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Author Wagner, B.; Nowak, A.; Bulska, E.; Kunicki-Goldfinger, J.; Schalm, O.; Janssens, K.; schalm
Title Complementary analysis of historical glass by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and laser ablation inductiveley coupled plasma mass spectrometry Type A1 Journal article
Year 2008 Publication Microchimica acta Abbreviated Journal
Volume 162 Issue 3-4 Pages 415-424
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000258194900014 Publication Date 2007-10-26
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor Times cited 28 Open Access
Notes (down) Approved Most recent IF: NA
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:70565 Serial 5533
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Schalm, O.; Janssens, K.; Wouters, H.; Caluwé, D.
Title Composition of 12-18th century window glass in Belgium : non-figurative windows in secular buildings and stained-glass windows in religious buildings Type A1 Journal article
Year 2007 Publication Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy T2 – 18th International Congress on X-Ray Optics and Microanalysis, September 25-30, 2005, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Frascati, Italy Abbreviated Journal Spectrochim Acta B
Volume 62 Issue 6-7 Pages 663-668
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract A set of ca. 500 window glass fragments originating from different historical sites in Belgium and covering the period 12(th)- 18(th) century was analyzed by rneans of electron probe microanalysis. Most samples are archaeological finds deriving from non-figurative windows in secular buildings. However. the analyzed set also contains glass sampled from still existing non-figurative windows in secular buildings and stained-glass windows in religious buildings. A sudden compositional change at the end of the 14(th) century can be noticed among the series of glass compositions that were obtained. These changes could be related to the use of different glassmaker recipes and to the introduction of new raw materials for glass making. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000249213700026 Publication Date 2007-03-19
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0584-8547; 0038-6987 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 3.241 Times cited 50 Open Access
Notes (down) Approved Most recent IF: 3.241; 2007 IF: 2.957
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:102662 Serial 5538
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Schalm, O.; Wouters, H.; Janssens, K.
Title Composition of 13-17th century glass from non-figurative windows in secular buildings excavated in Belgium Type P3 Proceeding
Year 2005 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords P3 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos Publication Date
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN 978-90-72290-05-2 Additional Links UA library record
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes (down) Approved Most recent IF: NA
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:135440 Serial 5539
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Janssens, K.H.; Deraedt, I.; Schalm, O.; Veeckman, J.
Title Composition of 15-17th century archaeological glass vessels excavated in Antwerp, Belgium Type A1 Journal article
Year 1998 Publication Mikrochimica acta: supplementum Abbreviated Journal
Volume 15 Issue Pages 253-267
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000075322100036 Publication Date
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0076-8642 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes (down) Approved Most recent IF: NA
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:22213 Serial 5540
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author De Vis, K.; Cagno, S.; Van Mol, W.; Schalm, O.; Janssens, K.; Caen, J.
Title The decolourization of manganese-stained glass : the conversion reaction and evaluation of its effectiveness Type P2 Proceeding
Year 2012 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 463-468
Keywords P2 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos Publication Date
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-90-72290-00-7 ISBN Additional Links UA library record
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes (down) Approved Most recent IF: NA
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:115470 Serial 5566
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author van der Linden, V.; Cosyns, P.; Schalm, O.; Cagno, S.; Nys, K.; Janssens, K.; Nowak, A.; Wagner, B.; Bulska, E.
Title Deeply coloured and black glass in the Northern provinces of the Roman Empire : differences and similarities in chemical composition before and after AD 150 Type A1 Journal article
Year 2009 Publication Archaeometry Abbreviated Journal Archaeometry
Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages 822-844
Keywords A1 Journal article; History; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract In this work we attempt to elucidate the chronological and geographical origin of deeply coloured and black glass dating between 100 bc and ad 300 on the basis of their major and trace element compositions. Samples from the western and eastern parts of the Roman Empire were analysed. Analytical data were obtained by means of a scanning electron microscope – energy-dispersive system (SEM-EDS, 63 samples analysed) and laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS, 41 samples analysed). Among the glass fragments analysed, dark brown, dark purple and dark green hues could be distinguished. Only among the dark green fragments could a clear compositional distinction be observed between fragments dated to the periods before and after ad 150. In the early samples (first century bc to first century ad), iron, responsible for the green hue, was introduced by using impure sand containing relatively high amounts of Ti. In contrast, a Ti-poor source of iron was employed, containing Sb, Co and Pb in trace quantities, in order to obtain the dark green colour in the later glass samples. The analytical results obtained by combining SEM-EDS and LA-ICP-MS are therefore consistent with a differentiation of glassmaking recipes, detectable in glass composition, occurring in the period around ad 150.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000269728600009 Publication Date 2008-11-27
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0003-813x; 1475-4754 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 1.47 Times cited 39 Open Access
Notes (down) Approved Most recent IF: 1.47; 2009 IF: 1.355
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:94510 Serial 5568
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Schalm, O.; Janssens, K.
Title A flexible and accurate quantification algorithm for EPXMA based on thin-film element yields Type A1 Journal article
Year 2003 Publication Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy Abbreviated Journal Spectrochim Acta B
Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 669-680
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000182744200010 Publication Date 2003-04-23
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0584-8547; 0038-6987 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 3.241 Times cited Open Access
Notes (down) Approved Most recent IF: 3.241; 2003 IF: 2.361
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:41205 Serial 5623
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Proost, K.; Schalm, O.; Janssens, K.; Van Dyck, D.
Title Investigation of the chemical state and 3D distribution of Mn in corroded glass fragments Type H3 Book chapter
Year 2005 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Vision lab
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos Publication Date
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes (down) Approved Most recent IF: NA
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:50851 Serial 5674
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Adams, F.; Adriaens, A.; Aerts, A.; de Raedt, I.; Janssens, K.; Schalm, O.
Title Micro and surface analysis in archaeology Type A1 Journal article
Year 1997 Publication Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry Abbreviated Journal J Anal Atom Spectrom
Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 257-265
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos A1997WN16300001 Publication Date 2002-07-26
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0267-9477 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 3.379 Times cited Open Access
Notes (down) Approved Most recent IF: 3.379; 1997 IF: 3.595
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:16274 Serial 5711
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Aibéo, C.L.; Goffin, S.; Schalm, O.; van der Snickt, G.; Laquière, N.; Eyskens, P.; Janssens, K.
Title Micro-Raman analysis for the identification of pigments from 19th and 20th century paintings Type A1 Journal article
Year 2008 Publication Journal of Raman spectroscopy Abbreviated Journal J Raman Spectrosc
Volume 39 Issue 8 Pages 1091-1098
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract In this article, results using confocal µ-Raman to analyse the cross-section of paint samples are presented. Results obtained with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with an energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and micro-X-ray fluorescence (µ-XRF) are mentioned and compared to the ones obtained with confocal (MRS). In some cases, pigment identification was possible only by combining analytical results from different techniques. The samples were drawn from five paintings belonging to the Academy of Fine Arts of Antwerp, which are part of a collection of 34 paintings made by students from the Academy between 1819 and 1920. Since, on the one hand, the painting techniques and materials, especially pigments, used in this period are still not completely known, and on the other hand, this collection constitutes a very important and reliable resource of information, these paintings were chosen for a systematic investigation. They represent the evolution of painting in Belgium over approximately a century.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000259242100020 Publication Date 2008-05-16
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0377-0486 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 2.969 Times cited 28 Open Access
Notes (down) Approved Most recent IF: 2.969; 2008 IF: 3.526
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:74467 Serial 5716
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Padilla, R.; Schalm, O.; Janssens, K.; Arrazcaeta, R.; van Espen, P.
Title Microanalytical characterization of surface decoration in Majolica pottery Type A1 Journal article
Year 2005 Publication Analytica chimica acta Abbreviated Journal Anal Chim Acta
Volume 535 Issue 1-2 Pages 201-211
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000228194200025 Publication Date 2005-01-15
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0003-2670 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 4.95 Times cited 20 Open Access
Notes (down) Approved Most recent IF: 4.95; 2005 IF: 2.760
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:52143 Serial 5722
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Caen, J.; Schalm, O.; Pires De Matos, A.; Ruivo, A.; Ferreira, M.; Janssens, K.
Title Reproduction of 16-17th centuries enamels for stained glass after orignal compositions and recipes Type P3 Proceeding
Year 2008 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords P3 Proceeding; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos Publication Date
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes (down) Approved Most recent IF: NA
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:112032 Serial 5814
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Åmit, Å.; Janssens, K.; Schalm, O.; Kos, M.
Title Spread of façon-de-Venise glassmaking through central and western Europe Type A1 Journal article
Year 2004 Publication Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research B Abbreviated Journal
Volume 213 Issue Pages 717-722
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000187020700143 Publication Date
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes (down) Approved Most recent IF: NA
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:45376 Serial 5843
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Cosyns, P.; Vanderhoeven, A.; Vynckier, G.; Janssens, K.; Schalm, O.; Vanderlinden, V.
Title Two fragments of mold-blown glass beakers with Greek inscriptions from Tongeren (Belgium) Type A1 Journal article
Year 2005 Publication Journal of glass studies Abbreviated Journal
Volume 47 Issue Pages 179-183
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos Publication Date
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0075-4250 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes (down) Approved Most recent IF: NA
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:56123 Serial 5883
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Janssens, K.; Vittiglio, G.; Deraedt, I.; Aerts, A.; Vekemans, B.; Vincze, L.; Wei, F.; de Ryck, I.; Schalm, O.; Adams, F.; Rindby, A.; Knöchel, A.; Simionovici, A.S.; Snigirev, A.
Title Use of microscopic XRF for non-destructive analysis in art an archaeometry Type A1 Journal article
Year 2000 Publication X-ray spectrometry Abbreviated Journal X-Ray Spectrom
Volume 29 Issue Pages 73-91
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000085107800010 Publication Date 2002-08-25
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0049-8246 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 1.298 Times cited Open Access
Notes (down) Approved Most recent IF: 1.298; 2000 IF: 1.478
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:27561 Serial 5897
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Kuczumow, A.; Vekemans, B.; Schalm, O.; Gysels, K.; Ro, C.-U.; Van Grieken, R.
Title Analysis of speleothems by electron and X-ray microprobes Type A1 Journal article
Year 2001 Publication Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry Abbreviated Journal
Volume 16 Issue Pages 90-95
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000166644100015 Publication Date 2002-07-26
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0267-9477 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes (down) Approved no
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:32123 Serial 7451
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Grieten, E.; Storme, P.; Caen, J.; Schalm, O.; Schryvers, D.
Title Application of atmospheric plasma-jets for the conservation of cultural heritage Type P3 Proceeding
Year 2015 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords P3 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos Publication Date
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes (down) Approved no
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:149629 Serial 7466
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Kuczumov, A.; Vekemans, B.; Schalm, O.; Vincze, L.; Dorriné, W.; Gysels, K.; Van Grieken, R.
Title Application of auxiliary signals in X-ray fluorescence and electron microprobe analysis for density evaluation Type A1 Journal article
Year 1999 Publication X-ray spectrometry Abbreviated Journal
Volume 28 Issue Pages 282-291
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000081693400014 Publication Date 2002-09-10
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0049-8246 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes (down) Approved no
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:27584 Serial 7467
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Caen, J.; Schalm, O.; Janssens, K.
Title Caractérisation historique et chimique des peintures en grisaille et du verre de vitrail dans l'oeuvre de J.-B. Capronnier (1814 – 1891) et J.-B. Bethune (1821 – 1894) Type P3 Proceeding
Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords P3 Proceeding; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos Publication Date
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes (down) Approved no
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:112007 Serial 7576
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Anaf, W.; Schalm, O.
Title Climatic quality evaluation by peak analysis and segregation of low-, mid-, and high-frequency fluctuations, applied on a historic chapel Type A1 Journal article
Year 2019 Publication Building and environment Abbreviated Journal
Volume 148 Issue Pages 286-293
Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
Abstract Heritage-related guidelines and standards recommend stable climatic conditions, since these contribute to the extension of heritage collections life. As a result, numerous museums and other heritage institutions implement (expensive) mitigation measures to achieve stable conditions. Nevertheless, temperature and relative humidity fluctuations are often still observed. This contribution demonstrates that the analysis of temperature and humidity peaks and drops helps to identify hazards which cause fluctuations in different frequency ranges. This hazard identification provides information on the type of mitigation actions that are required in the near future and in which order they need to be implemented. The approach is illustrated with a case study. A 22 month monitoring campaign was performed in a chapel in the center of Antwerp (Belgium) where the climatic conditions are controlled with a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system. Low-, mid- and high-frequency fluctuations were separated and discussed for their hazards.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000457116500024 Publication Date 2018-11-15
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0360-1323 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes (down) Approved no
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:157569 Serial 7672
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Cabal, A.; Schalm, O.; Eyskens, P.; Willems, P.; Harth, A.; van Espen, P.
Title Comparison of x-ray absorption and emission techniques for the investigation of paintings Type A1 Journal article
Year 2015 Publication X-ray spectrometry Abbreviated Journal
Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 141-148
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
Abstract Four x-ray techniques: computed radiography, emission radiography, energy-resolved radiography and imaging x-ray fluorescence were compared using four mock-up panel paintings. The paintings have different stratigraphy and pigments and are representative for different historical periods. One of the paintings has a hidden underlying painting. The type of pigments used mainly influences the information obtained by both the emission and absorption measurements; high-Z white pigment and high-Z color pigments giving the best contrast. Each of the techniques revealed interesting aspects of the paintings, but none of them could reveal the hidden painting to a satisfactory level. Due to the statistical quality of the spectral data, x-ray fluorescence gives elemental images with high contrast. The radiographic images are better to reveal the internal structure. Imaging x-ray fluorescence and energy-resolved radiography measurements can be done simultaneously, and the combination has the highest potential for the study of complex multilayer paintings. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000353644500010 Publication Date 2015-02-05
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0049-8246 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes (down) Approved no
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:126016 Serial 7698
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Vandevoorde, D.; Pamplona, M.; Schalm, O.; Vanhellemont, Y.; Cnudde, V.; Verhaeven, E.
Title Contact sponge method : performance of a promising tool for measuring the initial water absorption Type A1 Journal article
Year 2009 Publication Journal of cultural heritage Abbreviated Journal
Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 41-47
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract Porous limestone and mortar are able to absorb large quantities of water. This phenomenon will accelerate the deterioration of the material. In such cases, the material might be treated with a hydrophobic product, which creates a superficial layer that hampers the penetration of water. In order to decide if such a treatment should be applied or not, the water absorbing behaviour of the material should be measured. With the same measuring technique the efficiency of the hydrophobic barrier can be evaluated. Moreover, it allows the monitoring of such barriers as a function of time. At the same time, the water absorption of porous stone material is an indication of the degree of deterioration and its sensitivity to future deterioration. Up to now, two different measuring techniques exist, but one can only be used in laboratory and the other, which can be operated in laboratory as well as in situ, is not always reliable for in situ analyses. This article proposes an alternative method: the contact sponge method. This recently developed method was tested on non-treated porous stone materials in a laboratory environment in order to evaluate its performance in comparison with the two existing methods.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000264831900005 Publication Date 2009-03-14
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1296-2074 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes (down) Approved no
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:115023 Serial 7728
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Schalm, O.; Cabal, A.; Anaf, W.; Leyva Pernia, D.; Callier, J.; Ortega, N.
Title A decision support system for preventive conservation : from measurements towards decision making Type A1 Journal article
Year 2019 Publication The European Physical Journal Plus Abbreviated Journal
Volume 134 Issue 2 Pages 74-11
Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Antwerp Systems and software Modelling (AnSyMo); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
Abstract We present a decision-support system that guides heritage guardians in selecting mitigation actions to improve the indoor air quality and thus the preservation conditions of indoor collections in heritage buildings. This contribution shows that it is feasible to build a decision support system dedicated to preventive conservation when the following barriers are overcome: 1) simultaneous measurement of a wide range of environmental parameters in order to detect a larger number of undesired situations; 2) development of an algorithm to perform reproducible indoor air quality assessments; and 3) transformation of the air quality assessment into a graph that can be read intuitively without causing a wide variation of interpretations among stakeholders. An important aspect of the decision support system is that it reduces several sources of uncertainty that hamper reliable indoor air quality assessments. The possibilities of such a system are illustrated with a measurement campaign in a church where a heating system has been installed and used for the first time.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000459506300002 Publication Date 2019-02-20
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2190-5444 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes (down) Approved no
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:157817 Serial 7756
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author De Vis, K.; Jembrih-Simbürger, D.; Schalm, O.; Schreiner, M.; Caen, J.
Title Einfluss verschiedener Silbersalze auf die Farbintensität von Silbergelb : analytische Untersuchungen Type A2 Journal article
Year 2002 Publication Zeitschrift für Kunsttechnologie und Konservierung Abbreviated Journal
Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 147-157
Keywords A2 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos Publication Date
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0931-7198 ISBN Additional Links UA library record
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes (down) Approved no
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:107748 Serial 7855
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Schalm, O.; Cabal, A.; van Espen, P.; Laquière, N.; Storme, P.
Title Improved radiographic methods for the investigation of paintings using laboratory and synchrotron X-ray sources Type A1 Journal article
Year 2011 Publication Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry Abbreviated Journal
Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 1068-1077
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract It is generally known that radiographic inspection of 1517th century paintings can easily be done with a polychromatic X-ray source using a voltage between 20 kV and 40 kV in combination with classic X-ray films. Unfortunately, the spatial structure of numerous 19th and early 20th century paintings cannot be visualized with conventional radiography due to several reasons such as the use of lead white grounds or low absorbing pigments. Radiographic images are blurred or worse, they do not contain the picture of the painting. During the last decades, many technological innovations have been introduced in the field of radiography but their possibilities in cultural heritage have not been explored in full detail. In our investigation we used phosphor imaging plates, energy dispersive detectors and CCD-cameras in combination with synchrotron radiation and conventional X-ray tubes in order to improve the quality of radiographic images. Several promising techniques that could improve the quality of radiographs of paintings were identified.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000289731900023 Publication Date 2011-04-11
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0267-9477 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes (down) Approved no
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:89928 Serial 8070
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Schalm, O.; Anaf, W.
Title Laminated altered layers in historical glass : density variations of silica nanoparticle random packings as explanation for the observed lamellae Type A1 Journal article
Year 2016 Publication Journal of non-crystalline solids Abbreviated Journal
Volume 442 Issue Pages 1-16
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
Abstract One of the most striking but unexplained phenomena in the natural degradation of glass is the transformation of an almost colorless, transparent and homogeneous glass into a colored, opaque and heterogeneous degradation layer. In many cases, the degradation layer consists of numerous lamellae with a thickness between 0.1 and 10 pm. However, both internal structure and formation proess of laminated degradation layers remain unclear. In this paper, a model is proposed where we assume that transformed (degraded) glass consists of a random packing of nano-sized silica particles while the lamellae are the result of different packing densities. The model is able to connect the texture of numerous lamellae observed by several types of microscopic techniques with the structure at molecular level determined by means of chemical analysis. In addition, the model is able to explain numerous properties such as the parameters responsible for the contrast between lamellae. This contrast can be caused by differences in color, density, elemental composition, or surface roughness. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000375809800001 Publication Date 2016-04-05
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0022-3093 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes (down) Approved no
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:133634 Serial 8146
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Author Vandevijvere, M.; Van de Voorde, L.; Caen, J.; van Espen, P.; Vekemans, B.; Vincze, L.; Schalm, O.
Title Manufacturing techniques and production defects of 16th-17th century majolica tiles from Antwerp (Belgium) Type H2 Book chapter
Year 2013 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 169-176 T2 - Recent advances in glass, stained-gla
Keywords H2 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
Abstract
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos Publication Date
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN 978-90-8932-113-8 Additional Links UA library record
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes (down) Approved no
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:115032 Serial 8199
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Author Schalm, O.; Anaf, W.; Callier, J.; Leyva Pernia, D.
Title New generation monitoring devices for heritage guardians to detect multiple events and hazards Type P1 Proceeding
Year 2018 Publication IOP conference series : materials science and engineering Abbreviated Journal
Volume 364 Issue Pages Unsp 012056-9
Keywords P1 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Art; History; Antwerp Systems and software Modelling (AnSyMo); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
Abstract Environmental parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, visible light, UV radiation and pollution influence the deterioration rate of heritage items. To judge on the environmental appropriateness for heritage conservation, it is therefore important to monitor the environment. Often, an incomplete set of environmental parameters is measured, or sporadic or time-averaged measurements are performed. As a result, a wide range of undesirable situations and hazards remain unnoticed. This might lead to an underestimation of environmental dangers (i.e., inaccurate judgement) or to inappropriate mitigation measures (i.e., inaccurate decision making). We present an innovative and user-friendly monitoring device that simultaneously and continuously measures (1) environmental parameters and (2) material behavior. An extended combination of off-the-shelf sensors for temperature, relative humidity, air speed, CO2, NO2, O-3 and particulate matter are connected to a multipurpose datalogger. In-house developed sensors for the shrinkage and expansion behavior of wood, as well as sensors for metal corrosion rates are connected to the same datalogger. Such extended monitoring shows the identification of a wider range of undesirable situations, and it facilitates the search for correlations between such situations and the sources that cause them, i.e., the hazards.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000452025100056 Publication Date 2018-06-18
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1757-8981; 1757-899x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes (down) Approved no
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:151825 Serial 8298
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Author Cabal Rodríguez, A.E.; Leyva Pernia, D.; Schalm, O.; van Espen, P.J.M.
Title Possibilities of energy-resolved X-ray radiography for the investigation of paintings Type A1 Journal article
Year 2012 Publication Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal
Volume 402 Issue 4 Pages 1471-1480
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract X-ray radiographic images of paintings often show little or no contrast. In order to increase the contrast in radiographic images we measured the X-ray spectrum of a low power X-ray tube, after passing through the painting, with a high energy-resolution SDD detector. To obtain images, the detector is collimated with a 400 mu m diameter pinhole and the painting was moved through the beam in the x and y-direction using a dwell time of a few seconds per pixel. The data obtained consists of a data cube of, typically, 200 x 200 pixels and a 512-channel X-ray spectrum for each pixel, spanning the energy range from 0 to 40 keV. Having the absorbance spectrum available for each pixel, we are able, a posteriori, to produce images by edge subtraction for any given element. In this way high contrast, element-specific, images can be obtained. Because of the high energy-resolution a much simpler edge subtraction algorithm can be applied. We also used principal-component imaging to obtain, in a more automated way, images with high contrast. Some of these images can easily be attributed to specific elements. It turns out that preprocessing of the spectral data is crucial for the success of the multivariate image processing.
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Language Wos 000299842000008 Publication Date 2011-07-14
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1618-2642; 1618-2650 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes (down) Approved no
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:96200 Serial 8394
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Author Schalm, O.; Nuyts, G.; Janssens, K.
Title Some critical observations about the degradation of glass : the formation of lamellae explained Type A1 Journal article
Year 2021 Publication Journal Of Non-Crystalline Solids Abbreviated Journal J Non-Cryst Solids
Volume 569 Issue Pages 120984
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract This study demonstrates that the mechanism responsible for the transformation of glass into a degradation layer is pH-dependent. In acid conditions, the transformed glass is homogeneous and brittle. In mild alkaline conditions, transformed glass is heterogeneous due to the presence of lamellae composed of silica nanoparticles and the occurrence of Ca-rich inclusions. The fundamental difference between acid and alkaline conditions cannot be explained by the currently accepted degradation mechanism based on ion exchange. To explain this critical observation, we propose a refined degradation mechanism based on existing knowledge that involves several inwardly moving reaction fronts. The fronts responsible for the transformation of the silicate network into amorphous silica are also responsible for the morphology of the transformed glass. We have identified the feedback mechanism that explains the formation of lamellae in alkaline conditions.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000674487200009 Publication Date 2021-06-20
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0022-3093 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 2.124 Times cited Open Access OpenAccess
Notes (down) Approved Most recent IF: 2.124
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:179835 Serial 8551
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