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“Background aerosol composition in the Namib Desert, South West-Africa (Namibia)”. Annegarn HJ, Van Grieken RE, Dibby DM, Von Blottnitz F, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 17, 2045 (1983). http://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(83)90361-X
Abstract: A remote site in the Namib Desert was selected for sampling background aerosols in southern Africa, as one of a wide network of stations spanning the Southern Hemisphere in a programme designed to measure the background concentrations of trace elements in the atmosphere. A series of samples was collected over a 6-month period using a single-orifice cascade impactor, which fractionated the particles into six size groups. Analysis was performed using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), yielding results for S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Br and Sr, and occasionally also for V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb. No direct correlations with wind direction were observed excluding strong local or regional sources of particles. K, Ca, Ti, Mn and Fe can be identified with a dust dispersion source. Cl, large particle S and Br, and part of the K and Sr are derived from sea spray. Relative to the soil components small particle K is not enriched as it normally is in regions with less scarce vegetation. Cr, V, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb concentrations and enrichments in the aerosol are lower than practically all values measured at any other location hitherto. The concentration of the small particle sulphur, 200 ng m−3, is believed to be related to anaerobic conditions and plankton blooms in the ocean upwelling zones off Namibia.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(83)90361-X
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“Electron microprobe characterization of individual aerosol particles collected by aircraft above the Southern Bight of the North Sea”. Rojas CM, Van Grieken RE, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 26a, 1231 (1992). http://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(92)90384-W
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90384-W
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“Geophysical applicability of aerosol size distribution measurements using cascade impactors and proton-induced X-ray-emission”. Van Grieken RE, Johansson TB, Akselsson KR, Winchester JW, Nelson JW, Chapman KR, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 10, 571 (1976). http://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(76)90040-8
Abstract: Proton Induced X-ray Emission, (PIXE), is capable of high precision analysis for trace element components of aerosol particle size fractions sampled by cascade impactor. A statistical evaluation of data quality has been carried out in order to distinguish between analytical uncertainties in the PIXE procedure, errors caused by cascade impactor performance and by other factors in the sampling procedure, and geophysical causes of differences in composition and particle size distributions of the elements in aerosols. Replicate analyses and simultaneous samplings taken in north Florida and St. Louis have been used for the data evaluation. In addition to the analytical error the sampling procedure contributes an error of ~ 10% to be added quadratically. The resulting precision is sufficient to evaluate the data in geophysical terms. This is illustrated by means of sample sets taken simultaneously in an urban, forest and coastal environment of the same region.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(76)90040-8
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“Analysis of Malagasy medical herbs by X-ray fluorescence in total reflectivity”. Razafindramisa FL, Andriambololona R, Brunel M, Van Grieken RE, Journal de physique: 4 6, 833 (1996)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Laser microprobe mass spectrometric identification of cyclosporine-induced intrarenal microliths in rat”. Verbueken AH, Van Grieken RE, Verpooten GA, de Broe ME, Wedeen RP, Biological mass spectrometry 21, 590 (1992). http://doi.org/10.1002/BMS.1200211111
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
DOI: 10.1002/BMS.1200211111
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“Composition of individual aerosol particles in the marine boundary layer over seas of the Western Russian Arctic”. Shevchenko VP, Van Grieken RE, van Malderen H, Lisitzin AP, Kuptsov VM, Serova VV, Doklady earth sciences 366, 546 (1999)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Aerosol-soil fractionation for Namib Desert samples”. Eltayeb MAH, Van Grieken RE, Maenhaut W, Annegarn HAJ, Atmospheric environment: part A : general topics 27, 669 (1993). http://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(93)90185-2
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90185-2
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“Phosphorus, calcium and lead distribution in collagen in lead induced soft tissue calcification : an ultrastructural and X-ray microanalytical study”. Vandeputte DF, Jacob WA, Van Grieken RE, Matrix 10, 33 (1990). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0934-8832(11)80135-6
Abstract: Repeated intraperitoneal injections of lead acetate in rats caused a calcification of the skin of the abdomen near the site of the injections. In the lead-induced calcifications, electron dense collagen bundles could be observed. On the surface of the collagen fibrils, needle-like crystals were visible. With energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, phosphorus, calcium and lead were detected in the electron dense collagen bundles. X-ray maps of the P-Kα, Ca-Kα, and Pb-Lα plus Pb-Lβ lines showed an equivalent distribution along the collagen fibrils for phosphorus and calcium. The occurrence of the most electron dense areas in the STEM-image was comparable to the lead distribution. A good correlation existed between the structural and the elemental images of the same area. Although the medicinal use of preparations containing lead is no longer recommended, some are still prescribed. From our results we can conclude that they should not be applied to injured or inflamed skin.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0934-8832(11)80135-6
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“Laser microprobe mass spectrometry in biology and biomedicine”. Eeckhaoudt S, van Vaeck L, Gijbels R, van Grieken RE, Scanning microscopy S8, 335 (1994)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Electron probe micro-analysis and laser microprobe mass analysis of material, leached from a limestone cathedral”. Leysen LA, De Waele JK, Roekens EJ, Van Grieken RE, Scanning microscopy 1, 1617 (1987)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Characterization of the spheroliths present in primary atypical bandkeratopathy using laser microprobe mass analysis”. Vandeputte DF, Van Grieken RE, Foets BJJ, Misotten L, Biomedical and environmental mass spectrometry 18, 753 (1989). http://doi.org/10.1002/BMS.1200180918
Abstract: Laser microprobe mass analysis was applied to study the chemical composition of spheroliths in the Bowman's membrane of patients suffering from primary atypical bandkeratopathy. The inclusions appear to consist mainly of calcium phosphate.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/BMS.1200180918
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“Ultrastructural localization of aluminium in liver of aluminium maltol-treated rabbits by laser microprobe mass analysis”. Vandeputte D, Van Grieken RE, Jacob WA, Savory J, Bertholf RL, Wills MR, Biomedical and environmental mass spectrometry 18, 598 (1989). http://doi.org/10.1002/BMS.1200180815
Abstract: By means of laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA), we have studied the ultrastructural localization of aluminium in livers of aluminium maltol-treated rabbits. This animal model was developed to study long-term aluminium toxicity using systemic (intravenous) administration of aluminium. We could only detect aluminium in electron-dense inclusion bodies found in large, sometimes multinucleated cells. These results prove that the actual observation of aluminium deposits in liver with LAMMA gives more information than bulk analysis and can be very useful to explore mechanisms of toxicity.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/BMS.1200180815
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“Applications of laser microprobe mass analysis in medicine”. Verbueken AH, van de Vijver FL, de Broe ME, Van Grieken RE, CRC critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences 24, 263 (1987)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
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“Comparison of grazing-exit particle-induced X-ray emission with other related methods”. Tsuji K, Huisman M, Spolnik Z, Wagatsuma K, Mori Y, Van Grieken RE, Vis RD, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 55, 1009 (2000). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(00)00148-8
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(00)00148-8
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“Enhancement of electron-induced X-ray intensity for single particles under grazing-exit conditions”. Tsuji K, Spolnik Z, Wagatsuma K, Zhang J, Van Grieken RE, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 54, 1243 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(99)00073-7
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(99)00073-7
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“Enhancement of X-ray fluorescence intensity from an ultra-thin sandwiched layer at grazing-emission angles”. Tsuji K, Takenaka H, Wagatsuma K, de Bokx PK, Van Grieken RE, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 54, 1881 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(99)00143-3
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(99)00143-3
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“Molecular ion distributions in laser microprobe mass-spectrometry of calcium-oxide and calcium salts”. Bruynseels FJ, Van Grieken RE, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 38, 853 (1983). http://doi.org/10.1016/0584-8547(83)80184-0
Abstract: Laser Microprobe Mass Spectrometry (LAMMA) is used to examine micrometric particles of calcium oxyanion salts (CaCO3, CaSO4, CaSO4·2H2O) and calcium oxide, in both the positive and negative ion mode. The major molecular ions, appearing in the positive mass spectrum, can be divided into three series, namely CamOm-1+, (CaO)m+ and (CaO)mH+ (m = 1-4). In the case of the former two series the relative intensities of the mass peaks as a function of the fragment valence K = (1 + 2n)/m, for CamOn+, can be fitted to a Gaussian distribution curve, as was earlier demonstrated for secondary ion mass spectrometry. The high stability of the (CaO)mH+ series can be explained by the favourable fragment valence of +2 corresponding to the usual oxidation state of calcium.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0584-8547(83)80184-0
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“Quantification in grazing-emission X-ray fluorescence spectrometry”. Spolnik ZM, Claes M, Van Grieken RE, de Bokx PK, Urbach HP, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 54, 1525 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(99)00051-8
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(99)00051-8
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“Analysis of X-ray spectra excited by X rays, electrons, and protons in monazite”. Annegarn HJ, Madiba CCP, Sellschop JPF, Genz H, Hoffmann DHH, Low W, Richter A, Van Grieken RE, Physical review : C : nuclear physics 16, 379 (1977). http://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVC.16.379
Abstract: Mineral monazite from Malaysia has been investigated by energy dispersive x-ray analysis employing three different methods: x-ray, relativistic electron and proton induced excitation. An upper limit of 15 ppm has been placed on the possible concentration of the superheavy element with Z=126.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVC.16.379
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“Atmospheric particulate element concentrations and deposition rates in French Polynesia”. Rojas CM, Injuk J, Van Grieken RE, Maenhaut W, Journal de recherche océanographique 25, 74 (2000)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Trace metal analysis of water containing humic substances by X-ray fluorescence”. Vanderborght BM, Van Grieken RE, International journal of environmental analytical chemistry 5, 221 (1978). http://doi.org/10.1080/03067317808071147
Abstract: Chelation by oxine followed by adsorption on activated carbon results in the efficient collection of many trace metal ions, independent of the trace metal concentration and of high alkali and alkaline earth ion abundances. Preconcentration factors around 10000 are often achieved. When this preconcentration procedure is combined with energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, accurate and precise analysis can be carried out, as was proven in several experiments. The technique can also be applied for the determination of divalent ions in natural waters containing up to 10 ppm of humic substances. Trivalent ions can quantitatively be collected from natural water provided suKicient activated carbon is added. Omitting the oxine chelation prior to the activated carbon adsorption step still results in collection of a sometimes important fraction of the trace metal ions from natural waters. This is related to organically bound or colloidal forms of the trace metals.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1080/03067317808071147
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“Laser microprobe mass analysis : a review of applications in the life sciences”. Verbueken AH, Bruynseels FJ, Van Grieken RE, Biomedical mass spectrometry 12, 438 (1985). http://doi.org/10.1002/BMS.1200120903
Abstract: The characteristics and analytical utility of laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) are described and evaluated, and a short history of this recent microanalytical technique is presented. A review of the areas of application of LAMMA and related laser microprobes is presented with special emphasis on applications in the life sciences.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/BMS.1200120903
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“Laser microprobe mass spectrometry of platinum in dog kidney after cisplatin adminstration”. Verbueken AH, Van Grieken RE, Paulus GJ, Verpooten GA, de Broe ME, Biomedical mass spectrometry 11, 159 (1984). http://doi.org/10.1002/BMS.1200110404
Abstract: By means of laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) platinum was detected in the renal proximal tubular cells of a dog that had been intravenously adminstered the antitumor drug cisplatin (5 mg per kg body weight). No definite subcellular localization of the heavy metal was obtained. Sample prparation and analytical features are examined to increase spatial resolution of analysis while maintaining sufficient detection efficiency. The LAMMA method is destructive, but the amount and type of evaporated material can readily be determined when using LAMMA in combination with transmission electron microscopy. Instrumental optimization and standardization of mass signals is possible by using platinum-loaded, ion chelating resin beads embedded and sectioned with the tissue.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
DOI: 10.1002/BMS.1200110404
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“Geochemistry of suspended matter from the baltic sea : 1 : results of individual particle characterization by automated electron microprobe”. Bernard PC, Van Grieken RE, Brügmann L, Marine chemistry 26, 155 (1989). http://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(89)90058-3
Abstract: Automated electron probe X-ray microanalysis was used to characterize some 15 000 individual suspension particles from 50 samples of suspended matter collected from different depths at 18 stations throughout the Baltic Sea and the transient area to the North Sea. For each particle, 14 minor and major elements were determined and size information data were obtained. To process this huge amount of results, multivariate analysis techniques were invoked: the particles were classified into specific types and the abundance variations of these groups were studied. It appeared that 80% of all investigated particles contained mostly silicon, and seemed to consist of quartz, and K-rich and Fe-rich aluminosilicates. The abundance of BaSO4 particles averaged 5% throughout the Baltic Sea, but amounted to up to 44% at some stations. The abundance of the Fe-rich particles varied significantly with location and depth, and averaged ∼ 4%. They were often found to be associated with significant amounts of P. Both of these particle types and the Mn-rich particles are thought to be mainly authigenic. Calcium carbonate particles are more abundant towards the North Sea (which seems to act as a source). Principal component analysis of the data revealed that most of the compositional variability can be explained by differences between deep and surface waters and by the influences of inflowing North Sea waters. Additional information about the types and sources of the suspended matter in the Baltic Sea was gained from the comparison and correlation of the single particle results with different fractions of the bulk concentrations of elements such as Al, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn and Ba.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0304-4203(89)90058-3
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“Kinetics of iron(II) oxidation in seawater of various pH”. Roekens EJ, Van Grieken RE, Marine chemistry 13, 195 (1983). http://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(83)90014-2
Abstract: The rate of iron(II) oxidation in North Sea water of pH 5.510 in the range 1025°C has been studied. The oxygenation rate depends linearly on the iron(II) and dissolved oxygen concentrations. The second-order dependence on [OH−], found by several investigators for synthetic solutions, was confirmed in seawater, but only for pOH > 6.9. For pOH < 5.9 the rate appeared to be independent of the pOH. In the intermediate range, pOH 5.96.9, corresponding to the natural pH of seawater, a first-order dependence on the pOH is obeyed. The important discrepancy in the literature between the second-order rate constant for NaCHO3 solutions and for seawater can be attributed predominantly to the incorrect assumption of a second-order pOH dependence in natural seawater. The results can be useful, for example, in predicting the effect of dumping acidic iron waste from the titanium-dioxide industry into the ocean.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0304-4203(83)90014-2
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“Kinetics of iron(II) oxidation in seawater of various pH : reply”. Roekens EJ, Van Grieken RE, Marine chemistry 15, 281 (1984). http://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(84)90025-2
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0304-4203(84)90025-2
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“Localization of aluminum in tissues”. Verbueken AH, van de Vijver FL, Nouwen EJ, Van Grieken RE, de Broe ME, Contributions to nephrology 64, 124 (1988)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
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“Doped albumin : stndardization possibilities for LAMMA-analysis of thin freeze-dried cryosections of biological tissue”. Verbueken AH, Jacob WA, Frederik PM, Busing WM, Hersten RC, Van Grieken RE, Journal de physique 45, 561 (1984)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Elemental x-ray images obtained by grazing-exit electron probe microanalysis (GE-EPMA)”. Tsuji K, Nullens R, Wagatsuma K, Van Grieken RE, Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry 14, 1711 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1039/A905301H
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1039/A905301H
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“Optimization of secondary cathode thickness for direct current glow discharge mass spectrometric analysis of glass”. Schelles W, de Gendt S, Van Grieken RE, Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry 11, 937 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1039/JA9961100937
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1039/JA9961100937
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