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“Monte Carlo simulation of an analytical glow discharge: motion of electrons, ions and fast neutrals in the cathode dark space”. Bogaerts A, van Straaten M, Gijbels R, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 50, 179 (1995). http://doi.org/10.1016/0584-8547(94)00117-E
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.176
Times cited: 95
DOI: 10.1016/0584-8547(94)00117-E
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“Multi-element model for the simulation of inductively coupled plasmas : effects of helium addition to the central gas stream”. Lindner H, Bogaerts A, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 66, 421 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2011.04.007
Abstract: A model for an atmospheric pressure inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is developed which allows rather easy extension to a variable number of species and ionisation degrees. This encompasses an easy calculation of transport parameters for mixtures, ionisation and heat capacity. The ICP is modeled in an axisymmetric geometry, taking into account the gas streaming into a flowing ambient gas. A mixture of argon and helium is applied in the injector gas stream as it is often done in laser ablation ICP spectrometry. The results show a strong influence of the added helium on the center of the ICP, which is important for chemical analysis. The length of the central channel is significantly increased and the temperature inside is significantly higher than in the case of pure argon. This means that higher gas volume flow rates can be applied by addition of helium compared to the use of pure argon. This has the advantage that the gas velocity in the transport system towards the ICP can be increased, which allows shorter washout-times. Consequently, shorter measurement times can be achieved, e.g. for spatial mapping analyses in laser ablation ICP spectrometry. Furthermore, the higher temperature and the longer effective plasma length will increase the maximum size of droplets or particles injected into the ICP that are completely evaporated at the detection site. Thus, we expect an increase of the analytical performance of the ICP by helium addition to the injector gas.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.241
Times cited: 28
DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2011.04.007
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“Multiplicity and contiguity of ablation mechanisms in laser-assisted analytical micro-sampling”. Bleiner D, Bogaerts A, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 61, 421 (2006). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2006.02.007
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.241
Times cited: 48
DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2006.02.007
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“Optimization of operating parameters for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry : a computational study”. Aghaei M, Lindner H, Bogaerts A, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 76, 56 (2012). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2012.06.006
Abstract: An inductively coupled plasma, connected to a mass spectrometer interface, is computationally investigated. The effect of pressure behind the sampler, injector gas flow rate, auxiliary gas flow rate, and applied power is studied. There seems to be an optimum range of injector gas flow rate for each setup which guaranties the presence and also a proper length of the central channel in the torch. Moreover, our modeling results show that for any specific purpose, it is possible to control that either only the central gas flow passes through the sampler orifice or that it is accompanied by the auxiliary gas flow. It was also found that depending on geometry, the variation of outgoing gas flow rate is much less than the variation of the injector gas flow rate and this causes a slightly higher pressure inside the torch. The general effect of increasing the applied power is a rise in the plasma temperature, which results in a higher ionization in the coil region. However, the negative effect is reducing the length of the cool central channel which is important to transfer the sample substances to the sampler. Using a proper applied power can enhance the efficiency of the system. Indeed, by changing the gas path lines, the power can control which flow (i.e., only from injector gas or also from the auxiliary gas) goes to the sampler orifice. Finally, as also reported from experiments in literature, the pressure behind the sampler has no dramatic effect on the plasma characteristics.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.241
Times cited: 18
DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2012.06.006
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“Plasma diagnostics of an analytical Grimm-type glow discharge in argon and in neon: Langmuir probe and optical emission spectroscopy measurements”. Bogaerts A, Quentmeier A, Jakubowski N, Gijbels R, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 50, 1337 (1995). http://doi.org/10.1016/0584-8547(95)01356-5
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.176
Times cited: 37
DOI: 10.1016/0584-8547(95)01356-5
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“Three-dimensional density profiles of sputtered atoms and ions in a direct current glow discharge: experimental study and comparison with calculations”. Bogaerts A, Wagner E, Smith BW, Winefordner JD, Pollmann D, Harrison WW, Gijbels R, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 52, 205 (1997)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.241
Times cited: 46
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“Three-dimensional density profiles of the argon metastable atoms in a direct current glow discharge: experimental study and comparison with calculations”. Bogaerts A, Guenard RD, Smith BW, Winefordner JD, Harrison WW, Gijbels R, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 52, 219 (1997)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.241
Times cited: 36
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“Change in silica sources in Roman and post Roman glass”. Aerts A, Janssens K, Velde B, Dijkman W, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 58, 659 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(02)00287-2
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.241
DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(02)00287-2
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“Characterization of the main causes of deterioration of grisaille paint layers in 19th C. stained-glass windows by J.-B. Capronnier”. Schalm O, Janssens K, Caen J, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 58, 589 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(02)00282-3
Abstract: Twenty-seven glass fragments containing dark coloured grisaille paint layers of different qualities were collected from ten windows of the cathedral St. Michael & St. Gudule in Brussels (Belgium). The windows were made by J.-B. Capronnier (18141891) and cover the period between 1843 and 1878. The samples were cross-sectioned and examined in an electron microscope. Grisaille paint layers are not homogeneous and therefore, it is not meaningful to characterize them in terms of their average composition. Instead, parameters such as granularity, the number of residual gas bubbles per running millimetre of paint, the type of pigments, and the thickness of the paint layer were used to characterize them. The microscopic morphology allows a classification of the grisaille paint layers in four groups, every group associated with a quality level. Moreover, the main causes of the accelerated degradation of some of these paint layers could be explained. The classification made it possible to distinguish two periods in the work of Capronnier: (1) the early period (18431848) is characterized by the presence of either single granular paint layers or of double-layered systems consisting of a granular paint layer on top of a well-melted paint layer. The granular grisaille paint layers tend to pulverize; (2) the later period (18481878) is characterized by the presence of only well-vitrified paint layers. No sign of deterioration was found on the well-vitrified paint layers.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.241
DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(02)00282-3
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“Composition of 12-18th century window glass in Belgium : non-figurative windows in secular buildings and stained-glass windows in religious buildings”. Schalm O, Janssens K, Wouters H, Caluwé, D, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy
T2 –, 18th International Congress on X-Ray Optics and Microanalysis, September 25-30, 2005, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Frascati, Italy 62, 663 (2007). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAB.2007.03.006
Abstract: A set of ca. 500 window glass fragments originating from different historical sites in Belgium and covering the period 12(th)- 18(th) century was analyzed by rneans of electron probe microanalysis. Most samples are archaeological finds deriving from non-figurative windows in secular buildings. However. the analyzed set also contains glass sampled from still existing non-figurative windows in secular buildings and stained-glass windows in religious buildings. A sudden compositional change at the end of the 14(th) century can be noticed among the series of glass compositions that were obtained. These changes could be related to the use of different glassmaker recipes and to the introduction of new raw materials for glass making. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.241
Times cited: 50
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAB.2007.03.006
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“A flexible and accurate quantification algorithm for EPXMA based on thin-film element yields”. Schalm O, Janssens K, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 58, 669 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(02)00290-2
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.241
DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(02)00290-2
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“Interpretation and use of inter-element correlation graphs obtained by scanning X-ray fluorescence micro-beam spectrometry from individual particles: part 1: theory”. Somogyi A, Janssens K, Vincze L, Vekemans B, Rindby A, Adams F, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 55, 75 (2000). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(99)00172-X
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.241
DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(99)00172-X
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“Interpretation and use of inter-element correlation graphs obtained by scanning X-ray fluorescence micro-beam spectrometry from individual particles: part 2: application”. Somogyi A, Janssens K, Vincze L, Vekemans B, Rindby A, Adams F, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 55, 1039 (2000). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(00)00220-2
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.241
DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(00)00220-2
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“Localised and non-destructive analysis of metallic artefacts from ancient Egypt by means of a compact μ-XRF instrument”. Vittiglio G, Janssens K, Adams F, Oost A, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 54, 1697 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(99)00100-7
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.241
DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(99)00100-7
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“Monte Carlo simulation of X-ray fluorescence spectra: part 4: photon scattering at high X-ray energies”. Vincze L, Janssens K, Vekemans B, Adams F, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy , 1711 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(99)00094-4
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.241
DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(99)00094-4
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“mu-X-ray fluorescence and mu-X-ray diffraction investigations of sediment from the Ruprechtov nuclear waste disposal natural analog site”. Denecke MA, de Nolf W, Janssens K, Brendebach B, Falkenberg G, Noseck U, Rothkirch A, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 63, 484 (2008). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAB.2008.01.001
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.241
Times cited: 7
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAB.2008.01.001
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“Possibilities and limitations of synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction with double crystal and double multilayer monochromators for microscopic speciation studies”. de Nolf W, Jaroszewicz J, Terzano R, Lind OC, Salbu B, Vekemans B, Janssens K, Falkenberg G, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 64, 775 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAB.2009.06.003
Abstract: The performance of a combined microbeam X-ray fluorescence/X-ray powder diffraction (XRF/XRPD) measurement station at Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor (HASYLAB) Beamline L is discussed in comparison to that at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) ID18F/ID22. The angular resolution in the X-ray diffractograms is documented when different combinations of X-ray source, optics and X-ray diffraction detectors are employed. Typical angular resolution values in the range 0.30.5° are obtained at the bending magnet source when a pink beam form of excitation is employed. A similar setup at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility beamlines ID18F and ID22 allows to reach angular resolution values of 0.10.15°. In order to document the possibilities and limitations for speciation of metals in environmental materials by means of Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor Beamline L X-ray fluorescence/X-ray powder diffraction setup, two case studies are discussed, one involved in the identification of the crystal phases in which heavy metals such as chromium, iron, barium and lead are present in polluted soils of an industrial site (Val Basento, Italy) and another involved in the speciation of uranium in depleted uranium particles (Ceja Mountains, Kosovo). In the former case, the angular resolution is sufficient to allow identification of most crystalline phases present while in the latter case, it is necessary to dispose of an angular resolution of ca. 0.2° to distinguish between different forms of oxidized uranium.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.241
Times cited: 7
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAB.2009.06.003
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“Spatially resolved micro-X-ray fluorescence and micro-X-ray absorption fine structure study of a fractured granite bore core following a radiotracer experiment”. Denecke MA, Brendebach B, de Nolf W, Falkenberg G, Janssens K, Simon R, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 64, 791 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAB.2009.05.025
Abstract: Spatially resolved X-ray absorption and fluorescence investigation with a micrometer-scale resolution on actinide-containing samples provide information necessary for safety assessment of nuclear waste disposal. In this paper one example of such an experiment is presented. This example entails neptunium speciation in a fractured granite bore core from the Swedish Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory following a radiotracer experiment using µ-XAFS and µ-XRF. In order to probe micro-volumes below the surface in the granite samples and thereby avoid potential changes in the Np speciation during cutting of the bore core, a confocal irradiationdetection geometry is employed. µ-XAFS results for a selected granite bore core cross section with ~ 3 nmol Np/g reveal that Np, originally introduced as Np(V) in the tracer cocktail, is present in the granite in its reduced Np(IV) form. The Np(IV) is often present as particles, tens of µm in size. Elemental distribution maps show the tracer Np to be located in fissures and permeable channels not larger than 100 µm. The Np distribution appears often correlated with Zn also present in some fissures. We observe small granite fissures containing Fe (presumably Fe(II)), where we do not detect any Np. It is feasible that inflowing Np(V) has a shorter residence time in large fractures, while in the smaller fissures migration is slower, leading to longer residence times, i.e., reaction times, where it is reduced to less soluble Np(IV) and becomes thereby immobilized.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.241
Times cited: 21
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAB.2009.05.025
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“The use of synchrotron micro-XRF for characterisation of the micro-heterogeneity of low-Z reference materials”. Kempenaers L, Vincze L, Janssens K, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 55, 651 (2000). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(00)00207-X
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.241
DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(00)00207-X
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“Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy: an overview”. Verbeeck J, van Dyck D, Van Tendeloo G, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 59, 1529 (2004). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2004.03.020
Abstract: This paper aims to give an overview of the technique of energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM). It explains the basic principles of the technique and points to the relevant literature for more detailed issues. Experimental examples are given to show the power of EFTEM to study the chemical composition of nanoscale samples in materials science. Advanced EFTEM applications like imaging spectroscopy and EFTEM tomography are briefly discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
Impact Factor: 3.241
Times cited: 37
DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2004.03.020
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“Enamels in stained glass windows: preparation, chemical composition, microstructure and causes of deterioration”. Schalm O, van der Linden V, Frederickx P, Luyten S, van der Snickt G, Caen J, Schryvers D, Janssens K, Cornelis E, van Dyck D, Schreiner M, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 64, 812 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2009.06.005
Abstract: Stained glass windows incorporating dark blue and purple enamel paint layers are in some cases subject to severe degradation while others from the same period survived the ravages of time. A series of dark blue, greenblue and purple enamel glass paints from the same region (Northwestern Europe) and from the same period (16early 20th centuries) has been studied by means of a combination of microscopic X-ray fluorescence analysis, electron probe micro analysis and transmission electron microscopy with the aim of better understanding the causes of the degradation. The chemical composition of the enamels diverges from the average chemical composition of window glass. Some of the compositions appear to be unstable, for example those with a high concentration of K2O and a low content of CaO and PbO. In other cases, the deterioration of the paint layers was caused by the less than optimal vitrification of the enamel during the firing process. Recipes and chemical compositions indicate that glassmakers of the 1617th century had full control over the color of the enamel glass paints they made. They mainly used three types of coloring agents, based on Co (dark blue), Mn (purple) and Cu (light-blue or greenblue) as coloring elements. Bluepurple enamel paints were obtained by mixing two different coloring agents. The coloring agent for redpurple enamel, introduced during the 19th century, was colloidal gold embedded in grains of lead glass.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Vision lab
Impact Factor: 3.241
Times cited: 28
DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2009.06.005
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“Laser-induced excitation mechanisms and phase transitions in spectrochemical analysis &ndash, Review of the fundamentals”. Vanraes P, Bogaerts A, Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy 179, 106091 (2021). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2021.106091
Abstract: Nowadays, lasers are commonly applied in spectrochemical analysis methods, for sampling, plasma formation or a combination of both. Despite the numerous investigations that have been performed on these applications, the underlying processes are still insufficiently understood. In order to fasten progress in the field and in honor of the lifework of professor Rick Russo, we here provide a brief overview of the fundamental mechanisms in lasermatter interaction as proposed in literature, and throw the spotlight on some aspects that have not received much attention yet. For an organized discussion, we choose laser ablation, laser desorption and the associated gaseous plasma formation as the central processes in this perspective article, based on a classification of the laserbased spectrochemical analysis techniques and the corresponding laser-matter interaction regimes. First, we put the looking glass over the excitation and thermalization mechanisms in the laser-irradiated condensed phase, for which we propose the so-called multi-plasma model. This novel model can be understood as an extension of the well-known two-temperature model, featuring multiple thermodynamic dimensions, each of which corresponds to a quasi-particle type. Next, the focus is placed on the mass transfer and ionization mechanisms, after which we shortly highlight the possible role of anisotropic and magnetic effects in the laser-excited material. We hope this perspective article motivates more fundamental research on laser-matter interaction, as a continuation of the lifework of Rick Russo.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.241
DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2021.106091
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