 1510 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1039/C3EM00449J
Abstract: The effects on river water quality of sewer overflows are not well known. Since the duration of the overflow is in the order of magnitude of minutes to hours, continuous measurements of water quality are needed and traditional grab sampling is unable to quantify the pollution loads. The objective of this paper was to demonstrate the applicability of high frequency measurements for assessing the impacts of waste water treatment plants on the water quality of the receiving surface water. In our in situ water quality monitoring setup, two types of multiparameter sensors mounted on a floating fixed platform were used to determine the dynamics of dissolved oxygen, specific conductivity, ammonium-N, nitrate-N and dissolved organic carbon downstream of a waste water treatment plant (WWTP), in combination with data on rainfall, river discharge and WWTP overflow discharge. The monitoring data for water quantity and water quality were used to estimate the pollution load from waste water overflow events and to assess the impact of waste water overflows on the river water quality. The effect of sewer overflow on a small river in terms of N load was shown to be significant. The WWTP overflow events accounted for about 1/3 of the river discharge. The NH4-N loads during overflow events contributed 29% and 21% to the August 2010 and June 2011 load, respectively, in only 8% and 3% of the monthly time span. The results indicate that continuous monitoring is needed to accurately represent the effects of sewer overflows in river systems.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1039/C3EM00449J
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“Plasmonic goldsilver alloy on TiO2 photocatalysts with tunable visible light activity”. Verbruggen SW, Keulemans M, Filippousi M, Flahaut D, Van Tendeloo G, Lacombe S, Martens JA, Lenaerts S, Applied catalysis : B : environmental 156, 116 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.03.027
Abstract: Adaptation of the photoresponse of anatase TiO2 to match the solar spectrum is an important scientific challenge. Modification of TiO2 with noble metal nanoparticles displaying surface plasmon resonance effects is one of the promising approaches. Surface plasmon resonance typically depends on chemical composition, size, shape and spatial organization of the metal nanoparticles in contact with TiO2. AuxAg(1 − x) alloy nanoparticles display strong composition-dependent surface plasmon resonance in the visible light region of the spectrum. In this work, a general strategy is presented to prepare plasmonic TiO2-based photocatalysts with a visible light response that can be accurately tuned over a broad range of the spectrum. The application as self-cleaning material toward the degradation of stearic acid is demonstrated for a plasmonic TiO2 photocatalyst displaying visible light photoactivity at the intensity maximum of solar light around 490 nm.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Impact Factor: 9.446
Times cited: 84
DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.03.027
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“Model-based scenario analysis of the impact of remediation measures on metal leaching from soils contaminated by historic smelter emissions”. Joris I, Bronders J, van der Grift B, Seuntjens P, Journal of environmental quality 43, 859 (2014). http://doi.org/10.2134/JEQ2013.07.0287
Abstract: A spatially distributed model for leaching of Cd from the unsaturated zone was developed for the Belgian-Dutch transnational Kempen region. The model uses as input land-use maps, atmospheric deposition data, and soil data and is part of a larger regional model that simulates transport of Cd in soil, groundwater, and surface water. A new method for deriving deposition from multiple sites was validated using soil data in different wind directions. Leaching was calculated for the period 1890 to 2010 using a reconstruction of metal loads in the region. The model was able to reproduce spatial patterns of concentrations in soil and groundwater and predicted the concentration in shallow groundwater adequately well for the purpose of evaluating management options. For 42% of the data points, measurements and calculations were within the same concentration class. The model was used for forecasting under a reference scenario, an autonomous development scenario including climate change, and a scenario with implementation of remediation measures. The impact of autonomous development (under the most extreme scenario of climatic change) amounted to an increase of 10% in cumulative Cd flux after 100 yr as compared with the reference scenario. The impact of remediation measures was mainly local and is less pronounced (i.e., only 3% change in cumulative flux at the regional scale). The integrated model served as a tool to assist in developing management strategies and prioritization of remediation of the wide-spread heavy metal contamination in the region.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.2134/JEQ2013.07.0287
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“Photocatalytic acetaldehyde oxidation in air using spacious TiO2 films prepared by atomic layer deposition on supported carbonaceous sacrificial templates”. Verbruggen SW, Deng S, Kurttepeli M, Cott DJ, Vereecken PM, Bals S, Martens JA, Detavernier C, Lenaerts S, Applied catalysis : B : environmental 160, 204 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.05.029
Abstract: Supported carbon nanosheets and carbon nanotubes served as sacrificial templates for preparing spacious TiO2 photocatalytic thin films. Amorphous TiO2 was deposited conformally on the carbonaceous template material by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Upon calcination at 550 °C, the carbon template was oxidatively removed and the as-deposited continuous amorphous TiO2 layers transformed into interlinked anatase nanoparticles with an overall morphology commensurate to the original template structure. The effect of type of template, number of ALD cycles and gas residence time of pollutant on the photocatalytic activity, as well as the stability of the photocatalytic performance of these thin films was investigated. The TiO2 films exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity toward photocatalytic degradation of acetaldehyde in air as a model reaction for photocatalytic indoor air pollution abatement. Optimized films outperformed a reference film of commercial PC500.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Impact Factor: 9.446
Times cited: 37
DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.05.029
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“A multidimensional indicator set to assess the benefits of WEEE material recycling”. Nelen D, Manshoven S, Peeters JR, Vanegas P, D'Haese N, Vrancken K, Journal of cleaner production 83, 305 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2014.06.094
Abstract: EU strategies for waste management have long recognized the key role of recycling to move towards sustainable consumption and production. This resulted in a range of regulatory measures, among which the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive, which sets weight-based targets for recovery, preparation for re-use and recycling. The increasing strategic relevance of the supply of raw materials has, however, spurred a more integrated approach towards resource efficiency. In addition to the prevention of disposal, recycling practices are now also meant to contribute to sustainable materials management by pursuing (i) a higher degree of material cycle closure, (ii) an improved recovery of strategically relevant materials, and (iii) the avoidance of environmental burdens associated with the extraction and refining of primary raw materials. In response to this evolution, this paper reports about the development of an indicator set that allows to quantitatively demonstrate these recycling benefits, hence going further than the weight-based objectives employed in the WEEE directive. The indicators can be calculated for WEEE recycling processes for which information is available on both input and output fractions. It offers a comprehensive framework that aims to support decision making processes on product design, to identify opportunities for the optimization of WEEE End-of-Life scenarios, and to assess the achieved (or expected) results of implemented (or planned) recycling optimization strategies. The paper is illustrated by a case study on the recycling of LCD televisions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2014.06.094
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“Concept and validation of a fully automated photocatalytic test setup”. Tytgat T, Hauchecorne B, Smits M, Verbruggen S, Lenaerts S, Journal of laboratory automation 17, 134 (2012). http://doi.org/10.1177/2211068211424554
Abstract: Photocatalytic activity can be studied by several methods, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. To study photocatalytic activity in an easy, user-friendly, and realistic way, a completely new setup has been built. The setup is modularly constructed around Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy at the heart of it, resulting in great versatility. Complementary software has been written for automatic control of the setup and for processing the generated data. Two pollutants, oil and n-octane, are tested to validate the performance of the setup. These validation experiments confirm the usefulness and added value of the setup in general and of the FTIR detection methodology as well. It becomes clear that a system of online measurements with good repeatability, accuracy, and user-friendliness has been created.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Impact Factor: 2.85
Times cited: 15
DOI: 10.1177/2211068211424554
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“Synthesis and characterization of photoreactive TiO2carbon nanosheet composites”. Kurttepeli M, Deng S, Verbruggen SW, Guzzinati G, Cott DJ, Lenaerts S, Verbeeck J, Van Tendeloo G, Detavernier C, Bals S, The journal of physical chemistry: C : nanomaterials and interfaces 118, 21031 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1021/jp5067499
Abstract: We report the atomic layer deposition of titanium dioxide on carbon nanosheet templates and investigate the effects of postdeposition annealing in a helium environment using different characterization techniques. The crystallization of the titanium dioxide coating upon annealing is observed using in situ X-ray diffraction. The (micro)structural characterization of the films is carried out by scanning electron microscopy and advanced transmission electron microscopy techniques. Our study shows that the annealing of the atomic layer deposition processed and carbon nanosheets templated titanium dioxide layers in helium environment resulting in the formation of a porous, nanocrystalline and photocatalytically active titanium dioxide-carbon nanosheet composite film. Such composites are suitable for photocatalysis and dye-sensitized solar cells applications.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Impact Factor: 4.536
Times cited: 9
DOI: 10.1021/jp5067499
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