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“Characterisation of air pollutants in museum showcases”. Kontozova V, Deutsch F, Godoi R, Godoi AF, Joos P, Van Grieken R, (2002)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Characterisation of individual aerosol particles for atmospheric and cultural heritage studies”. Van Grieken R, Gysels K, Hoornaert S, Joos P, Osán J, Szalóki I, Worobiec A, Water, air and soil pollution 123, 215 (2000). http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005215304729
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1023/A:1005215304729
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“Characterisation of individual aerosol particles for atmospheric and cultural heritage studies”. Van Grieken R, Gysels K, Hoornaert S, Joos P, Osán J, Szalóki I, Worobiec A page 215 (2000).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Characterisation of individual atmospheric particles within the Royal Museum of the Wawel Castle in Cracow, Poland”. Worobiec A, Stefaniak EA, Kontozova V, Samek L, Karaszkiewicz P, van Meel K, Van Grieken R, e-Preservation Science 3, 63 (2006)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
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“Characterisation of individual suspension particles in the Ems estuary”. Bernard PC, Van Grieken RE, Eisma D, (1986)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Characterisation of particulate matter in the Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp, Belgium”. Gysels K, Deutsch F, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 36, 4103 (2002). http://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00229-7
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00229-7
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“Characterisation of sugar cane combustion particles in the Araraquara region, Southeast Brazil”. Godoi RHM, Godoi AFL, Worobiec A, Andrade SJ, de Hoog J, Santiago-Silva MR, Van Grieken R, Microchimica acta 145, 53 (2004). http://doi.org/10.1007/S00604-003-0126-X
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/S00604-003-0126-X
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“Characterisation of wood combustion particles using electron probe microanalysis”. Osán J, Alföldy B, Török S, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 36, 2207 (2002). http://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00153-X
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00153-X
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“Characterization and removal of a disfiguring oxalate crust on a large altarpiece by Hans Memling”. Klaassen L, van der Snickt G, Legrand S, Higgitt C, Spring M, Vanmeert F, Rosi F, Brunetti BG, Postec M, Janssens K page 263 (2019).
Abstract: During the conservation treatment of Memling’s Christ with Singing and Music-making Angels, three panel paintings that are among the most monumental works in early Netherlandish art, the conservators came across insoluble surface layers containing calcium oxalates. A very thin and irregular layer of this type, hardly visible to the naked eye, was spread across the surface of all three panels. A much thicker layer forming an opaque and highly disfiguring crust that obscured the composition (Figs. 15.1 and 15.7) was locally present on areas of dark copper-containing paint, where multiple layers of old discolored coatings and accretions remained in place before the most recent cleaning. This article describes the application of a wide range of analytical techniques in order to fully understand the stratigraphy and composition of the crusts on the Memling paintings. FTIR spectroscopy in transmission and reflection mode, micro-ATR-FTIR imaging and macro-rFTIR scanning, SEM-EDX, mobile XRD, and SR-μXRD showed that the crusts contained two related Ca-based oxalate salts, whewellite and weddellite, and were separated from the original paint surface by varnish, indicating that they did not originate from degradation of the original paint but from a combination of microbial action and a thick accumulation of dirt. Supported by the results from these different analytical techniques, which when used together proved to be very effective in providing complementary information that addressed this specific conservation problem, and aided by the presence of the intermediate varnish layer(s), the conservators were able to remove most of the crusts with spectacular results.
Keywords: H1 Book chapter; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90617-1_15
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“Characterization of aerosol-associated lead by DPASV and LAMMA”. Wonders JHAM, Houweling S, de Bont FAJ, van Leeuwen HP, Eeckhaoudt SM, Van Grieken R, International journal of environmental analytical chemistry 56, 193 (1994). http://doi.org/10.1080/03067319408034100
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1080/03067319408034100
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“Characterization of aerosol particles at Seoul, Korea, using ultrathin window EPMA”. Oh K-Y, Ro C-U, Kim HK, Van Grieken R, (2000)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Characterization of aerosol particles collected at Kosan and 1100 Hill sites, Cheju Island, Korea, using ultrathin window EPMA”. Oh K-Y, Ro C-U, Kim HK, Kim Y-P, Van Grieken R, (2000)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Characterization of air particulate matter by X-ray, Raman and mass spectrometric techniques”. Van Grieken R, Adams F page 57 (1986).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Characterization of air pollutants observed in three European cathedrals: is the protective glazing really effective?”.Kontozova V, Godoi RHM, Spolnik Z, Worobiec A, Deutsch F, Van Grieken R, Rivista della Stazione sperimentale del vetro 3, 13 (2005)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
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“Characterization of Asian dust using ultrathin window EPMA”. Ro C-U, Oh K-Y, Kim HK, Chun Y, Van Grieken R, (1999)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Characterization of colloidal and particulate matter transported by the Magela Creek system, Northern Australia”. Hart BT, Douglas GB, Beckett R, van Put A, Van Grieken R, Hydrological processes 7, 105 (1993)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Characterization of impact materials around Barringer meteor crater by micro-PIXE nd micro-SRXRF techniques”. Uzonyi I, Szöör G, Rozsa P, Vekemans B, Vincze L, Adams F, Drakopoulos M, Somogyi A, Kiss ÁZ, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B: beam interactions with materials and atoms 219/220, 555 (2004). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.NIMB.2004.01.119
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.NIMB.2004.01.119
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“Characterization of individual environmental particles by beam techniques”. Xhoffer C, Wouters L, Artaxo P, van Put A, Van Grieken R page 107 (1992).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Characterization of individual giant aerosol particles above the North Sea”. van Malderen H, Rojas C, Van Grieken R, Environmental science and technology 26, 750 (1992). http://doi.org/10.1021/ES00028A013
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/ES00028A013
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“Characterization of individual particles in the North Sea surface microlayer and underlying seawater: comparison with atmospheric particles”. Xhoffer C, Wouters L, Van Grieken R, Environmental science and technology 26, 2151 (1992). http://doi.org/10.1021/ES00035A013
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/ES00035A013
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“Characterization of the ionic and particulate systems in the reservoir”. Godoi RHM, Lima Bittencourt AV, Hirata PY, Jafelicci Junior M, dos Reis Neto JM, Van Grieken R page 143 (2014).
Keywords: H2 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Characterization of the weathering crust of various historical buildings in Belgium”. Leysen LA, Roekens EJ, Van Grieken RE, De Geyter G, The science of the total environment 90, 117 (1990). http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(90)90190-6
Abstract: A variety of samples, collected from different historical buildings and monuments throughout Belgium, were thoroughly studied, using several trace- and micro-analysis techniques. Thin sections of stones and mortar joints were characterized by means of electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPXMA). The morphological appearance of the surface weathering crust and the possible presence of non-innate particles in the crust were elucidated using petrographical and electron microscopy. Quantitative characterization of the total chemical composition of the crust surface layer and underlying layer was performed by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, and by ion chromatography and atomic absorption spectrometry for the leachable components. Special attention was also paid to the chemical composition of rain and air at the particular sampling sites. The element distribution in the transition zone between the weathering crust and the original stone material was found to vary greatly amongst the different samples analyzed. Detailed EPXMA measurements on pieces of the weathering crust showed remarkable differences in morphology and composition between the surface and the underlying layer, and provided information about the presence of fly-ash and soil dust particles in the crust. Except for crusts from the city of Brussels, which were all very high in sulphate, the samples appeared to contain very variable sulphate contents; very local micro-climate and environmental conditions at a particular site are more important in determining the weathering condition of the building stones than the local air pollution situation. Bulk analytical characterization further showed, in all the crust samples studied, a very small contribution of nitrogen- and chlorine-containing weathering products, in contrast to sulphur-containing weathering salts.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(90)90190-6
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“Chemical alteration and colour changes in the Amsterdam sunflowers”. Monico L, Hendriks E, Geldof M, Miliani C, Janssens K, Brunetti BG, Cotte M, Vanmeert F, Chieli A, Van der Snickt G, Romani A, Melo MJ page 125 (2019).
Abstract: This chapter provides a description of colour changes in the Amsterdam Sunflowers due to chemical alteration of pigments, with a focus on geranium lakes and chrome yellows. The brilliant and forceful colours of these and other late nineteenth-century synthetic materials offered artists such as Vincent van Gogh new means of artistic expression that exploited a range of contrasting hues and tints. However, geranium lakes have a strong tendency to fade and chrome yellows to darken under the influence of light. Van Gogh, like other artists of his day, was aware of this drawback, yet he continued to favour the use of both pigments up until his death in July 1890 due to the unparalleled effects they gave. In April 1888, Vincent wrote to his brother Theo: Van Gogh's use of unstable colours opens a series of questions regarding the extent to which colour change affects the way his paintings look today, as discussed here in relation to the Amsterdam Sunflowers. Furthermore, given the frequency with which geranium lakes and chrome yellows occur in Van Gogh's paintings of the period 1888–90 and the predominance of chrome yellows in Sunflowers, it becomes important to understand the factors that can drive these processes of deterioration in order to develop appropriate strategies for conserving the artist's works.
Keywords: H1 Book chapter; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
DOI: 10.1017/9789048550531.006
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“Chemical characterisation of weathering crust and run-off water for a deteriorated limestone cathedral”. Roekens E, Leysen L, Van Grieken R, Komy Z, (1986)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Chemical characterisation, source identification and quantification of the input of atmospheric particulate matter into the North Sea”. van Malderen H, de Bock L, Hoornaert S, Injuk J, Van Grieken R page 103 (1996).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Chemical characterization and source apportionment of fine aerosols”. Ravindra K, Stranger M, Van Grieken R, Sokhi RS (2009).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Chemical characterization of airborne particles in St. Martinus Cathedral in Weert, The Netherlands”. Spolnik Z, Worobiec A, Injuk J, Neilen D, Schellen H, Van Grieken R, Microchimica acta 145, 223 (2004). http://doi.org/10.1007/S00604-003-0158-2
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/S00604-003-0158-2
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“Chemical characterization of airborne particulate matter above the North Sea”. Bruynseels F, Storms H, Van Grieken R, (1985)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Chemical characterization of individual aerosol particles from remote and polluted marine air”. Bruynseels F, Storms H, Van Grieken R, (1985)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Chemical characterization of individual aerosol particles in Central Siberia”. van Malderen H, Van Grieken R, Bufetov NV, Koutzenogii KP, Environmental science and technology 30, 312 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1021/ES950402K
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/ES950402K
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