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Author Gijbels, R.; Bogaerts, A. openurl 
  Title Modeling of glow discharge ion sources for mass spectrometry: potentials and limitations Type A3 Journal article
  Year 1997 Publication Spectroscopy Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 8-14  
  Keywords A3 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 0000-00-00  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:19600 Serial 2123  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R. openurl 
  Title Modeling of glow discharges: what can we learn from it? Type A3 Journal article
  Year 1997 Publication Analytical chemistry A-pages Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 69 Issue Pages 719-727  
  Keywords A3 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 0000-00-00  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:19611 Serial 2126  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Bogaerts, A.; Kolev, I. openurl 
  Title Modeling of magnetron and glow discharges Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2002 Publication Le vide: science, technique et applications Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 57 Issue 304 Pages 296-307  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 0000-00-00  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:40185 Serial 2128  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R. openurl 
  Title Modeling of radio-frequency and direct current glow discharges in argon Type A3 Journal article
  Year 2000 Publication Journal of technical physics Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 183-202  
  Keywords A3 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 0000-00-00  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:28316 Serial 2131  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Bogaerts, A.; Kolev, I.; Buyle, G. isbn  openurl
  Title Modeling of the magnetron discharge Type H1 Book chapter
  Year 2008 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 61-130  
  Keywords H1 Book chapter; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Springer Place of Publication Berlin Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 0000-00-00  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) ISBN 978-3-540-76664-3 Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:82176 Serial 2133  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Madani, M.; Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R.; Vangeneugden, D. openurl 
  Title Modelling of a dielectric barrier glow discharge at atmospheric pressure in nitrogen Type P3 Proceeding
  Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 130-133  
  Keywords P3 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication S.l. Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 0000-00-00  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:82299 Serial 2150  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R. openurl 
  Title Modelling of a direct current glow discharge: combined models for the electrons, argon ions and metastables Type P3 Proceeding
  Year 1995 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 292-295  
  Keywords P3 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Société française du vide Place of Publication S.l. Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 0000-00-00  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY 11/104 Q1 # PHYSICS, MATHEMATICAL 1/53 Q1 #  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:82295 Serial 2151  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author de Bleecker, K.; Bogaerts, A.; Goedheer, W.J.; Gijbels, R. openurl 
  Title Modelling of formation and transport of nanoparticles in silane discharges Type P3 Proceeding
  Year 2004 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 0-1.10  
  Keywords P3 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Eca Place of Publication S.l. Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 0000-00-00  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:82307 Serial 2152  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Berezhnoi, S.; Kaganovich, I.; Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R. openurl 
  Title Modelling of radio frequency capacitively coupled plasma at intermediate pressures Type H3 Book chapter
  Year 1999 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 525-526  
  Keywords H3 Book chapter; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Kluwer Academic Place of Publication Dordrecht Editor  
  Language Wos 000081413700048 Publication Date 0000-00-00  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record;  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:24925 Serial 2154  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author de Keyser, A.; Bogaerts, R.; van Bockstal, L.; Herlach, F.; Karavolas, V.C.; Peeters, F.M.; van de Graaf, W.; Borghs, G. openurl 
  Title Modification of the 2D electronic properties in Si-δ-doped InSb due to surface effects Type P3 Proceeding
  Year 1997 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 383-386  
  Keywords P3 Proceeding; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher World Scientific Place of Publication Singapore Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 0000-00-00  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:19303 Serial 2158  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author de Bleecker, K.; Bogaerts, A.; Goedheer, W.J. openurl 
  Title Nanoparticle growth and transport mechanisms in capacitively coupled silane discharges: a numerical investigation Type P1 Proceeding
  Year 2005 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 201-204  
  Keywords P1 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication Melville, N.Y. Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 0000-00-00  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record;  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:56576 Serial 2260  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R. openurl 
  Title Numerical modelling of analytical glow discharges Type H3 Book chapter
  Year 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 155-205  
  Keywords H3 Book chapter; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Wiley Place of Publication Chichester Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 0000-00-00  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:40195 Serial 2400  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Petrovic, D.; Martens, T.; De Bie, C.; van Dijk, J.; Brok, W.J.M.; Bogaerts, A. openurl 
  Title Numerical study on energy efficiency of a cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge plasma-chemical reactor Type P1 Proceeding
  Year 2009 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 109  
  Keywords P1 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication S.l. Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 0000-00-00  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record;  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:85694 Serial 2412  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Madani, M.; Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R.; Vangeneugden, D. openurl 
  Title Parametric study by means of numerical modelling for a dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure in nitrogen Type P3 Proceeding
  Year 2004 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 49-52  
  Keywords P3 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication S.l. Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 0000-00-00  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:82304 Serial 2554  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R. openurl 
  Title Plasma models Type H3 Book chapter
  Year 1997 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 176-191  
  Keywords H3 Book chapter; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Wiley Place of Publication New York Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 0000-00-00  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:19610 Serial 2638  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Bogaerts, R.; de Keyser, A.; Herlach, F.; Peeters, F.M.; DeRosa, F.; Palmstrøm, C.J.; Brehmer, D.; Allen, S.J. openurl 
  Title Quantum oscillations in the Hall effect of thin Sc1-xErxAs epitaxial layers burried in GaAs Type P3 Proceeding
  Year 1995 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 596-599  
  Keywords P3 Proceeding; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher World Scientific Place of Publication Singapore Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 0000-00-00  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:12208 Serial 2782  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Gijbels, R.; Bogaerts, A. openurl 
  Title Recent trends in solids mass spectrometry, with special emphasis on glow discharge mass spectrometry Type P3 Proceeding
  Year 1996 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 71-86  
  Keywords P3 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Perfect Prints Place of Publication Thane Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 0000-00-00  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:16244 Serial 2842  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Baguer, N.; Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R. openurl 
  Title A self-consistent mathematical model of a hollow cathode glow discharge Type P1 Proceeding
  Year 1999 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 157-158  
  Keywords P1 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Polish Academyn of Sciences, Space Research Centre Place of Publication Warsaw Editor  
  Language Wos 000165992500079 Publication Date 0000-00-00  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record;  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:103981 Serial 2972  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Herrebout, D.; Bogaerts, A.; Goedheer, W.; Dekempeneer, E.; Gijbels, R. openurl 
  Title Simulation of plasma processes in plasma assisted CVD reactors Type P1 Proceeding
  Year 1999 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 213-214  
  Keywords P1 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000165992500107 Publication Date 0000-00-00  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record;  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:104309 Serial 3013  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Bogaerts, A.; Berthelot, A.; Heijkers, S.; Kozák, T. pdf  isbn
openurl 
  Title Computer modeling of a microwave discharge used for CO2 splitting Type P2 Proceeding
  Year 2015 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 41-50  
  Keywords P2 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher UCO Press Place of Publication Cordoba Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) ISBN 978-84-9927-187-3 Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:135096 Serial 4154  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Berthelot, A.; Kolev, S.; Bogaerts, A. pdf  isbn
openurl 
  Title Different pressure regimes of a surface-wave discharge in argon : a modelling investigation Type P2 Proceeding
  Year 2015 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 57-62  
  Keywords P2 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher UCO Press Place of Publication Cordoba Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) ISBN 978-84-9927-187-3 Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:135094 Serial 4160  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Grünewald, L.; Chezganov, D.; De Meyer, R.; Orekhov, A.; Van Aert, S.; Bogaerts, A.; Bals, S.; Verbeeck, J. doi  openurl
  Title Supplementary Information for “In-situ Plasma Studies using a Direct Current Microplasma in a Scanning Electron Microscope” Type Dataset
  Year 2023 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Dataset; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Supplementary information for the article “In-situ Plasma Studies using a Direct Current Microplasma in a Scanning Electron Microscope” containing the videos of in-situ SEM imaging (mp4 files), raw data/images, and Jupyter notebooks (ipynb files) for data treatment and plots. Link to the preprint: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2308.15123 Explanation of the data files can be found in the Information.pdf file. The Videos folder contains the in-situ SEM image series mentioned in the paper. If there are any questions/bugs, feel free to contact me at lukas.grunewaldatuantwerpen.be  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access Not_Open_Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:203389 Serial 9100  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author De Luca, F.; Abate, S.; Bogaerts, A.; Centi, G. url  openurl
  Title Electrified CO2 conversion : integrating experimental, computational, and process simulation methods for sustainable chemical synthesis Type Doctoral thesis
  Year 2024 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages xv, 152 p.  
  Keywords Doctoral thesis; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Nowadays, the burning of fossil fuels, particularly petroleum, natural gas, and coal, meets the rising need for power and fuels for automobiles and industries. This has given rise to ecological and climate challenges. This thesis explores these issues from three distinct perspectives: (i) experimental, (ii) computational, and (iii) process simulation, with a focus on studying CO2 as an alternative and economically viable raw material. Firstly, the experimental study is focused on the synthesis, characterization, and testing of novel catalysts for electroreduction of CO2 and oxalic acid, an intermediate product of CO2. Electrocatalysts based on Cu supported by citrus (orange and lemon) peel biomass are prepared. These catalysts exhibit activity in the electrochemical reduction of CO2, emphasizing the effectiveness of biomasses, particularly orange peels, as environmentally friendly precursors for sustainable and efficient electrocatalysts. In addition, graphitic carbon nitrides/TiO2 nanotubes (g-C3N4/TiNT) composites are prepared for the electrocatalytic reduction of oxalic acid to glycolic acid, revealing superior electrocatalytic properties compared to pristine TiNT. Characterization by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electronic microscopy were performed for all the prepared electrocatalysts. Delving into the reduction of CO2 on Cu catalysts, a computational study about the synthesis of methanol on Cu(111) surface is performed by using the Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package. A systematic study is carried out to define the activation energies of the elementary reactions by using mGGA DF. Consequently, it is shown that the rate-controlling step is CH3O* hydrogenation and the formate pathway on Cu(111) proceeds through the HCOOH* intermediate. Finally, the process simulation, performed by using the software Aspen Plus 11 from AspenTech Inc., is based on the comparison of a catalytic (oxidation of ethylene glycol) and an electrocatalytic process (CO2 electroreduction chain) to synthesize glycolic acid. An economic analysis of the operational and investment costs reveals that the catalytic process is more cost-effective due to the current instability of electrocatalysts and proton exchange membranes, resulting in increased maintenance costs and, consequently, higher prices for the product.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:205262 Serial 9147  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Tsonev, I.; Ahmadi Eshtehardi, H.; Delplancke, M.-P.; Bogaerts, A. doi  openurl
  Title Importance of geometric effects in scaling up energy-efficient plasma-based nitrogen fixation Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2024 Publication Sustainable energy & fuels Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-19  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Despite the recent promising potential of plasma-based nitrogen fixation, the technology faces significant challenges in efficient upscaling. To tackle this challenge, we investigate two reactors, i.e., a small one, operating in a flow rate range of 5-20 ln min-1 and current range of 200-500 mA, and a larger one, operating at higher flow rate (100-300 ln min-1) and current (400-1000 mA). Both reactors operate in a pin-to-pin configuration and are powered by direct current (DC) from the same power supply unit, to allow easy comparison and evaluate the effect of upscaling. In the small reactor, we achieve the lowest energy cost (EC) of 2.8 MJ mol-1, for a NOx concentration of 1.72%, at a flow rate of 20 ln min-1, yielding a production rate (PR) of 33 g h-1. These values are obtained in air; in oxygen-enriched air, the results are typically better, at the cost of producing oxygen-enriched air. In the large reactor, the higher flow rates reduce the NOx concentration due to lower SEI, while maintaining a similar EC. This stresses the important effect of the geometrical configuration of the arc, which is typically concentrated in the center of the reactor, resulting in limited coverage of the reacting gas flow, and this is identified as the limiting factor for upscaling. However, our experiments reveal that by changing the reactor configuration, and thus the plasma geometry and power deposition mechanisms, the amount of gas treated by the plasma can be enhanced, leading to successful upscaling. To obtain more insights in our experiments, we performed thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. First of all, they show that our measured lowest EC closely aligns with the calculated minimum thermodynamic equilibrium at atmospheric pressure. In addition, they reveal that the limited NOx production in the large reactor results from the contracted nature of the plasma. To solve this limitation, we let the large reactor operate in so-called torch configuration. Indeed, the latter enhances the NOx concentrations compared to the pin-to-pin configuration, yielding a PR of 80 g h-1 at an EC of 2.9 MJ mol-1 and NOx concentration of 0.31%. This illustrates the importance of reactor design in upscaling. With the focus on feasibility evaluation of scaling-up plasma-based nitrogen fixation by combined experiments and thermodynamic modelling, we aim to tackle the challenge of design and development of an energy-efficient and scaled-up plasma reactor.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 001203657700001 Publication Date 2024-04-11  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:205435 Serial 9155  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Long, Y.; Wang, X.; Zhang, H.; Wang, K.; Ong, W.-L.; Bogaerts, A.; Li, K.; Lu, C.; Li, X.; Yan, J.; Tu, X.; Zhang, H. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Plasma chemical looping : unlocking high-efficiency CO₂ conversion to clean CO at mild temperatures Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2024 Publication JACS Au Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract We propose a plasma chemical looping CO2 splitting (PCLCS) approach that enables highly efficient CO2 conversion into O-2-free CO at mild temperatures. PCLCS achieves an impressive 84% CO2 conversion and a 1.3 mmol g(-1) CO yield, with no O-2 detected. Crucially, this strategy significantly lowers the temperature required for conventional chemical looping processes from 650 to 1000 degrees C to only 320 degrees C, demonstrating a robust synergy between plasma and the Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 oxygen carrier (OC). Systematic experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations unveil the pivotal role of plasma in activating and partially decomposing CO2, yielding a mixture of CO, O-2/O, and electronically/vibrationally excited CO2*. Notably, these excited CO2* species then efficiently decompose over the oxygen vacancies of the OCs, with a substantially reduced activation barrier (0.86 eV) compared to ground-state CO2 (1.63 eV), contributing to the synergy. This work offers a promising and energy-efficient pathway for producing O-2-free CO from inert CO2 through the tailored interplay of plasma and OCs.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 001225139200001 Publication Date 2024-05-08  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:205970 Serial 9166  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author O'Modhrain, C.; Trenchev, G.; Gorbanev, Y.; Bogaerts, A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Upscaling plasma-based CO₂ conversion : case study of a multi-reactor gliding arc plasmatron Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2024 Publication ACS Engineering Au Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Atmospheric pressure plasmas have shifted in recent years from being a burgeoning research field in the academic setting to an actively investigated technology in the chemical, oil, and environmental industries. This is largely driven by the climate change mitigation efforts, as well as the evident pathways of value creation by converting greenhouse gases (such as CO2) into useful chemical feedstock. Currently, most high technology readiness level (TRL) plasma-based technologies are based on volumetric and power-based scaling of thermal plasma systems, which results in large capital investment and regular maintenance costs. This work investigates bringing a quasi-thermal (so-called “warm”) plasma setup, namely, a gliding arc plasmatron, from a lab-scale to a pilot-scale capacity with an increase in throughput capacity by a factor of 10. The method of scaling is the parallelization of plasmatron reactors within a single housing, with the aim of maintaining a warm plasma regime while simultaneously improving build cost and efficiency (compared to separate reactors operating in parallel). Special attention is also given to the safety and control features implemented in the setup, a key component required for integration into industrial systems. The performance of the multi-reactor gliding arc plasmatron (MRGAP) reactor is investigated, focusing on the influence of flow rate and the number of active reactors. The location of active reactors was deemed to have a negligible effect on the monitored metrics of conversion, energy efficiency, and energy cost. The optimum operating conditions were found to be with the most active reactors (five) at the highest investigated flow rate (80 L/min). Analysis of results suggests that an optimum conversion (9%) and plug power-based energy efficiency (19%) can be maintained at a specific energy input (SEI) around 5.3 kJ/L (or 1 eV/molecule). The concept of parallelization of plasmatron reactors within a singular housing was demonstrated to be a viable method for scaling up from a lab-scale to a prototype-scale device, with performance analysis suggesting that increasing the power (through adding more reactor channels) and total flow rate, while maintaining an SEI around 5.3 or 4.2 kJ/L, i.e., 1.3 or 1 eV/molecule (based on plug power and plasma-deposited power, respectively), can result in increased conversion rate without sacrificing absolute conversion or energy efficiency.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 001166625200001 Publication Date 2024-02-14  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:204749 Serial 9182  
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