“Seasonal trends of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide over North Santa Clara, Cuba”. Alejo D, Morales MC, de la Torre JB, Grau R, Bencs L, Van Grieken R, van Espen P, Sosa D, Nuñez V, Environmental monitoring and assessment 185, 6023 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1007/S10661-012-3003-4
Abstract: Atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) levels were monitored simultaneously by means of Radiello passive samplers at six sites of Santa Clara city, Cuba, in the cold and the warm seasons in 2010. The dissolved ionic forms of NO2 and SO2 as nitrate and sulfite plus sulfate, respectively, were determined by means of ion chromatography. Analysis of NO2 as nitrite was also performed by UVVis spectrophotometry. For NO2, significant t tests show good agreement between the results of IC and UVVis methods. The NO2 and SO2 concentrations peaked in the cold season, while their minimum levels were experienced in the warm season. The pollutant levels do not exceed the maximum allowable limit of the Cuban Standard 39:1999, i.e., 40 μg/m3 and 50 μg/m3 for NO2 and SO2, respectively. The lowest pollutant concentrations obtained in the warm season can be attributed to an increase in their removal via precipitation (scavenging) while to the decreased traffic density and industrial emission during the summer holidays (e.g., July and August).
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/S10661-012-3003-4
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“Sedimentation rate of the floodplain sediments of the Yamuna river basin (tributary of the river Ganges, India) by using <tex>210Pb</tex>, and <tex>137Cs</tex>, techniques”. Saxena DP, Joos P, Van Grieken R, Subramanian V, Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 251, 399 (2002). http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014821906600
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1023/A:1014821906600
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“Selenium in environmental waters : determination, speciation and concentration levels”. Robberecht H, Van Grieken R, Talanta : the international journal of pure and applied analytical chemistry 29, 823 (1982). http://doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(82)80252-X
Abstract: This article reviews the different methods used for the determination of selenium species in all types of environmental waters. Basic difficulties are discussed and the efficiency of the methods is explained in view of the sub-μg/1. concentration levels. Special attention is paid to preconcentration steps. Published data on speciation and concentration levels in various water samples are critically reviewed.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0039-9140(82)80252-X
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“The shielding effect of the protective glazing of historical stained glass windows from an atmospheric chemistry perspective: case study Sainte Chapelle, Paris”. Godoi RHM, Kontozova V, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 40, 1255 (2006). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2005.10.033
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2005.10.033
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“A simple absorption correction for electron probe X-ray microanalysis of bulk samples”. Markowicz A, Storms H, Van Grieken R, X-ray spectrometry 15, 115 (1986). http://doi.org/10.1002/XRS.1300150209
Abstract: A simple procedure is proposed for the calculation of the absorption correction factor in electron-probe x-ray microanalysis. It is based on the concept of an effective depth of x-ray production, assuming a rectangular depth distribution function for x-ray generation. This effective x-ray production depth is expressed as a fraction of the x-ray excitation depth given by Whelan's expression. Adequate values for this fraction are presented. Two versions are considered. In the first the effective x-ray production is a function of both the characteristic x-ray energy and the atomic numbers of the matrix elements, whereas in the second one, which is indicated for routine use, the energy dependence is neglected. Calculations pointed to satisfactory results, even for low x-ray energies and high overvoltages.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/XRS.1300150209
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“Simultaneous determination of chromium and silicon in steel by 14-mev neutron activation analysis”. Vandecasteele C, Van Grieken R, Hoste J, Analytica chimica acta 72, 31 (1974). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)82945-7
Abstract: Chromium and silicon are determined simultaneously in steel by 14-MeV neutron activation analysis. The activities of 52V(Eγ=1.43 MeV,TView the MathML source=3.76 min) from 52Cr(n,p)52V and 28Al (Eγ=1.78 MeV; TView the MathML source=2.24 min) from 28Si(n,p)28Al are evaluated by mixed γ-ray spectrometry. The influence of manganese and phosphorus, the main interfering elements, is negligible for most stainless steels. The count rate should be limited, to avoid 52V pulse pile-up effects interfering in the 28Al energy region. Precisions in the 2-10% range are reached, depending on the concentrations, for a 10-min analysis time. Results for a series of steel samples are compared with industrial analyses.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)82945-7
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“Single particle analysis of aerosols, observed in the marine boundary layer during the Monterey Area Ship Tracks Experiment (MAST), with respect to cloud droplet formation”. de Bock LA, Joos PE, Noone KJ, Pockalny RA, Van Grieken RE, Journal of atmospheric chemistry 37, 299 (2000). http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006416600722
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1023/A:1006416600722
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“Single particle analysis of suspended matter in the Makasar Strait and Flores Sea with particular reference to tin-bearing particles”. Dekov VM, van Put A, Eisma D, Van Grieken R, Journal of sea research 41, 35 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1016/S1385-1101(98)00035-5
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S1385-1101(98)00035-5
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“Single particle and inorganic characterization of rainwater collected above the North Sea”. Jambers W, Dekov V, Van Grieken R, The science of the total environment 256, 133 (2000). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00477-0
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00477-0
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“Single particle characterisation of inorganic and organic North Sea suspension”. Jambers W, Dekov V, Van Grieken R, Marine chemistry 67, 17 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(99)00046-8
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0304-4203(99)00046-8
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“Single particle characterisation of inorganic suspension in Lake Baikal”. Jambers W, Van Grieken R, Environmental science and technology 31, 1525 (1997)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Single particle characterisation of the aerosol in the marine boundary layer and free troposphere over Tenerife, NE Atlantic, during ACE-2”. Hoornaert S, Godoi RHM, Van Grieken R, Journal of atmospheric chemistry 46, 271 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026383403878
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1023/A:1026383403878
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“Single-particle characterization of four “Asian Dust&rdquo, samples collected in Korea, using low-Z particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis”. Ro C-U, Hwang H, Kim HK, Chun Y, Van Grieken R, Environmental science and technology 39, 1409 (2005). http://doi.org/10.1021/ES049772B
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/ES049772B
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“Single-particle characterization of urban aerosol particles collected in three Korean cities using low-Z electron probe x-ray microanalysis”. Ro C-U, Kim H, Oh K-Y, Yea SK, Lee CB, Jang M, Van Grieken R, Environmental science and technology 36, 4770 (2002). http://doi.org/10.1021/ES025697Y
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/ES025697Y
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“Single-run ion chromatographic separation of inorganic and low-molecular-mass organic anions under isocratic elution: application to environmental samples”. Krata A, Kontozova-Deutsch V, Bencs L, Deutsch F, Van Grieken R, Talanta : the international journal of pure and applied analytical chemistry 79, 16 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.TALANTA.2009.02.044
Abstract: For the isocratic ion chromatography (IC) separation of low-molecular-mass organic acids and inorganic anions three different anion-exchange columns were studied: IonPac AS14 (9 ìm particle size), Allsep A-2 (7 ìm particle size), and IC SI-50 4E (5 ìm particle size). A complete baseline separation for all analyzed anions (i.e., F−, acetate, formate, Cl−, NO2−, Br−, NO3−, HPO42− and SO42−) in one analytical cycle of shorter than 17 min was achieved on the IC SI-50 4E column, using an eluent mixture of 3.2 mM Na2CO3 and 1.0 mM NaHCO3 with a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1. On the IonPac AS14 column, it was possible to separate acetate from inorganic anions in one run (i.e., less than 9 min), but not formate, under the following conditions: 3.5 mM Na2CO3 plus 1.0 mM NaHCO3 with a flow rate of 1.2 mL min−1. Therefore, it was necessary to adapt a second run with a 2.0 mM Na2B4O7 solution as an eluent under a flow rate of 0.8 mL min−1 for the separation of organic ions, which considerably enlarged the analysis time. For the Allsep A-2 column, using an eluent mixture of 1.2 mM Na2CO3 plus 1.5 mM NaHCO3 with a flow rate of 1.6 mL min−1, it was possible to separate almost all anions in one run within 25 min, except the fluoride-acetate critical pair. A Certified Multianion Standard Solution PRIMUS for IC was used for the validation of the analytical methods. The lowest RSDs (less than 1%) and the best LODs (0.02, 0.2, 0.16, 0.11, 0.06, 0.05, 0.04, 0.14 and 0.09 mg L−1 for F−, Ac−, For−, Cl−, NO2−, Br−, NO3−, HPO42− and SO42−, respectively) were achieved using the IC SI-50 4E column. This column was applied for the separation of concerned ions in environmental precipitation samples such as snow, hail and rainwater.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.TALANTA.2009.02.044
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“The size distribution and surface area of soot emitted by different sources”. Smekens A, Berghmans P, Van Grieken R, Journal of aerosol science 31, 706 (2000)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Soil analysis by thin-film energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence”. Van Grieken R, Van 't dack L, Costa Dantas C, Da Silveira Dantas H, Analytica chimica acta 108, 93 (1979). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)93044-2
Abstract: Energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence is advantageous for trace analysis of soils present as thin films. A target thickness of about 2 mg cm-2 provides a compromise between optimal sensitivity and minimal absorption effect or optimal accuracy. Sample preparation involves only suspending the finely ground soil in water and drying this suspension on a thin mylar foil glued on a ring that fits into the x.r.f. spectrometer. The effective sample weight present in the exciting beam area is computed from the scatter peaks, a method that cancels out target heterogeneity problems. High accuracy is demonstrated for many elements in reference soil and rock materials; a precision around 5% and a detection limit around 10 ppm can be achieved. As an illustration, results for 16 trace elements and preliminary interpretation are given for a series of pedologically important soil samples from Brasil.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)93044-2
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“Sources and elemental composition of ambient PM2.5 in three European cities”. Vallius M, Janssen NAH, Heinrich J, Hoek G, Ruuskanen J, Cyrys J, Van Grieken R, de Hartog JJ, Kreyling WG, Pekkanen J, The science of the total environment 337, 147 (2005). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2004.06.018
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2004.06.018
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“Sources and transport of urban and biomass burning aerosol black carbon at the South-West Atlantic coast”. Evangelista H, Maldonado J, Godoi RHM, Pereira EB, Koch D, Tanizaki-Fonseca K, Van Grieken R, Sampaio M, Setzer A, Alencar A, Gonçalves SC, Journal of atmospheric chemistry 56, 225 (2007). http://doi.org/10.1007/S10874-006-9052-8
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/S10874-006-9052-8
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“Spark-source mass-spectrometric sensitivity factors for elements in a graphite matrix”. Vanderborght B, Van Grieken R, Talanta : the international journal of pure and applied analytical chemistry 26, 461 (1979). http://doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(79)80111-3
Abstract: Relative sensitivity factors for determination of 41 elements by spark-source mass-spectrometry have been measured. The samples were pressed into graphite electrodes and ionized with a radiofrequency spark. The mass spectra were recorded on a photoplate and the resulting data processed by a computer. Indium was used as standard and the relative sensitivity factors for both singly- and doubly-charged ions were determined with reference to the singly-charged indium ion, with an overall error of 30%. The mean analysis precision was 16%.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0039-9140(79)80111-3
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“Speciation and diurnal variation of thoracic, fine thoracic and sub-micrometer airborne particulate matter at naturally ventilated office environments”. Horemans B, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 44, 1497 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2010.01.010
Abstract: Thoracic (PM10), fine thoracic (PM2.5) and sub-micrometer (PM1) airborne particulate matter was sampled during day and night. In total, about 100 indoor and outdoor samples were collected for each fraction at ten different office environments. Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and ion chromatography were applied for the quantification of some major and minor elements and ions in the collected aerosols. During daytime, mass concentrations were in the ranges: 1129, 8.124, and 6.618 μg m−3, with averages of 20 ± 1, 15.0 ± 0.9, and 11.0 ± 0.8 μg m−3, respectively. At night, mass concentrations were found to be significantly lower for all fractions. Indoor PM1 concentrations exceeded the corresponding outdoor levels during office hours and were thought to be elevated by office printers. Particles with diameters between 1 and 2.5 μm and 2.5 and 10 μm were mainly associated with soil dust elements and were clearly subjected to distinct periods of settling/resuspension. Indoor NO3 − levels were found to follow specific microclimatic conditions at the office environments, while daytime levels of sub-micrometer Cl− were possibly elevated by the use of Cl-containing cleaning products. Indoor carbon black concentrations were sometimes as high as 22 μg m−3 and were strongly correlated with outdoor traffic conditions.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2010.01.010
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“Speciation of aerosols by combining bulk ion chromatography and thin-window electron probe micro analysis”. Eyckmans K, de Hoog J, van der Auwera L, Van Grieken R, International journal of environmental analytical chemistry 83, 777 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1080/0306731031000118934
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1080/0306731031000118934
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“Spectroscopy and ion chromatography to study the effects of air pollution on historical buildings”. Van Grieken R, Roekens E, Sweevers H, Vleugels G, Spectroscopy 10, 70 (1989)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Study of aluminium-exposed fish by scanning proton microprobe analysis”. Eeckhaoudt S, Van Grieken RE, Cholewa M, Legge GJF, Microchimica acta 122, 17 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1007/BF01252401
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/BF01252401
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“Study of inorganic ammonium compounds in individual marine aerosol particles by laser microprobe mass spectrometry”. Otten P, Bruynseels F, Van Grieken R, Analytica chimica acta 195, 117 (1987). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)85654-8
Abstract: Ammonia is important in the atmosphere because it neutralizes acidic species. The relative importance of different inorganic ammonium compounds (chloride, nitrate and sulfate) in marine air chemistry was studied by single-particle characterization with the laser microprobe mass analyser. Standard aerosols were generated as a reference for compound identification, based on the fingerprint spectra obtained, and calculation of the relative sensitivity achieved for different ions in a marine aerosol matrix. The relative sensitivity for ammonium was low. Aerosol samples were collected in the Southern Bight of the North Sea under different meteorological conditions and examined for their ammonium compounds. Samples collected during an inversion period with continental influences showed a much higher content in all particles than samples collected under different meteorological conditions, where ammonium was mostly detected in the submicrometer particle-size range.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0003-2670(00)85654-8
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“A study of the weathering of an historic building”. Leysen L, Roekens E, Komy Z, Van Grieken R, Analytica chimica acta 195, 247 (1987). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)85666-4
Abstract: Various bulk and surface analytical techniques were used to study the chemical deterioration of the 13th-to-15th century limestone cathedral in Mechelen, Belgium. The weathering crust on the walls was found to be rich in sulfate, regardless of the geographic orientation. Nitrate and chloride were only detected in minor amounts in the crust and run-off samples. Attack by gaseous sulfur compounds seems to play a dominant role in the stone deterioration mechanism. Electron microprobe analysis showed predominantly bar-shaped gypsum crystals in the crust, and laser microprobe mass spectrometry showed that carbon seems to be responsible for the blackness of most crust samples. Automated electron microprobe analysis also indicated significant differences in the analytical composition of suspensions in run-off water and in rain-water.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0003-2670(00)85666-4
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“Sub-part-per-billion determination of total dissolved selenium and selenite in environmental waters by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry”. Robberecht HJ, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry 52, 449 (1980). http://doi.org/10.1021/AC50053A017
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/AC50053A017
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“Substrate selection for optimum qualitative and quantitative single atmospheric particles analysis using nano-manipulation, sequential thin-window electron probe X-ray microanalysis and micro-Raman spectrometry”. Godoi RHM, Potgieter-Vermaak S, de Hoog J, Kaegi R, Van Grieken R, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 61, 375 (2006). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAB.2006.02.004
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAB.2006.02.004
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“Substrates with a periodic surface structure in grazing-exit X-ray microanalysis”. Bekshaev A, Van Grieken R, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 57, 865 (2002). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(02)00019-8
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(02)00019-8
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“Sulphite and sulphate concentrations in weathering products of sandy limestone and in deposition samples”. Roekens E, Bleyen C, Van Grieken R, Environmental pollution 57, 289 (1989). http://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(89)90084-5
Abstract: The sulphite and sulphate concentrations in weathering products of limestone and in wet and total deposition samples were measured by the modified West-Gaeke method and by ion chromatography. The sulphite content in the weathering crust and in the runoff rainwater of two historical buildings in Belgium, was always much lower than the sulphate content. The maximum sulphite to sulphate ratio was 2·5%. The sulphite concentration in wet and total deposition samples was in the low or sub ppm range except during two misty periods when the sulphite concentration was 6·8 and 21 mg litre−1. In those samples a high sulphate concentration was also found (nl. 57 and 137 mg litre−1, respectively).
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0269-7491(89)90084-5
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