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“Associations between PM2.5 and heart rate variability are modified by particle composition and beta-blocker use in patients with coronary heart disease”. de Hartog JJ, Lanki T, Timonen KL, Hoek G, Janssen NAH, Ibald-Mulli A, Peters A, Heinrich J, Tarkainen TH, Van Grieken R, van Wijnen JH, Brunekreef B, Pekkanen J, Environmental health perspectives 117, 105 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1289/EHP.11062
Abstract: Background: It has been hypothesized that ambient particulate air pollution is able to modify the autonomic nervous control of the heart, measured as heart rate variability (HRV) . Previously we reported heterogeneous associations between particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and HRV across three study centers. Objective: We evaluated whether exposure misclassification, effect modification by medication, or differences in particle composition could explain the inconsistencies. Methods: Subjects with coronary heart disease visited clinics biweekly in Amsterdam, the Netherlands ; Erfurt, Germany ; and Helsinki, Finland for 68 months. The standard deviation (SD) of NN intervals on an electrocardiogram (ECG ; SDNN) and high frequency (HF) power of HRV was measured with ambulatory ECG during paced breathing. Outdoor levels of PM2.5 were measured at a central site. In Amsterdam and Helsinki, indoor and personal PM2.5 were measured during the 24 hr preceding the clinic visit. PM2.5 was apportioned between sources using principal component analyses. We analyzed associations of indoor/personal PM2.5, elements of PM2.5, and source-specific PM2.5 with HRV using linear regression. Results: Indoor and personal PM2.5 were not associated with HRV. Increased outdoor PM2.5 was associated with decreased SDNN and HF at lags of 2 and 3 days only among persons not using beta-blocker medication. Traffic-related PM2.5 was associated with decreased SDNN, and long-range transported PM2.5 with decreased SDNN and HF, most strongly among persons not using beta blockers. Indicators for PM2.5 from traffic and long-range transport were also associated with decreased HRV. Conclusions: Our results suggest that differences in the composition of particles, beta-blocker use, and obesity of study subjects may explain some inconsistencies among previous studies on HRV.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1289/EHP.11062
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“Behavior of semi-volatile particles under a laser and electron beam: influence on the quality of analytical results”. Worobiec A, Potgieter-Vermaak S, Darchuk L, Vishnyakov V, Potgieter H, Van Grieken R, AIP conference proceedings 1267, 523 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1063/1.3482653
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
DOI: 10.1063/1.3482653
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“Composition of aerosols from the shelter of the Chernobyl power plant”. Darchuk L, Worobiec A, Khan V, Krasnov V, Van Grieken R, AIP conference proceedings 1267, 512 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1063/1.3482646
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
DOI: 10.1063/1.3482646
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“Physico-chemical fate of chromium compounds in the lung sheep model”. Perrault G, Dufresne A, Strati G, McNeil M, Michaud D, Baril M, Bégin R, Labbé, J, Larivière P, Eeckhaoudt S, Van Grieken R, Journal of toxicology and environmental health 44, 247 (1995). http://doi.org/10.1080/15287399509531958
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1080/15287399509531958
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“Analise de solos por meio de fluorescencia de raios-X nao-dispersiva”. Costa Dantas C, Da Silveira Dantas H, Van 't dack L, Van Grieken R, Química nova 4, 110 (1981)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from bisphenol A in vinyl gloves”. Matthieu L, Godoi AFL, Lambert J, Van Grieken R, Contact dermatitis 49, 281 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1111/J.0105-1873.2003.0241.X
Abstract: Allergic contact dermatitis caused by polyvinyl chloride gloves is rarely reported, and in only 2 cases was bisphenol A considered to be the responsible sensitizer. We report a patient with occupational hand dermatitis after the use of a new type of high-density vinyl (HDV) gloves. Patch tests showed positive (++) reactions to both used and new HDV gloves and to bisphenol A. Chemical analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry demonstrated the presence of bisphenol A in the HDV gloves. Replacement by nitrile rubber gloves resulted in complete clearance of the hand dermatitis.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Translational Pathophysiological Research (TPR); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1111/J.0105-1873.2003.0241.X
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“Relative evaluation of neutron activation, X-ray fluorescence and spark source mass spectrometry for multi-element analysis of geothermal waters”. Blommaert W, Vandelannoote R, Van 't dack L, Gijbels R, van Grieken R, Journal of radioanalytical chemistry 57, 382 (1980)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Geometry errors in 14 MeV neutron activation analysis”. Van Grieken R, Speecke A, Hoste J, Journal of radioanalytical chemistry 13, 225 (1973). http://doi.org/10.1007/BF02514126
Abstract: The effects of inaccurate sample sizes and sample positioning on 14 MeV neutron activation analysis results are estimated for 30, 20 and 10 mm diameter targets. It appears that axial positioning is the most critical parameter and that using a larger tritium target will yield an overall improvement of the reproducibility.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/BF02514126
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“The half-life of 28Al”. Van Schandevijl R, Van Grieken R, Hoste J, Journal of radioanalytical chemistry 9, 55 (1971). http://doi.org/10.1007/BF02514012
Abstract: The half-life of28Al was redetermined on aluminium samples of different origin. Three different counting techniques were applied. The availability of highly purified samples (up to 99.9999%), the use of very fast electronic counting equipment and a complete automatisation allowed a good precision to be obtained in the final result of 2.2405 min.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/BF02514012
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“Simultaneous determination of silicon and phosphorus in cast iron by 14 MeV neutron activation analysis”. Van Grieken R, Speecke A, Hoste J, Journal of radioanalytical chemistry 6, 385 (1970). http://doi.org/10.1007/BF02513966
Abstract: A fast (10 min), non-destructive simultaneous determination of silicon and phosphorus in cast iron and steel by 14 MeV neutron activation was developed. The 1.78 MeV28Al activity (T=2.24 min) induced by the reaction28Si(n, p)28Al is counted on a NaI(Tl) detector. Two measurements are made to correct for the 1.81 MeV56Mn activity (T=2.58 hr) from the iron matrix. However,28Al is also produced via31P(n, α)28Al. By (n, 2n) reaction, phosphorus yields also30P (T=2.6 min), the 0.511 MeV annihilation radiation of which is counted by two opposite NaI(Tl) detectors in coincidence. Again, two successive coincidence measurements are carried out in order to take into account the53Fe activity (β+; T=8.9 min) from54Fe(n, 2n)53Fe. The28Al measurement is appropriately corrected via the computed phosphorus content. An oxygen flux monitor was used to normalize to the same flux. Nuclear interferences have been examined. Special attention has been paid to the presence of copper. The standard deviation for phosphorus being as high as ca. 0.09% P for a single determination, this technique can only be practical as an independent phosphorus analysis for high phosphorus cast irons. The precision on the28Al measurement is 5% relative for 0.2% Si and 2.5% above 1% Si.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/BF02513966
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“Spatial neutron flux distributions around A 14 MeV neutron generator”. Van Grieken R, Speecke A, Hoste J, Journal of radioanalytical chemistry 10, 95 (1972). http://doi.org/10.1007/BF02518771
Abstract: The neutron flux distribution in the vicinity of 30, 20 and 10 mm diameter targets is measured by irradiating concentric ring-type iron monitors at different distances from the target and counting the induced56Mn activity. Considering the many uncertainties, satisfactory agreement was found between theory and experiment.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/BF02518771
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“Effects of alkaline aluminate waste dumping on seawater chemistry”. Vandelannoote R, Van 't dack L, Van Grieken R, Marine environmental research 21, 275 (1987). http://doi.org/10.1016/0141-1136(87)90050-X
Abstract: The alkaline aluminate waste, of which 10002000 tonnes are dumped a few times a year off the Belgian coast in the Southern Bight of the North Sea, contains 5·4% NaCl, 1·8% dissolved Al and 7·4% NaOH, in addition to traces of heavy metals and some aniline- and phenol-derivatives. The pH rises locally to 8-5 and the total Al-concentration reaches 120niglitre−1(corresponding to an initial waste dilution factor of only 150) in the 10-m wide track just beyond the discharging barge, but these decay quickly to pH 8·1 and 1 mg litre-1 in the 30-m wide track, 500m behind the barge. The relation between the waste concentration and seawater pH was studied. The white precipitate that forms immediately in the sea was identified as Mg6Al2CO3(OH)164H20 (hydrotalcite-manasseite like). No trace of it was found in the local sediments.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0141-1136(87)90050-X
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“Elemental constituents of atmospheric aerosols in Recife, North-East Brazil”. Van Grieken R, Van 't dack L, Costa Dantas C, Moura de Amorim W, Maenhaut W, Environmental pollution: series B : chemical and physical 4, 143 (1982). http://doi.org/10.1016/0143-148X(82)90025-8
Abstract: Few data are available on the inorganic atmospheric pollution in the rapidly expanding cities of South America, like Recife, on the Atlantic Coast of North-east Brazil. Therefore, the elemental composition of atmospheric aerosols was investigated for nine sites in the Recife conurbation and a fairly remote site in the area. Total aerosol samples were collected on cellulose filters for analysis by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and cascade impactors were used to collect the aerosols as a function of particle size for subsequent analysis by proton-induced X-ray emission. Local soil aliquots were also analysed. About eighteen elements were quantified in all cases. The average total atmospheric concentrations appeared to be well above natural levels but usually lower than, or comparable with, those of North American and European cities. Dispersal of sea spray and of local soil (often contaminated with, for example, Cu, Zn and Pb from industrial sources) contributes predominantly to the total atmospheric load in Recife. However, the particle size fraction results also indicated strong excesses in the small particle mode for S, K, V, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br and Pb, mainly in the downtown area. Again, the corresponding enrichment factors were only moderate in comparison with other published urban data.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0143-148X(82)90025-8
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“Statistical grouping and controlling factors of dissolved trace elements in a surface water system”. Vandelannoote R, Blommaert W, Van 't dack L, Gijbels R, van Grieken R, Environmental technology letters 4, 363 (1983). http://doi.org/10.1080/09593338309384219
Abstract: Sensitive multi‐element analytical techniques were applied to determine 24 dissolved trace components in 25 different water samples from a 10 km2 zone in Brittany, France. Correspondence factor and multiple regression analyses showed that the elements considered are influenced mainly by the presence of: Fe‐Mn oxide accumulations, a local poly‐metallic sulfide mineralization, and non‐mineralized host rocks, agricultural activity and abundant organic material in local swamps. Via these numerical techniques the location of the poly‐metallic ore body can be derived from the data set.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.1080/09593338309384219
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“Aerosol characteristics and sources for the Amazon Basin during the wet season”. Artaxo P, Maenhaut W, Storms H, Van Grieken R, Journal of geophysical research 95, 16971 (1990). http://doi.org/10.1029/JD095ID10P16971
Abstract: As a part of the NASA Global Tropospheric Experiment (GTE), aerosols were sampled in the tropical rain forest of the Amazon Basin during the Amazon Boundary Layer Experiment (ABLE 2B) in April and May 1987, in the wet season, when no forest burning occurs. Fine (dp < 2.0 μm) and coarse (2.0 < dp < 15 μm) aerosol fractions were collected using stacked filter units, at three sites under the forest canopy and at three levels of a tower inside the jungle. Particle-induced X ray emission (PIXE) was used to measure concentrations of 22 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, and Pb). Morphological and trace element measurements of individual particles were carried out by automated electron probe X ray microanalysis. Gravimetric analysis was performed to obtain the fine and coarse aerosol mass concentration. Absolute factor analysis was used to interpret the large data set of the trace element concentrations and to obtain elemental source profiles. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to derive groups of individual particles. The concentrations of soil dust related elements (Al, Si, Ti, Fe, Mn) were 5 times larger in the wet season compared to the 1985 ABLE 2A dry season experiment. Biogenic aerosol related elements in the fine fraction showed lower concentrations in the wet season. Fine aerosol mass concentration averaged only 2.1±0.7 μg m−3, while the average coarse mass concentration was 6.1±1.8 μg m −3. Sulphur concentrations averaged 76±14 ng m −3 in the fine fraction and 37±9 ng m −3 in the coarse fraction. Biogenic aerosol-related elements were dominant under the forest canopy, while soil dust dominated at the top of the forest canopy. Only two factors explained about 90% of the data variability for the fine and coarse aerosol fractions. These were soil dust (represented mainly by Al, Si, Ti, Mn, and Fe) and biogenic aerosol (represented by K, P, Cl, S, Zn, and the aerosol mass concentration). Source profiles showed a homogeneous aerosol distribution with similar elemental compositions at the different sampling sites. Enrichment factor calculations revealed a soil dust elemental profile similar to the average bulk soil composition, and a biogenic component similar to the plant bulk elemental composition. Total aerosol mass source apportionment showed that biogenic particles account for 5595% of the airborne concentrations. The analysis of individual aerosol particles showed that the biogenic particles consist of leaf fragments, pollen grains, fungi, algae, and other types of particles. Several groups of particles with K, Cl, P, S, and Ca as minor elements could easily be identified as biogenic particles on the basis of their morphology. Considering the vast area of tropical rain forests and the concentrations measured in this work, it is possible that biogenic particles can play an important role in the global aerosol budget and in the global biogeochemical cycles of various elements.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1029/JD095ID10P16971
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“Characterization of the atmospheric aerosol over the eastern equatorial Pacific”. Maenhaut W, Raemdonck H, Selen A, Van Grieken R, Winchester JW, Journal of geophysical research 88, 5353 (1983). http://doi.org/10.1029/JC088IC09P05353
Abstract: By using a polyester sailboat as sampling platform, a series of duplicate aerosol samples was collected by cascade impactors on a trip from Panama to Tahiti in 1979. Elemental analysis mainly by particle-induced X ray emission (PIXE) indicated, in the samples collected between Panama and the Galapagos Islands, the presence of a substantial crustal component (∼0.4 μg/m3), fine Cu (∼0.4 ng/m3) and Zn (∼0.6 ng/m3), and excess fine S and K (∼100 and ∼2.4 ng/m3, respectively) in addition to the major sea salt elements. The crustal component and fine Cu and Zn are suggested to result from natural continental sources (i.e., eolian dust transport from the American continents and perhaps geothermal emissions). Samples collected west of the Galapagos Islands in the southern trades showed significantly lower concentrations for the nonseawater components. The average Si and Fe levels were as low as 4.8 and 3.3 ng/m3, corresponding to a maximum of 0.066 μg/m3 for an assumed mineral dust component, whereas heavy metal concentrations were all below the detection limits (typically ranging from 0.05 to 0.15 ng/m3 for V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Se). Excess fine S decreased to a mean of 46 ng/m3, a level similar to those reported for other remote marine and continental locations. This all indicates that the marine atmosphere west of the Galapagos was little influenced by natural continental source processes or by anthropogenic emissions. Under these truly marine conditions, several concentration ratios of the major seawater elements were significantly different from those in bulk seawater. Ca, Sr, and S in >1 μm diameter particles were enriched relative to K and Na, with the enrichment being substantially more pronounced (up to 50% or higher) for l4-μm diameter particles than for particles >4 μm. Comparison of these data with a similar data set from samples collected over the Atlantic indicates that the departures from seawater composition are significantly larger for the Pacific. Differences in sea-to-air fractionation processes, probably involving binding of divalent cations to organic matter in the oceanic surface microlayer, are suggested as being responsible for these observations.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1029/JC088IC09P05353
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“Composition and diurnal variability of the natural Amazonian aerosol”. Graham B, Guyon P, Maenhaut W, Taylor PE, Ebert M, Matthias-Maser S, Mayol-Bracero OL, Godoi RHM, Artaxo P, Meixner FX, Lima Moura MA, d'Almeida Rocha CHE, Van Grieken R, Glovsky MM, Flagan RC, Andreae MO, Journal of geophysical research 24, 5 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004049
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1029/2003JD004049
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“Composition and sources of aerosols from the Amazon basin”. Artaxo P, Storms H, Bruynseels F, Van Grieken R, Maenhaut W, Journal of geophysical research 93, 1605 (1988). http://doi.org/10.1029/JD093ID02P01605
Abstract: Aerosols were sampled in the Amazon Basin, as part of the Global Tropospheric Experiment (GTE), during the Amazon Boundary Layer Experiment (ABLE 2A) in JulyAugust 1985. Fine- and coarse-particle fractions were analyzed for 22 elements by particle-induced X ray emission. Gravimetric mass, black carbon, sulfate, and nitrate concentrations were also determined. Morphological and trace element measurements of individual particles were carried out by automated electron probe X ray microanalysis. Various receptor models, including multivariate methods and a chemical mass balance model, were employed in the interpretation of the bulk trace element concentrations. Three factors explained over 85% of the variability of fine- and coarse-mode variables. On the basis of the elemental composition of the factors, two could be identified as plant related, and the third was a soil dust component. Of the coarse-mode aerosol mass concentration (of 7.6±1.6 μg/m3), 62% could be attributed to aerosols released by the vegetation and 11% to soil dust. In the fine mode, soil dust accounted for less than 10% of the measured mass concentration (of 6.8±3.9 μg/m3). The variables related to the plant component were K, P, S, Ca, Mg, Cl, Rb, and the gravimetric mass. The elemental profile of the plant component resembled the bulk plant composition. By single-particle analysis coupled with hierarchical cluster analysis, six to nine different biogenic-related particle groups could be identified in the fine- and coarse-aerosol modes. Almost all particle types consisted predominantly of carbonaceous material, with trace amounts of K, S, Ca, P, Cl, and Na. Only one group, comprising less than 11% of the total number of particles, consisted of soil dustrelated aerosol.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1029/JD093ID02P01605
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“Elemental abundance variation with particle-size in north florida aerosols”. Johansson TB, Van Grieken RE, Winchester JW, Journal of geophysical research 81, 1039 (1976). http://doi.org/10.1029/JC081I006P01039
Abstract: A nonurban base line has been established for nine trace element constituents of aerosol particles as a function of particle size at ground level sampling stations in north Florida up to 50 km from the Gulf of Mexico. The particle size range 0.25- to >4-μm aerodynamic diameter was investigated by cascade impactor sampling and elemental analysis by proton-induced X ray emission. By using a strategy of sampling at urban, forest, and coastal locations and by choosing approximately 48-hour sample averaging intervals the potential dependence of the base line levels both on local pollution and natural sources and on local particle size specific aerosol removal processes could be evaluated. It is found that elements contained in the largest particles, especially those of >4 μm, display the greatest degree of average concentration difference between sites, a result suggesting short atmospheric residence times and the importance of local dispersion sources and atmospheric cleansing processes in regulating the particle concentrations in air. Elements contained in particles of <2-μm diameter show little average concentration difference between sites unless they are influenced by local pollution sources, a finding suggesting that their concentrations in air are regulated by large-scale sources and transport processes. Sulfur in the smallest particles shows a marked constancy of concentration, but it may be modified in the largest particle size ranges in relation to proximity to the seacoast. No evidence is found for dependence of particulate sulfur concentrations on local pollution sources. K, Ca, Ti, Fe, and Zn appear to be regulated in the main by terrestrial source processes, and Cl by marine source processes, but Br and Pb appear to be accounted for adequately by assuming automotive fuel combustion as their major source. Limited data obtained for V indicate that it may vary considerably with fluctuations in aerosol transport from oil-fired electric power plant sources in the region. Limited additional data also suggest that Mn is derived from sources of natural terrestrial composition. In view of these findings, certain criteria may be set for the design of a meaningful nonurban aerosol monitoring network.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1029/JC081I006P01039
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“Comparative overview of indoor air quality in Antwerp, Belgium”. Stranger M, Potgieter-Vermaak SS, Van Grieken R, Environment international 33, 789 (2007). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVINT.2007.02.014
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2007.02.014
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“Organohalogenated pollutants in human serum from Iassy, Romania and their relation with age and gender”. Dirtu AC, Cernat R, Dragan D, Mocanu R, Van Grieken R, Neels H, Covaci A, Environment international 32, 797 (2006). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVINT.2006.04.002
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Toxicological Centre; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2006.04.002
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“Determination of selenium in blood components by X-ray emission spectrometry”. Robberecht H, Deelstra H, Van Grieken R, Biological trace element research 25, 149 (1990). http://doi.org/10.1007/BF02990412
Abstract: Sampling, storing, sample pretreatment, and experimental conditions for selenium (Se) determination in human serum, plasma, and whole blood by X-ray emission spectrometric (XRS) methods are described. Concentration levels in these biological fluids, found by this technique, are discussed and compared to values found by other techniques for the same healthy population group in the same area. XRS analysis of blood from patients with various pathological conditions is reviewed, with special attention to the relation of Se with the concentration level of other essential or nonessential trace elements.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/BF02990412
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“Localization of lead and fluoride in cultured tooth germs by laser microprobe mass analysis”. Vandeputte DF, Ameloot PC, Cleymaet R, Coomans D, Van Grieken RE, Biological trace element research 23, 133 (1990). http://doi.org/10.1007/BF02917184
Abstract: Trace elements can influence dental health, possibly by altering tooth resistance during preeruptive development. Therefore, it was investigated whether lead and fluoride would be incorporated into the calcifying matrices or the cellular parts of tooth germs in vitro. Using laser microprobe mass analysis, the localization of lead and fluoride was studied in the different layers or tooth germs that had been cultured in a medium to which PbCl2 of NaF had been added in different concentrations. Both elements could only be detected in the dentine layer. Hence, the enamel organ in the secretory stage of tooth development excludes lead and fluoride from the enamel, even when enamel formation by the ameloblasts is visibly disturbed. Furthermore, there seemed to be a process of saturation in the accumulation of lead and fluoride in the dentine.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/BF02917184
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“Use of laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) for localizing multiple elements in soft and hard tissues”. Verbueken AH, van de Vijver FL, Visser WJ, Roels F, Van Grieken R, de Broe ME, Biological trace element research 13, 397 (1987). http://doi.org/10.1007/BF02796651
Abstract: The potential of laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) as a sensitive microanalytical technique was explored in applications relevant to nephrology. Aluminum and associated elements, such as iron, were localized in fresh tissue biopsies obtained from uremic patients treatment by chronic hemodialysis. The LAMMA was applied to serum, liver, bone, and parathyroid glands of such patients. In addition, we used LAMMA to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of routine histochemistry, in particular on human bone sections stained by the aluminon method. The high, multielemental sensitivity and molecular microprobe potential of LAMMA established important advantages over other microchemical methods forin situ analysis at the micron level in histological sections.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
DOI: 10.1007/BF02796651
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“Present and future applications of beam techniques in environmental microanalysis”. Jambers W, Van Grieken R, Trends in analytical chemistry 15, 114 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1016/0165-9936(95)00098-4
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0165-9936(95)00098-4
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“Atmospheric concentrations and deposition of heavy metals over the North Sea: a literature review”. Injuk J, Van Grieken R, Journal of atmospheric chemistry 20, 179 (1995). http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00696557
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/BF00696557
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“Characterisation of soot emitted by domestic heating, aircraft and cars using diesel or biodiesel”. Smekens A, Godoi RHM, Berghmans P, Van Grieken R, Journal of atmospheric chemistry 52, 45 (2005). http://doi.org/10.1007/S10874-005-6903-7
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/S10874-005-6903-7
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“Characterization of individual soot aggregates from different sources using image analysis”. Smekens A, Godoi RHM, Vervoort M, van Espen P, Potgieter-Vermaak SS, Van Grieken R, Journal of atmospheric chemistry 56, 211 (2007). http://doi.org/10.1007/S10874-006-9050-X
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
DOI: 10.1007/S10874-006-9050-X
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“Chemical characterization and multivariate analysis of atmospheric PM2.5 particles”. Ravindra K, Stranger M, Van Grieken R, Journal of atmospheric chemistry 59, 199 (2008). http://doi.org/10.1007/S10874-008-9102-5
Abstract: The new European Council Directive (PE-CONS 3696/07) frames the inhalable (PM10) and fine particles (PM2.5) on priority to chemically characterize these fractions in order to understand their possible relation with health effects. Considering this, PM2.5 was collected during four different seasons to evaluate the relative abundance of bulk elements (Cl, S, Si, Al, Br, Cu, Fe, Ti, Ca, K, Pb, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cr and V) and water soluble ions (F−, Cl−, NO2 −, NO3 −, SO4 2−, Na+, NH4 +, Ca2+ and Mg2+) over Menen, a Belgian city near the French border. The air quality over Menen is influenced by industrialized regions on both sides of the border. The most abundant ionic species were NO3 −, SO4 2− and NH4 +, and they showed distinct seasonal variation. The elevated levels of NO3 − during spring and summer were found to be related to the larger availability of the NOx precursor. The various elemental species analyzed were distinguished into crustal and anthropogenic source categories. The dominating elements were S and Cl in the PM2.5 particles. The anthropogenic fraction (e.g. Zn, Pb, and Cu) shows a more scattered abundance. Furthermore, the ions and elemental data were also processed using principal component analysis and cluster analysis to identify their sources and chemistry. These approach identifies anthropogenic (traffic and industrial) emissions as a major source for fine particles. The variations in the natural/anthropogenic fractions of PM2.5 were also found to be a function of meteorological conditions as well as of long-range transport of air masses from the industrialized regions of the continent.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/S10874-008-9102-5
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“Elemental and single particle aerosol characterisation at a background station in Kazakhstan”. Hoornaert S, Godoi RHM, Van Grieken R, Journal of atmospheric chemistry 48, 301 (2004). http://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOCH.0000044432.74476.B0
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1023/B:JOCH.0000044432.74476.B0
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