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“Jan Davidsz. de Heem (1606-1684): a technical examination of fruit and flower still lifes combining MA-XRF scanning, cross-section analysis and technical historical sources”. De Keyser N, van der Snickt G, Van Loon A, Legrand S, Wallert A, Janssens K, Heritage science 5, 38 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1186/S40494-017-0151-4
Abstract: This article discusses the technical examination of five flower and fruit still life paintings by the seventeenth century artist Jan Davidsz. de Heem (1606-1684). The painter is known for his meticulously composed and finely detailed still life paintings and is a master in imitating the surface textures of various fruits, flowers, and objects. Macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) scanning experiments were supplemented with a study of paint cross-sections and contemporary art technical sources with the aim of reconstructing the complex build-up of the overall lay-in of the composition and individual subjects. MA-XRF provided information on the distribution of key chemical elements present in painting materials and made it possible to recapture evidence of the different phases in the artist's working methods: from the application of the ground layers, to De Heem's characteristic oval-shaped underpaintings, and finally, the superposition of multiple paint layers in the working up of the paintings. SEM-EDX analysis of a limited number of paint cross-sections complemented the chemical images with local and layer-specific information on the microscale, providing more accuracy on the layer sequence and enabling the study of elements with a low atomic number for which the non-invasive technique is less sensitive. The results from this technical examination were in addition compared with recipes and paint instructions, to obtain a better understanding of the relation between the general practice and actual painting technique of Jan Davidsz. de Heem. Ultimately, this combined approach uncovered new information on De Heem's artistic practice and demonstrated the complementarity of the methods.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Times cited: 5
DOI: 10.1186/S40494-017-0151-4
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“A joint action of aptamers and gold nanoparticles chemically trapped on a glassy carbon support for the electrochemical sensing of ofloxacin”. Pilehvar S, Reinemann C, Bottari F, Vanderleyden E, Van Vlierberghe S, Blust R, Strehlitz B, De Wael K, Sensors and actuators : B : chemical 240, 1024 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SNB.2016.09.075
Abstract: A joint action of ssDNA aptamers and electrochemistry is a key element in developing successful biosensing platforms, since aptamers are capable of binding various targets with high specificity, and electrochemistry is one of the most sensitive techniques for on-site detections. A continuous search for improved immobilization and sensing strategies of aptamers on transducer surfaces resulted in the strategy presented in this article. The strategy is based on the covalent attachment of gold nanoparticles on the surface of glassy carbon electrodes through sulfhydryl-terminated monolayer, acting as a glue to connect AuNPs on the electrode. The covalently attached gold nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrodes have been applied for the efficient immobilization of thiolated ssDNA probes, with a surface coverage of about 8.54 × 1013 molecules cm−2 which was 7-fold higher than that on the electrochemically deposited gold nanoparticles. Consequently, improved sensitivity, good reproducibility and stability are achieved for electrochemical aptasensor. Combined with the high affinity and specificity of an aptamer, a simple, novel, rapid, sensitive and label-free electrochemical aptasensor was successfully fabricated for ofloxacin (OFL) detection. The linear dynamic range of the sensor varies between 5 × 10−8 to 2 × 10−5 M OFL with a detection limit of 1 × 10−9 M OFL. A potential application in environmental monitoring was demonstrated by using this sensing strategy for the determination of OFL in (experimentally spiked) real samples such as tap water and effluent of sewage treatment plant. The proposed nanoaptasensor combines the advantages of the covalent attachment of neatly arranged AuNPs (enlarged active surface area and strengthened electrochemical signal) and the elimination of labels for the amplified detection of OFL, with the covalent attachment of highly specific aptamers to the surface of the modified electrode.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 5.401
Times cited: 21
DOI: 10.1016/J.SNB.2016.09.075
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“A laboratory mu-XRF spectrometer employing capillary optics”. Janssens K, Vekemans B, Rindby A, Vincze L, Adams F, , 159 (1995)
Keywords: P1 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Localised and non-destructive analysis of metallic artefacts from ancient Egypt by means of a compact μ-XRF instrument”. Vittiglio G, Janssens K, Adams F, Oost A, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 54, 1697 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(99)00100-7
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.241
DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(99)00100-7
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“MA-XRF imaging on Rene Magritte's La condition humaine : insights into the artist's palette and technique and the discovery of a third quarter of La pose enchantee”. da Silva AT, Legrand S, van der Snickt G, Featherstone R, Janssens K, Bottinelli G, Heritage science 5, 37 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1186/S40494-017-0150-5
Abstract: Magritte's composition La condition humaine, 1935 was found to conceal under its paint layers an entire quarter of a lost composition by the artist, until recently only known from a small black/white catalogue illustration-La pose enchantee, 1927. This study is the latest contribution to the discovery of the artist's missing painting, now known to have been cut into four parts and re-used by Magritte as the support for new compositions. Non-destructive analytical and examination methods and specifically macroscopic X-ray fluorescence (MAXRF) scanning and conventional X-ray radiography (XRR) were the two non-destructive analytical and examination methods used to study both compositions and add to the existing knowledge on the artist's palette during both periods. The first method is capable of identifying the presence and the distribution of key chemical elements present in artists' materials. In some instances elemental mapping provided useful information on the hidden painting, but conventional X-ray radiography (XRR) enabled a better visualisation of the form and paint application of the underlying composition. Furthermore, the turnover edges of the canvas reveal after over 80 years the artist's palette directly to the viewer. Additional XRF scanning of this exposed paint has confirmed and added to the existing research published to date of this lost painting, including a proposed colour reconstruction, but at the same time highlighting the need for further analytical research involving both non-destructive point analysis and the use of paint samples.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Times cited: 7
DOI: 10.1186/S40494-017-0150-5
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“Macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) scanning : a new and efficient method for documenting stained-glass panels”. Caen J, Legrand S, van der Snickt G, Janssens K, (2015)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
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“Macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) scanning of illuminated manuscript fragments: potentialities and challenges”. Ricciardi P, Legrand S, Bertolotti G, Janssens K, Microchemical journal
T2 –, TECHNART Conference, APR 27-30, 2015, Catania, ITALY 124, 785 (2016). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.MICROC.2015.10.020
Abstract: Macro X-ray fluorescence scanning (MA-XRF) is gradually becoming an established technique for the non-invasive analytical investigation of painted surfaces. This paper discusses some of the benefits and limitations of employing MA-XRF for the study of manuscript illuminations. Art historical research on this type of artefacts that is based on scientific measurements is often limited by the fact that usually no sampling can take place. Hence there is a need for non-invasive analytical tools that make it possible to conduct systematic investigations. As a representative example of this type of objects, a 15th century Italian manuscript fragment from the collection of the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge (UK) is investigated. The aims of the study were to gain insight into the materials and techniques employed by Renaissance illuminators and to help answer specific questions regarding the fragment's authorship and geographic origin. The complementarity and advantages of MA-XRF mapping versus site-specific analyses are discussed. For this purpose, MA-XRF data are evaluated and compared with the results of other analytical techniques. The interpretation of the elemental maps is discussed along with the challenges faced during the analysis. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.034
Times cited: 24
DOI: 10.1016/J.MICROC.2015.10.020
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“Magnetic- and particle-based techniques to investigate metal deposition on urban green”. Castanheiro A, Samson R, De Wael K, The science of the total environment 571, 594 (2016). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2016.07.026
Abstract: Urban green works as a recorder of atmospheric PM. This paper reports on the utility of combining magnetic- and particle-based techniques to investigate PM leaf deposition as a bio-indicator of metal pollution. Ivy (Hedera helix) leaves were collected from five different land use classes, i.e. forest, rural, roadside, industrial, train. Leaf magnetic measurements were done in terms of saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (leaf SIRM), while ca. 40,000 leaf-deposited particles were analyzed through SEM/EDX to estimate the elemental composition. The influence of the different land use classes was registered both magnetically and in terms of metal content. Leaf area-normalized SIRM values ranged from 19.9 to 444.0 μA, in the following order forest < rural < roadside < industrial < train. Leaf SIRM showed to be significantly correlated (p < 0.01) with the content in Fe, Zn, and Pb, followed by Mn and Cd (p < 0.05), while no significant correlation was found with the metals Cr and Cu. Although presenting a similar metal content, roadside and train were magnetically very distinct. By exhibiting a very high content in Pb, and with an Fe content being comparable to the one observed at the forest and rural land uses, the industrial leaf-deposited particles showed to be mainly due to industrial activity. While SEM/EDX is a suitable approach for detailed particle analysis, leaf SIRM of ivy can be used as a rapid discriminatory tool for metal pollution. Their complementary use delivers further knowledge on land use classes reflecting different PM conditions and/or sources.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 4.9
Times cited: 17
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2016.07.026
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“Mediated electrolysis of vicinal diols by neocuproine palladium catalysts”. Lybaert J, Tehrani KA, De Wael K, Electrochimica acta 247, 685 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ELECTACTA.2017.07.044
Abstract: Synthetic electrochemistry agrees well with the principles of sustainable chemistry, therefore it is considered as a more environmentally friendly approach than some current synthetic methods Here, we present a new strategy for the chemoselective oxidation of vicinal diols, viz. the integration of neocuproine palladium catalysts and electrosynthesis. Benzoquinones are used as an effective mediator as the reduced species (hydroquinones) can be easily reoxidized at relative low potentials at an electrode surface. NeocuproinePd(OAc)2 efficiently works as a catalyst in an electrolysis reaction for vicinal diols at room temperature. This is a remarkable observation given the fact that aerobic oxidation reactions of alcohols typically need a more complex catalyst, i.e. [neocuproinePdOAc]2[OTf]2. In this article we describe the optimization of the electrolysis conditions for the neocuproinePd(OAc)2 catalyst to selectively oxidize diols. The suggested approach leads to conversion of alcohols with high yields and provides an interesting alternative to perform oxidation reactions under mild conditions by the aid of electrochemistry.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Organic synthesis (ORSY)
Impact Factor: 4.798
DOI: 10.1016/J.ELECTACTA.2017.07.044
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“Methods 4: elemental analysis (AAS/AES/X-ray fluorescence)”. Janssens K (2003).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Micro-analysis of artists' pigments by grazing-emission X-ray fluorescence spectrometry”. Claes M, van Ham R, Janssens K, Van Grieken R, Klockenkämper R, von Bohlen A, Advances in X-ray analysis 41, 262 (1999)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Micro-analytical characterisation of radioactive heterogeneities in samples from Central Asian TENORM sites”. Lind OC, de Nolf W, Janssens K, Salbu B, Journal of environmental radioactivity 123, 63 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVRAD.2012.02.012
Abstract: The present work focuses on the use of micro-analytical techniques to demonstrate the heterogeneous distribution of radionuclides and metals in soils collected at Former Soviet Union mining sites in Central Asia. Based on digital autoradiography, radionuclides were heterogeneously distributed in soil samples collected at the abandoned uranium mining sites Kurday, Kazakhstan, Kadji Sai, Kyrgyzstan and Taboshar, Tajikistan. Using electron microscopy interfaced with X-ray microanalysis submicron – mm-sized radioactive particles and rock fragments with U, As, Se and toxic metals on the surfaces were identified in Kurday and Kadji Sai samples. Employing scanning and tomographic (3D) synchrotron radiation based micro-X-ray fluorescence (mu-SRXRF) and synchrotron radiation based micro-X-ray diffraction (mu-SRXRD) allowed us to observe the inner structure of the particles without physical sectioning. The distribution of elements in virtual crosssections demonstrated that U and a series of toxic elements were rather heterogeneously distributed also within individual radioactive TENORM particles. Compared to archived data, U in Kadji Sai particles was present as uraninite (U4O9+y or UO2+x) or Na-zippeite aNa(4)(UO2)(6)[(OH)(10)(SO4)(3)]center dot 4H(2)O), i.e. U minerals with very low solubility. The results suggested that TENORM particles can carry substantial amount of radioactivity, which can be subject to re-suspension, atmospheric transport and water transport. Thus, the potential radioecological and radioanalytical impact of radioactive particles at NORM and TENORM sites worldwide should be taken into account. The present work also demonstrates that radioecological studies should benefit from the use of advanced methods such as synchrotron radiation based techniques. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 2.31
Times cited: 16
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVRAD.2012.02.012
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“Micro-distribution of heavy elements in highly inhomogeneous particles generated from μ-beam XRF/XRD analysis”. Rindby A, Engström P, Janssens K, Osán J, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B: beam interactions with materials and atoms 124, 591 (1997)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 1.109
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“Micro-heterogeneity study of trace elements in BCR CRM 680 by means of synchrotron micro-XRF”. Kempenaers L, de Koster C, van Borm W, Janssens K, Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 369, 733 (2001). http://doi.org/10.1007/S002160000679
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Times cited: 15
DOI: 10.1007/S002160000679
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Kempenaers L, Vincze L, Vekemans B, Janssens K, Adams F, Somogyi A, Drakopoulos M, Simionovici AS (2004) Micro-heterogeneity study of trace elements in reference materials. 132 p
Keywords: MA3 Book as author; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Micro-heterogeneity study of trace elements in USGS, MPI-DING and glass reference materials by means of synchrotron micro-XRF”. Kempenaers L, Janssens K, Jochum KP, Vincze L, Vekemans B, Somogyi A, Drakopoulos M, Adams F, Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry 18, 350 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1039/B212196D
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.379
Times cited: 38
DOI: 10.1039/B212196D
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“Micro-XANES determination of ferric iron and its application in thermobarometry”. Schmid R, Wilke M, Ober R, Dong S, Janssens K, Falkenberg G, Franz L, Gaab A, Lithos 70, 381 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-4937(03)00107-5
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0024-4937(03)00107-5
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Janssens KHA, Adams FCV, Rindby A (2000) Microscopic X-ray fluorescence analysis. 419 p
Keywords: MA1 Book as author; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Microscopic X-ray fluorescence analysis”. Janssens K, Vincze L, Rubio J, Bernasconi G, Adams F, Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry 9, 151 (1994). http://doi.org/10.1039/JA9940900151
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1039/JA9940900151
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“Mitigation strategies for radiation damage in the analysis of ancient materials”. Bertrand L, Schoeeder S, Anglos D, Breese MBH, Janssens K, Moini M, Simon A, Trends in analytical chemistry 66, 128 (2015). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.TRAC.2014.10.005
Abstract: The study of materials in cultural heritage artifacts and micro-samples benefits from diagnostic techniques based on intense radiation sources, such as synchrotrons, ion-beam accelerators and lasers. While most of the corresponding techniques are classified as non-destructive, investigation with photons or charged particles entails a number of fundamental processes that may induce changes in materials. These changes depend on irradiation parameters, properties of materials and environmental factors. In some cases, radiation-induced damage may be detected by visual inspection. When it is not, irradiation may still lead to atomic and molecular changes resulting in immediate or delayed alteration and bias of future analyses. Here we review the effects of radiation reported on a variety of cultural heritage materials and describe the usual practice for assessing short-term and long-term effects. This review aims to raise awareness and encourage subsequent research activities to limit radiation side effects.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 8.442
Times cited: 35
DOI: 10.1016/J.TRAC.2014.10.005
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“Mixed hemi/ad-micelles coated magnetic nanoparticles for the entrapment of hemoglobin at the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode and its direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis”. Amiri-Aref M, Raoof JB, Kiekens F, De Wael K, Biosensors and bioelectronics 74, 518 (2015). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIOS.2015.07.001
Abstract: An efficient procedure for the physical entrapment of proteins within a biocompatible matrix and their immobilization on electrode surfaces is of utmost importance in the fabrication of biosensors. In this work, the magnetic entrapment of hemoglobin (Hb) at the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE), through mixed hemi/ad-micelles (MHAM) array of positively charged surfactant supported iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Mag-NPs), is reported. The Hb/MHAM@Mag-NPs biocomposite is captured at SPCE by a super magnet (Hb/MHAM@Mag-NPs/SPCE). To gain insight in the configuration of the mixed hemi/ad-micelles of CTAB at Mag-NPs, zeta-potential measurements were performed. The entrapment of Hb at MHAM@Mag-NPs was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Direct electron transfer of the Hb intercalated into the composite film showed a pair of well-defined quasi-reversible redox peak at formal potential of −0.255 V vs. Ag/AgCl corresponding to heme Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couple. It shows that the MHAM@Mag-NPs composite could increase the adsorption ability for Hb, thus provides a facile direct electron transfer between the Hb and the substrate. The proposed biosensor showed excellent electrocatalytic activity to the H2O2 reduction in the wide concentration range from 5.0 to 300.0 µM obtained by amperometric measurement. The MichaelisMenten constant (Km) value of Hb at the modified electrode is 55.4 µM, showing its high affinity. Magnetic entrapment offers a promising design for fast, convenient and effective immobilization of protein within a few minutes for determination of the target molecule in low sample volume at disposable cost-effective SPCE.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 7.78
Times cited: 14
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIOS.2015.07.001
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“Monte Carlo simulation for X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy”. Vincze L, Janssens K, Vekemans B, Adams F page 435 (2004).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Monte Carlo simulation of conventional and synchrotron energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometers”. Janssens K, Vincze L, van Espen P, Adams F, X-ray spectrometry 22, 234 (1993). http://doi.org/10.1002/XRS.1300220412
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
DOI: 10.1002/XRS.1300220412
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“Monte Carlo simulation of X-ray fluorescence and scattering tomography experiments”. Vincze L, Janssens K, Vekemans B, Adams F page 328 (1999).
Keywords: H1 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1117/12.363736
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“Monte Carlo simulation of X-ray fluorescence spectra: part 4: photon scattering at high X-ray energies”. Vincze L, Janssens K, Vekemans B, Adams F, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy , 1711 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(99)00094-4
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.241
DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(99)00094-4
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“Multianalytical study of patina formed on archaeological metal objects from Bliesbruck-Reinheim”. Wadsak M, Constantinides I, Vittiglio G, Adriaens A, Janssens K, Schreiner M, Adams FC, Brunella P, Wuttmann M, Microchimica acta 133, 159 (2000). http://doi.org/10.1007/S006040070086
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 4.58
DOI: 10.1007/S006040070086
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“Near-field diffraction of fs and sub-fs pulses: super resolution of NSOM in space and time”. Kukhlevsky SV, Mechler M, Csapo L, Janssens K, Physics letters : A 319, 439 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYSLETA.2003.10.054
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 1.772
Times cited: 10
DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYSLETA.2003.10.054
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“A new multisine-based impedimetric aptasensing platform”. Pauwels D, Pilehvar S, Geboes B, Hubin A, De Wael K, Breugelmans T, Electrochemistry communications 71, 23 (2016). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ELECOM.2016.07.010
Abstract: In this work an aptamer-based biosensor is combined with a multisine electrochemical impedance spectroscopy sensing methodology into a novel and promising biosensing strategy. Employing a multisine instead of a traditional single sine measuring method allows the detection and quantification of parameters that provide information about the accuracy and reliability of the results, such as noise and distortions. This does not only lead to a shorter measurement time, but it also enables an easy and fast evaluation of the quality of the data and fitting, leading to more accurate results.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)
Impact Factor: 4.396
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.1016/J.ELECOM.2016.07.010
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“Non-destructive micoranalysis of cultural heritage materials”. Janssens K, Van Grieken R page 800 p. (2004).
Keywords: ME3 Book as editor; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Novel quantitative procedures for in-situ X-ray fluorescence analysis”. Van Grieken R, Janssens K, van Espen P, Injuk J, Padilla R, Vittiglio G, Potgieter JH page 45 (2005).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
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