“Micro-analysis of individual environmental particles”. Van Grieken R, Artaxo P, Bernard P, Leysen L, Otten P, Storms H, Van Put A, Wouters L, Xhoffer C, Chemia analityczna 35, 75 (1990)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Micro-analysis of museum aerosols to elucidate the soiling of paintings: case of the Correr Museum, Venice, Italy”. de Bock LA, Van Grieken RE, Camuffo D, Grime GW, Environmental science and technology 30, 3341 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1021/ES9602004
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/ES9602004
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“Micro-analytical characterization of thorium-rich aggregates from Norwegian NORM sites (Fen Complex, Telemark)”. Cagno S, Lind OC, Popic JM, Skipperud L, De Nolf W, Nuyts G, Vanmeert F, Jaroszewicz J, Janssens K, Salbu B, Journal Of Environmental Radioactivity 219, 106273 (2020). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVRAD.2020.106273
Abstract: In this study we performed microscopic characterization of mineral particles that were collected in the thorium-rich Fen Complex in Norway and identified and isolated based on autoradiography in function of their radioactivity. For this we combined information obtained with X-ray absorption mu-CT, mu-XRF and mu-XRD, both in bi- and in three-dimensional (tomographic) mode. We demonstrate that radionuclides and metals are heterogeneously distributed both within soil samples and within individual Th-enriched aggregates, which are characterised as low-density mineral bulk particles with high density material inclusions, where Th as well as several metals are highly concentrated. For these sites, it is important to take into account how these inhomogeneous distributions could affect the overall environmental behaviour of Th and progeny upon weathering due to human or environmental factors. Moreover, the estimated size of the Th-containing inclusions as determined in this work represents information of importance for the characterization of radionuclides and toxic metals exposure, as well as for assessing the viability of mining for Th and rare-earth metals in the Fen Complex and the associated environmental impact.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 2.3
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVRAD.2020.106273
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“Micro- and trace analysis of ambient particles, runoff water and crusts to evaluate environmental effects on monument”. Van Grieken R, Torfs K, Proceedings of the EC Workshop on Non-Destructive Testing to Evaluate Damage due to Environmental Effects on Historic Monuments (1996)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Micro-Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of environmental particles”. Potgieter-Vermaak S, Worobiec A, Darchuk L, Van Grieken R page 193 (2011).
Keywords: H1 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
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“The microanalysis of individual atmospheric aerosol particles by electron, proton and laser microprobe”. Artaxo P, Van Grieken R, Watt F, Jaksic M, (1990)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Microanalysis of museum aerosols related to the conservation of works of art”. Gysels K, Van Grieken R, (1999)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“A microanalytical study of green and necrotic needle tissue”. Goossenaerts CH, Verbueken AH, Jacob WA, Van Praag HJ, Van Grieken RE page 224 (1987).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Microanalytical study of the aluminum distribution in bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus gills”. Eeckhaoudt S, Jacob W, Van Grieken R, Landsberg J, Watt F, Witters H, Microbeam analysis 4, 103 (1995)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“A microanalytical study of the gills of aluminium-exposed catfish”. Eeckhaoudt S, Landsberg J, Van Grieken R, Jacob W, Watt F, Witters H, Institute of physics conference series
T2 –, Proceedings of the 13th International Congress on X-Ray Optics and Microanalysis / Kenway, P.B. [edit.] , 251 (1993)
Abstract: Through a combined use of light- and electron microscopy with microanalytical techniques, the aluminium distribution in gills of aluminium-exposed catfish was investigated. This study demonstrates that also with the ''acid-resistant'' catfish, exposed during seven days to acidified water (pH=4.3) with an elevated aluminium concentration (1 mg Al/l), aluminium can be found at, and even in, the gills.
Keywords: P1 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Microbial ecology of high-rate versus conventional activated sludge : environmental and operational parameters shape microbial structure, co-occurrence and functionality”. Seuntjens D, Meerburg FA, Vlaeminck SE, Roume H, Pieper DH, Jauregui R, Vilchez-Vargas R, Boon N, , 4 p.
T2 (2016)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
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“Microbial food from light, carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas : kinetic, stoichiometric and nutritional potential of three purple bacteria”. Spanoghe J, Vermeir P, Vlaeminck SE, Bioresource Technology 337, 125364 (2021). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2021.125364
Abstract: The urgency for a protein transition towards more sustainable solutions is one of the major societal challenges. Microbial protein is one of the alternative routes, in which land- and fossil-free production should be targeted. The photohydrogenotrophic growth of purple bacteria, which builds on the H2– and CO2-economy, is unexplored for its microbial protein potential. The three tested species (Rhodobacter capsulatus, Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rhodopseudomonas palustris) obtained promising growth rates (2.3–2.7 d−1 at 28°C) and protein productivities (0.09–0.12 g protein L−1 d−1), rendering them likely faster and more productive than microalgae. The achieved protein yields (2.6–2.9 g protein g−1 H2) transcended the ones of aerobic hydrogen oxidizing bacteria. Furthermore, all species provided full dietary protein matches for humans and their fatty acid content was dominated by vaccenic acid (82–86%). Given its kinetic and nutritional performance we recommend to consider Rhodobacter capsulatus as a high-potential sustainable source of microbial food.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Impact Factor: 5.651
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2021.125364
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Muys M (2019) Microbial protein as sustainable feed and food ingredient : production and nutritional quality of phototrophs and aerobic heterotrophs. 262 p
Abstract: In iets meer dan 30 jaar moeten we tot 50% meer eiwit produceren, terwijl onze conventionele lineaire voedselproductieketen reeds de grenzen van duurzaamheid overschrijdt. Microbieel eiwit (MP), de eiwitrijke biomassa van micro-organismen, werd onderzocht als nieuw voeder en voedselingrediënt in een circulaire eiwitproductieketen. MP-productie kan gebaseerd zijn op primaire grondstoffen om zo de inefficiënte stappen in de huidige eiwitproductie over te slaan, of de productie kan gebaseerd zijn op secundaire grondstoffen afkomstig van de verliezen in de conventionele productieketen (bijvoorbeeld afvalwater). Zowel indirecte als directe strategiën voor nutriëntenherwinning kunnen geïdentificeerd worden. Indirecte nutriëntenherwinning werd onderzocht door struviet toe te passen als fosfor- en stikstofbron voor MP-productie. Struviet, een herwinningsproduct in de afvalwaterzuivering, bleek een hoge zuiverheidsgraad te hebben waardoor het een uitstekende selectieve barrière vormt tussen afvalstroom en MP productie. Oplossingssnelheden en MP groei-experimenten toonden aan dat struviet gemakkelijk gedoseerd kan worden in functie van de microbiële nutriëntenbehoeftes, waarnaast problemen vermeden worden gerelateerd aan de turbiditeit van nevenstromen, wat de productie van fototrofe MP mogelijk maakt. Daarnaast werd ook directe nutriëntenherwinning onderzocht. Hierbij werden de voedingswaarde en veiligheid geanalyseerd van biomassa bestaande uit aerobe heterotrofe bacteriën (AHB) afkomstig van effluentzuivering van 25 bedrijven in de voedings- en drankensector. Verder werd ook de temporele variabiliteit in kaart gebracht. Er werd een veelbelovend eiwitgehalte geobserveerd waarvan de variabiliteit aanzienlijke was. Verder werd aangetoond dat het eiwitgehalte positief gecorreleerd was met stikstofbelasting en negatief met slibverblijftijd, wat een indicatie is dat de implementatie van een geoptimaliseerd productieproces, de biomassakwaliteit gevoelig kan verhogen. Bovendien was de veiligheid als veevoeder gegarandeerd op vlak van de meeste contaminanten. In het daarop volgende hoofdstuk werd de variabiliteit in voedingswaarde en veiligheid bestudeerd van commerciële fototrofe MP (de microalgen Chlorella en Spirulina), gekweekt op primaire grondstoffen. De waargenomen variabiliteit in voedingswaarde vereist verdere optimalisatie van het productieproces. Er werd ook waargenomen dat een hoog eiwitgehalte geen hoge totale voedingswaarde impliceert, omdat de verteerbaarheid en de eiwitkwaliteit nog steeds ongunstig kunnen zijn. Op basis van gemeten contaminanten geeft een veilige consumptiedosis aan dat microalgen perfect kunnen worden geconsumeerd als volwaardige eiwitbron in plaats van als supplement, hun huidige hoofdtoepassing. In een laatste experimenteel hoofdstuk werd onderzocht hoe de variabiliteit in biomassakwaliteit van microalgen kan worden gereduceerd en hoe een stabiele, hoogwaardige biomassaproductie kan worden bekomen. De invloed van oogsttijd, operationele modus en fotoperiode werd bepaald op de productiviteit van biomassa, eiwit en essentiële aminozuren en er werden optimale productieparameters geïdentificeerd. Samengevat is MP-productie op basis van indirecte en directe nutriëntenherwinning veelbelovend. Verdere technologische ontwikkelingen en het verhogen van bewustwording en sociale acceptatie, moeten een verdere introductie van MP in de voeder- en voedingsmarkt faciliteren. Hier kan MP een belangrijke oplossing vertegenwoordigen om de exponentieel groeiende wereldbevolking op een duurzame manier te voeden.
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
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Zhu W (2021) Microbial resource management for mainstream partial nitritation/anammox : strategies to enhance the nitrogen conversion efficiency. 207 p
Abstract: This thesis provides three potential ways to enhance the nitrogen removal efficiency of mainstream partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A), a key technology to enable energy-positive sewage treatment. In Chapter 1, the typical technologies to promote nitrogen removal efficiency are summarized. In Chapters 2 and 3, the concept ‘winter bioaugmentation with stored summer surplus sludge’ is proposed. Applying that, a cost-effective sludge preservation strategy is required. Preserving PN/A biomass without cooling and redox adjustment proved to be the cost-effective strategy. The reactivation of these stored sludges was also tested in low-temperature systems (15 and 10℃). Respectively 56% and 41% of granules activity compared to pre-storage activity (after Arrhenius-based temperature correction) could be recovered within a month (41% and 32% for flocs activity). In the end, the stored AnAOB bioaugmentation was successfully validated in the lab (20℃). In Chapter 4, a return-sludge nursery concept, applying the sidestream nitritation and blending the resulting effluent with mainstream effluent to achieve an intermediate temperature and nitrogen concentrations, is proposed. That led to a 33 – 36% increase in nitrogen removal efficiency. Arrhenius’ expectations (10 ℃ higher temperature, θ = 1.09) could only explain 49-51% of the activity increase in the nursery reactor, pointing to the role of other factors, e.g., the ~400% elevated electrical conductivity (15-16%), the 56-335% higher effluent nitrogen concentrations (12-14%), and the synergy and unknown factors (20-23%). Thus, the return-sludge biostimulation approach could also enhance nitrogen efficiency in the mainstream. In Chapter 5, the N2O emissions, linked to three typical nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) suppression strategies (low dissolved oxygen (DO) level, free ammonia (FA), and free nitrous acids (FNA) treatments) were tested in a biofilm system. A low emerged DO level (~0.60 mg O2 L-1) was effective to suppress NOB activity and decrease N2O emissions, but NOB adaptation gradually appeared after 200 days. Further NOB inhibition was successfully achieved by periodical (3 hours per week) FA (~30 mg NH3-N L-1) or FNA (~3 mg HNO2-N L-1) treatments. The FA treatment promoted N2O production, while the FNA treatment had no effect. Thus, PN/A systems should be operated at relatively low DO levels with periodical FNA treatment. In Chapter 6, the major findings proposed and the main conclusions drawn in this thesis are outlined. Beyond that, the possible design of a mainstream PN/A configuration that combined all described three technologies is demonstrated. Overall, the novel insights from this thesis potential to improve nitrogen removal efficiency in the mainstream.
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
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“Microchemical investigation of bone derived from mice treated with strontium in different chemical forms using scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy”. Jabłoński MB, Stefaniak EA, Darchuk L, Turzańska K, Gorzelak M, Kuduk R, Dorriné, W, Van Grieken R, Microchemical journal 108, 168 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.MICROC.2012.10.015
Abstract: We used SEM/EDX and micro-Raman spectroscopy to investigate the chemical changes (both on the level of elementary and molecular composition) of mice bones when strontium is incorporated in their microstructure after being administered in the form of two salts: chloride and ranelate. Strontium accumulated mainly in vicinity of bone edges, both cortical and close to bone marrow. The distribution of other elements comprising bone samples (Ca, P, Mg, K etc.) was also determined by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The area adjacent to a cortical bone edge with accumulated strontium has presented modified Raman spectral profiles. Besides most of the Raman bands typical for both mineral (hydroxyapatite with carbonate substitution type B) and organic phases of a bone, we observed a Raman band at 811 cm− 1. It was detected regularly in the sample with high strontium concentration.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.MICROC.2012.10.015
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“Microstructural criteria for the evaluation of stone susceptibility to sea-salt decay”. Moropoulou A, Koui M, Theoulakis P, Bakolas A, Roumpopoulos K, Michailidis P, Van Grieken R, Cardell-Fernandez C, (2002)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Minimizing recalcitrant organics and maximizing nitrogen removal linked to advanced biosolids processing at Blue Plains WWTP”. Zhang Q, Higgins MJ, Vlaeminck SE, DeBarbadillo C, Suzuki R, Kharkar SM, Al-Omari A, Wett B, Chandran K, Murthy S, De Clippeleir H, , 12 p.
T2 (2017)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
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“Minimum requirements for reporting analytical data for environmental samples”. Egli H, Dassenakis M, Garelick H, Van Grieken R, Peijnenburg WJGM, Klasinc L, Kördel W, Priest N, Tavares T, Pure and applied chemistry 75, 1097 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1351/PAC200375081097
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1351/PAC200375081097
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“Mitigation of nitrous oxide emission from nitritation/denitritation process”. Peng L, Carvajal-Arroyo JM, Seuntjens D, Colica G, Pintucci C, Vlaeminck SE, , 3 p.
T2 (2017)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
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“Mobile depth profiling and sub-surface imaging techniques for historical paintings : a review”. Alfeld M, Broekaert JAC, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 88, 211 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAB.2013.07.009
Abstract: Hidden, sub-surface paint layers and features contain valuable information for the art-historical investigation of a painting's past and for its conservation for coming generations. The number of techniques available for the study of these features has been considerably extended in the last decades and established techniques have been refined. This review focuses on mobile non-destructive subsurface imaging and depth profiling techniques, which allow for the in-situ investigation of easel paintings, i.e. paintings on a portable support. Among the techniques discussed are: X-ray radiography and infrared reflectography, which are long established methods and are in use for several decades. Their capabilities of element/species specific imaging have been extended by the introduction of energy/wavelength resolved measurements. Scanning macro-X-ray fluorescence analysis made it for the first time possible to acquire elemental distribution images in-situ and optical coherence tomography allows for the non-destructive study the surface paint layers in virtual cross-sections. These techniques and their variants are presented next to other techniques, such as Terahertz imaging, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance depth profiling and established techniques for non destructive testing (thermography, ultrasonic imaging and laser based interference methods) applied in the conservation of historical paintings. Next to selected case studies the capabilities and limitations of the techniques are discussed. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAB.2013.07.009
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“The Mӧbius phenomenon in Generalized Mӧbius-Listing bodies with cross sections of odd and even polygons”. Gielis J, Tavkhelidze I, Sn –, 1512-0066 34, 23 (2020)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
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“Model-based assessment of estrogen removal by nitrifying activated sludge”. Peng L, Dai X, Liu Y, Sun J, Song S, Ni B-J, Chemosphere 197, 430 (2018). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2018.01.035
Abstract: Complete removal of estrogens such as estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) and ethinylestradiol (EE2) in wastewater treatment is essential since their release and accumulation in natural water bodies are giving rise to environment and health issues. To improve our understanding towards the estrogen bioremediation process, a mathematical model was proposed for describing estrogen removal by nitrifying activated sludge. Four pathways were involved in the developed model: i) biosorption by activated sludge flocs; ii) cometabolic biodegradation linked to ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) growth; iii) non growth biodegradation by AOB; and iv) biodegradation by heterotrophic bacteria (HB). The degradation kinetics was implemented into activated sludge model (ASM) framework with consideration of interactions between substrate update and microorganism growth as well as endogenous respiration. The model was calibrated and validated by fitting model predictions against two sets of batch experimental data under different conditions. The model could satisfactorily capture all the dynamics of nitrogen, organic matters (COD), and estrogens. Modeling results suggest that for El, E2 and EE2, AOB-linked biodegradation is dominant over biodegradation by HB at all investigated COD dosing levels. However, for E3, the increase of COD dosage triggers a shift of dominant pathway from AOB biodegradation to HB biodegradation. Adsorption becomes the main contributor to estrogen removal at high biomass concentrations. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2018.01.035
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Nikolova I (2012) Modeling emission, formation and dispersion of ultrafine particles in an urban environment. 191 p
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
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“Modeling in mathematics : proceedings of the second Tbilisi-Salerno workshop on modeling in mathematics”. Gielis J, Ricci PE, Tavkhelidze I page 185 p. (2017).
Keywords: ME3 Book as editor; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.2991/978-94-6239-261-8
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“Modeling the charge deposition in quartz grains during natural irradiation and its influence on the optically stimulated luminescence signal”. Baly L, Quesada I, Murray AS, Martin G, van Espen P, Arteche R, Jain M, Radiation Measurements 142, 106564 (2021). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.RADMEAS.2021.106564
Abstract: The rate of charge deposition in quartz grains irradiated in natural conditions is computed by radiation transport modeling. Quartz luminescence models are modified with the addition of the resulting charge deposition term, and the influence of this process on the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) signal is analyzed. The results indicate that the charge deposition occurring in the quartz grain during the time of residence within rock could lead to the depletion of trapped holes in the recombination centres. For the two different quartz models investigated here, complete depletion is expected to occur for rock ages between 500 Ma and 1100 Ma. It is predicted that for sedimentary quartz derived from such rocks, the OSL signal is dominated by the slow component. It was also found that the shape and saturation level of the natural sensitivity-corrected dose response curve (DRC) of quartz is affected by the charge deposition; specifically, a linear reduction of the saturation level with the age of the rock is observed.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 1.442
DOI: 10.1016/J.RADMEAS.2021.106564
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Fenu A (2016) Modelling and operations of municipal membrane bioreactors : from conventional to novel applications. 180 p
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
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“Modelling cometabolic biotransformation of sulfamethoxazole by an enriched ammonia oxidizing bacteria culture”. Peng L, Kassotaki E, Liu Y, Sun J, Dai X, Pijuan M, Rodriguez-Roda I, Buttiglieri G, Ni B-J, Chemical engineering science 173, 465 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.CES.2017.08.015
Abstract: Antibiotics such as sulfamethoxazole (SFX) are environmentally hazardous after being released into the aquatic environment and challenges remain in the development of engineered prevention strategies. In this work, a mathematical model was developed to describe and evaluate cometabolic biotransformation of SFX and its transformation products (TPs) in an enriched ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) culture. The growth-linked cometabolic biodegradation by AOB, non-growth transformation by AOB and nongrowth transformation by heterotrophs were considered in the model framework. The production of major TPs comprising 4-Nitro-SFX, Desamino-SFX and N-4-Acetyl-SFX was also specifically modelled. The validity of the model was demonstrated through testing against literature reported data from extensive batch tests, as well as from long-term experiments in a partial nitritation sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and in a combined SBR + membrane aerated biofilm reactor performing nitrification/denitrification. Modelling results revealed that the removal efficiency of SFX increased with the increase of influent ammonium concentration, whereas the influent organic matter, hydraulic retention time and solid retention time exerted a limited effect on SFX biodegradation with the removal efficiencies varying in a narrow range. The variation of influent SFX concentration had no impact on SFX removal efficiency. The established model framework enables interpretation of a range of experimental observations on SFX biodegradation and helps to identify the optimal conditions for efficient removal. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1016/J.CES.2017.08.015
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“Modern micro-analytical techniques for the elucidation of causes and mechanisms of material deterioration”. Van Grieken R, Dewolfs R, (1992)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Modern micro-analytical techniques to elucidate the causes and mechanisms of damage to cultural property”. Van Grieken R, Vleugels G, Roekens E, Veny P page 101 (1991).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Modulating the mixed potential for developing biosensors: Direct potentiometric determination of glucose in whole, undiluted blood”. Cánovas R, Blondeau P, Andrade FJ, Biosensors &, Bioelectronics 163, 112302 (2020). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIOS.2020.112302
Abstract: The growing demand for tools to generate chemical information in decentralized settings is creating a vast range of opportunities for potentiometric sensors, since their combination of robustness, simplicity of operation and cost can hardly be rivalled by any other technique. In previous works, we have shown that the mixed potential of a Pt electrode can be controlled with analytical purposes using a coating of Nafion, thus providing a way to develop a potentiometric biosensor for glucose. Unfortunately, the linear range of this device did not match the relevant clinical range for glucose in blood. This work presents a novel strategy to control the mixed potential that allows the development of a potentiometric biosensor for the direct detection of glucose in whole, undiluted blood without any sample pretreatment. By changing the ionomer, the analytical response can be tuned, shifting the linear range while keeping the sensitivity. Aquivion, a polyelectrolyte from the same family as Nafion, is used to stabilize the mixed potential of a platinized paper-based electrode, to entrap the enzyme and to reduce the interference from negatively charged species. Factors affecting the generation of the signal and the principle of detection are discussed. Optimization of the biosensor composition was achieved with particular focus on the characterization of the linear range and sensitivity. The accurate measurement of blood sugar levels in a single drop of whole blood with excellent recovery is presented.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 12.6
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIOS.2020.112302
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