“High energy X-ray microscopy for characterisation of fuel particles”. Salbu B, Krekling T, Lind OC, Oughton DH, Drakopoulos M, Simionovici AS, Snigireva I, Snigirev A, Weitkamp T, Adams F, Janssens K, Kashparov VA, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research : A: accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment 467, 1249 (2001). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00641-6
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 1.362
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00641-6
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“Prediction of the optical characteristics and analytical qualities of an X-ray fluorescence microprobe at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (Grenoble)”. van Langevelde F, Janssens KH, Adams FC, Vis RD, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research : A: accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment 317, 383 (1992). http://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(92)90632-E
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0168-9002(92)90632-E
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“A new method to compensate for counting losses due to system dead time”. Karabidak SM, Čevik U, Kaya S, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research : A: accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment 603, 361 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.NIMA.2009.02.005
Abstract: Determination of count losses and pile-up pulse effects in quantitative and qualitative analysis became a vital step in various analyses. Therefore, compensating for counting losses is of importance. These counting losses are due to the pulse pile-up, paralyzable and non-paralyzable system dead time or a combination of these mechanisms. In this work, a new method is suggested for the correction of dead time losses resulting from the above mechanisms. For this purpose, a source code was developed. It was found that the peaking time was an important parameter over system dead time. The method suggested seems to be more effective even at high count rate. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.NIMA.2009.02.005
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“Comparative analysis of the low-energy He+ ions scattering on Al and Al2O3 surfaces”. Fomin VM, Misko VR, Devreese JT, Brongersma HH, Nuclear Instruments &, Methods In Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions With Materials And Atoms 145, 545 (1998). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(98)00530-8
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT);
Impact Factor: 1.109
Times cited: 9
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-583X(98)00530-8
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“Compositional analysis of 17-18th century archaeological glass fragments, excavated in Mechelen, Belgium: comparison with data from neighboring cities in the Low Countries”. van der Linden V, Bultinck E, de Ruytter J, Schalm O, Janssens K, Devos W, Tiri W, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B: beam interactions with materials and atoms 239, 100 (2005). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2005.06.219
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 1.109
Times cited: 15
DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.06.219
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“Defect characterization in high temperature implanted 6H-SiC using TEM”. Suvorov AV, Lebedev OI, Suvorova AA, van Landuyt J, Usov IO, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B 127/128, 347 (1997). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(96)00954-8
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.109
Times cited: 17
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-583X(96)00954-8
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“Dynamic Monte Carlo simulation for reactive sputtering of aluminium”. Chen ZY, Bogaerts A, Depla D, Ignatova V, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B 207, 415 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01120-0
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 1.109
Times cited: 20
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01120-0
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“Electron microscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry characterisation of 6H SiC samples implanted with He+”. Frangis N, van Landuyt J, Grimaldi MG, Calcagno L, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B: beam interactions with materials and atoms
T2 –, Symposium 1 on New Trends in Ion Beam Processing of Materials, at the, E-MRS 96 Spring Meeting, June 04-07, 1996, Strasbourg, France 120, 186 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(96)00506-X
Abstract: 6H SiC single crystals were implanted al room temperature with 1 MeV He+ up to a fluence of 2 x 10(17) at./cm(2) RBS-channeling analysis with a 2 MeV He+ beam indicated the formation of extended defects or the generation of point defects at a constant concentration over a depth of about 1 mu m. Electron microscopy characterisation revealed the presence of two amorphous buried layers at depths of about 1,75 and 4.8 mu m. They an due to the implantation and to the analysing RES beam, respectively, No extended planar or linear faults were found in the region between the surface and the first amorphous layer. However, at the surface, a 50 nm thick amorphous layer was observed in which crystalline inclusions were embedded. Electron diffraction and HREM data of the inclusions were typical for diamond, These inclusions were even found in the crystalline SiC material below this layer, however at a reduced density.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.124
Times cited: 2
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-583X(96)00506-X
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“Ion beam synthesis of Te and Bi nanoclusters in silicon: the effect of post-implantation high frequency electromagnetic field”. Kalitzova M, Peeva A, Ignatova V, Lebedev OI, Zollo G, Vitali G, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B: beam interactions with materials and atoms 242, 209 (2006). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2005.08.017
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.109
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.08.017
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“Ion beam synthesis of \beta-SiC at 950 degrees C and structural characterization”. Frangis N, Nejim A, Hemment PLF, Stoemenos J, van Landuyt J, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B: beam interactions with materials and atoms
T2 –, Symposium J on Correlated Effects in Atomic and Cluster Ion Bombardment and Implantation/Symposium C on Pushing the Limits of Ion Beam, Processing –, Fr 112, 325 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1016/0168-583X(95)01236-2
Abstract: The structure of beta-SiC formed by carbon implantation into Si at high temperatures (850-950 degrees C) at doses ranging between 0.2 X 10(18) to 1 X 10(18) cm(-2) at 200 keV, was studied by combined cross section and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (XTEM and HRTEM). Implantation was performed on (001) and (111) Si wafers. In both cases a buried beta-SiC layer was formed having the same orientation as the Si matrix.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.124
Times cited: 9
DOI: 10.1016/0168-583X(95)01236-2
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“Molecular dynamics simulation of the impact behaviour of various hydrocarbon species on DLC”. Neyts E, Bogaerts A, Gijbels R, Benedikt J, van de Sanden MCM, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B: beam interactions with materials and atoms 228, 315 (2005). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2004.10.063
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 1.109
Times cited: 19
DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.10.063
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“Molecular information in static SIMS for the speciation of inorganic compounds”. van Ham R, Adriaens A, van Vaeck L, Gijbels R, Adams F, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B: beam interactions with materials and atoms 161/163, 245 (2000). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(99)00750-8
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 1.109
Times cited: 19
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-583X(99)00750-8
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“Nanohardness and structure of nitrogen implanted SixAly coatings post-implanted with oxygen”. Jacobs M, Bodart F, Terwagne G, Schryvers D, Poulet A, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B: beam interactions with materials and atoms 147, 231 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(98)00535-7
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.109
Times cited: 3
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-583X(98)00535-7
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“Observation of vacancy clustering in FZ-Si crystals during in situ electron irradiation in a high voltage electron microscope”. Fedina L, van Landuyt J, Vanhellemont J, Aseev AL, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research B112, 133 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1016/0168-583X(95)01277-X
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.124
Times cited: 4
DOI: 10.1016/0168-583X(95)01277-X
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“PIC-MC simulation of an RF capacitively coupled Ar/H2 discharge”. Neyts E, Yan M, Bogaerts A, Gijbels R, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B 202, 300 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(02)01873-6
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 1.109
Times cited: 8
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-583X(02)01873-6
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“Accurate evaluation of \mu-PIXE and \mu-XRF spectral data through iterative least squares fitting”. Janssens K, Vekemans B, Adams F, van Espen P, Mutsaers P, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B: beam interactions with materials and atoms
T2 –, 7th International Conference on Particle Induced X-ray Emission and Its Analytical Applications, MAY 26-30, 1995, Abano Terme, Italy 109, 179 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1016/0168-583X(95)01211-7
Abstract: The integration of the nonlinear least squares X-ray spectrum evaluation progam AXIL. into a mu-PIXE and a mu-XRF setup is discussed. The use of the software when procesing data sets derived from biological and geological samples is described.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
DOI: 10.1016/0168-583X(95)01211-7
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“Confocal μ-XRF depth analysis of paint layers”. Šmit Ž, Janssens K, Proost K, Langus I, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B: beam interactions with materials and atoms 219, 35 (2004). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.NIMB.2004.01.024
Abstract: Focused narrow-band beam of the synchrotron radiation was used for in-depth analysis of historic and modern paint layers. The fluorescent radiation induced by 21 keV impact radiation was detected by a Si(Li) detector equipped with a polycapillary X-ray lens in con-focal geometry. Scanning of the sample was performed by a motorized xyz stage. Space resolution of 30 ìm was achieved. The procedure of evaluation of concentrations was based on the independent parameter method and included absorption of radiation in the outer layers and secondary fluorescence enhancement induced by hard X-rays of the same and neighboring layers.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 1.109
Times cited: 69
DOI: 10.1016/J.NIMB.2004.01.024
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“Determination of localized Fe2+/Fe3+ ratios in inks of historic documents by means of \mu-XANES”. Proost K, Janssens K, Wagner B, Bulska E, Schreiner M, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B: beam interactions with materials and atoms 213, 723 (2004). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01693-8
Abstract: An important part of the European cultural heritage is composed of hand-written documents. Many of these documents were drawn up with iron-gall ink. This type of ink present a serious conservation problem, as it slowly oxidizes ('burns') the paper it is written on, thereby gradually disintegrating the historic document. Acid hydrolysis of the cellulose and/or the oxidation of organic compounds promoted by radical intermediates that are formed due to the presence of Fe2+ ions are considered to be the cause of the disintegration. mu-XANES measurements were performed with a lateral resolution of 30-50 mum in order to determine the local Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio in 19th C. documents from the Austrian National Archives and fragments of 16th C documents from the Polish National Library. In the 19th C documents, no significant amount of Fe2+ was detected. On the other hand, in the 16th C fragments, significant amounts of Fe2+ and appreciable differences in distribution of Fe2+ and Fe3+ within individual letters/ink stains were observed. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 1.109
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01693-8
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“Micro-distribution of heavy elements in highly inhomogeneous particles generated from μ-beam XRF/XRD analysis”. Rindby A, Engström P, Janssens K, Osán J, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B: beam interactions with materials and atoms 124, 591 (1997)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 1.109
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“Trace element fingerprinting of façon-de-Venise glass”. Šmit Ž, Bulska E, Janssens K, Bulska E, Wagner B, Kos M, Lazar I, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B: beam interactions with materials and atoms 239, 94 (2005). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.NIMB.2005.06.182
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 1.109
Times cited: 27
DOI: 10.1016/J.NIMB.2005.06.182
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“Characterization of impact materials around Barringer meteor crater by micro-PIXE nd micro-SRXRF techniques”. Uzonyi I, Szöör G, Rozsa P, Vekemans B, Vincze L, Adams F, Drakopoulos M, Somogyi A, Kiss ÁZ, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B: beam interactions with materials and atoms 219/220, 555 (2004). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.NIMB.2004.01.119
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.NIMB.2004.01.119
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“Gamma induced atom displacements in LYSO and LuYAP crystals as used in medical imaging applications”. Pinera I, Cruz CM, Abreu Y, Leyva A, van Espen P, Diaz A, Cabal AE, Van Remortel N, Interactions With Materials And Atoms 356, 46 (2015). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.NIMB.2015.04.063
Abstract: The radiation damage, in terms of atom displacements, induced by gamma irradiation in LYSO and LuYAP crystals is presented. Sc-44, Na-22 and V-48 are used as gamma sources for this study. The energy of gammas from the electron positron annihilation processes (511 keV) is also included in the study. The atom displacements distributions inside each material are calculated following the Monte Carlo assisted Classical Method introduced by the authors. This procedure also allows to study the atom displacements in-depth distributions inside each crystal. The atom displacements damage in LYSO crystals is found to be higher than in LuYAP crystals, mainly provoked by the displacements of silicon and oxygen atoms. But the difference between atom displacements produced in LYSO and LuYAP decreases when more energetic sources are used. On the other hand, the correlation between the atom displacements and energy deposition in-depth distributions is excellent. The atom displacements to energy deposition ratio is found to increases with more energetic photon sources. LYSO crystals are then more liable to the atom displacements damage than LuYAP crystals. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Particle Physics Group; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.NIMB.2015.04.063
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“Improved calculation of displacements per atom cross section in solids by gamma and electron irradiation”. Pinera I, Cruz CM, Leyva A, Abreu Y, Cabal AE, van Espen P, Van Remortel N, Interactions With Materials And Atoms 339, 1 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.NIMB.2014.08.020
Abstract: Several authors had estimated the displacements per atom cross sections under different approximations and models, including most of the main gamma- and electron-material interaction processes. These previous works used numerical approximation formulas which are applicable for limited energy ranges. We proposed the Monte Carlo assisted Classical Method (MCCM), which relates the established theories about atom displacements to the electron and positron secondary fluence distributions calculated from the Monte Carlo simulation. In this study the MCCM procedure is adapted in order to estimate the displacements per atom cross sections for gamma and electron irradiation. The results obtained through this procedure are compared with previous theoretical calculations. An improvement in about 10-90% for the gamma irradiation induced dpa cross section is observed in our results on regard to the previous evaluations for the studied incident energies. On the other hand, the dpa cross section values produced by irradiation with electrons are improved by our calculations in about 5-50% when compared with the theoretical approximations. When thin samples are irradiated with electrons, more precise results are obtained through the MCCM (in about 20-70%) with respect to the previous studies. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Particle Physics Group; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.NIMB.2014.08.020
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“Monte Carlo simulation of X-ray spectra from low energy electrons using optical data”. Roet D, van Espen P, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B: beam interactions with materials and atoms 268, 2794 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.NIMB.2010.07.004
Abstract: An approach using optical data to simulate both the bremsstrahlung continuum and characteristic K and L X-ray lines generated by low energy electrons (cfr. electron microscopy) in solids is discussed in this paper. The necessary analytical expressions together with the data to calculate the relevant cross sections for elastic and inelastic interactions at these energies along with variance reduction techniques are given. The results of the Monte Carlo simulation are compared to experimental data measured with a JEOL 6300 electron microscope.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.NIMB.2010.07.004
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“Precise gamma ray measurement of the radial distribution of a cracking catalyst at diluted concentrations in a glass riser”. Dantas CC, Dos Santos VA, Melo ACBA, Van Grieken R, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B: beam interactions with materials and atoms 251, 201 (2006). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.NIMB.2006.05.009
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.NIMB.2006.05.009
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“Study of dpa distributions in electron irradiated YBCO slabs through MCCM algorithm”. Piñera I, Cruz CM, van Espen P, Abreu Y, Leyva A, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B: beam interactions with materials and atoms 274, 191 (2012). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.NIMB.2011.11.021
Abstract: The Monte Carlo assisted Classical Method (MCCM) consists on a calculation procedure for determining the displacements per atom (dpa) distribution in solid materials. This algorithm allows studying the gamma and electron irradiation damage in different materials. It is based on the electrons elastic scattering classic theories and the use of Monte Carlo simulation for the physical processes involved. The present study deals with the Monte Carlo simulation of electron irradiation effects on YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) slabs using the MCNPX code system. Displacements per atom distributions are obtained through the MCCM for electron irradiation up to 10 MeV. In-depth dpa profiles for electrons and positrons are obtained and analysed. Also, dpa contributions from each atomic specie in the material are calculated. It was found that the dpa distribution is more homogeneous in the material volume when increasing energy of incident electrons. Also, the dpa produced by positrons has no relevance when irradiating with electrons, in contrast with previous similar gamma irradiation studies. All the results are presented and discussed in this contribution. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.NIMB.2011.11.021
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“Total electron yield (TEY) detection mode Cr K-edge XANES spectroscopy as a direct method to probe the composition of the surface of darkened chrome yellow (PbCr1-xSxO4) and potassium chromate paints”. Monico L, d'Acapito F, Cotte M, Janssens K, Romani A, Ricci G, Miliani C, Cartechini L, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B: beam interactions with materials and atoms 539, 141 (2023). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.NIMB.2023.03.040
Abstract: The darkening of chromate-pigments, including chrome yellows (PbCr1-xSxO4), is a surface phenomenon affecting late 19th-early 20th c. paintings, such as those by Van Gogh. Exploring analytical strategies that contribute to a deep understanding of darkening is therefore significant for the long-term conservation of unique masterpieces. Here, we examined the capabilities of Cr K-edge XANES spectroscopy collected at the same time in X-ray fluorescence yield (XFY) and total electron yield (TEY) detection modes to selectively study the surface composition of darkened oil paint mock-ups composed of chrome yellow (PbCr0.2S0.8O4) or potassium chromate. By discussing advantages and drawbacks in using XFY/TEY modes in relation to XFY & mu;-XANES analysis from sectioned samples, we aim at assessing if TEY-XANES spectroscopy: (i) is a selective surface method to determine the abundance of different Cr-species from paint fragments; (ii) can contribute to optimize the analytical strategy by limiting time consuming sample preparation procedures; (iii) can decrease the probability of radiation damage.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS)
Impact Factor: 1.3
DOI: 10.1016/J.NIMB.2023.03.040
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“Unraveling microbial processes involved in carbon and nitrogen cycling and greenhouse gas emissions in rewetted peatlands by molecular biology”. Gios E, Verbruggen E, Audet J, Burns R, Butterbach-Bahl K, Espenberg M, Fritz C, Glatzel S, Jurasinski G, Larmola T, Mander U, Nielsen C, Rodriguez AF, Scheer C, Zak D, Silvennoinen HM, Biogeochemistry (2024). http://doi.org/10.1007/S10533-024-01122-6
Abstract: Restoration of drained peatlands through rewetting has recently emerged as a prevailing strategy to mitigate excessive greenhouse gas emissions and re-establish the vital carbon sequestration capacity of peatlands. Rewetting can help to restore vegetation communities and biodiversity, while still allowing for extensive agricultural management such as paludiculture. Belowground processes governing carbon fluxes and greenhouse gas dynamics are mediated by a complex network of microbial communities and processes. Our understanding of this complexity and its multi-factorial controls in rewetted peatlands is limited. Here, we summarize the research regarding the role of soil microbial communities and functions in driving carbon and nutrient cycling in rewetted peatlands including the use of molecular biology techniques in understanding biogeochemical processes linked to greenhouse gas fluxes. We emphasize that rapidly advancing molecular biology approaches, such as high-throughput sequencing, are powerful tools helping to elucidate the dynamics of key biogeochemical processes when combined with isotope tracing and greenhouse gas measuring techniques. Insights gained from the gathered studies can help inform efficient monitoring practices for rewetted peatlands and the development of climate-smart restoration and management strategies.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plant and Ecosystems (PLECO) – Ecology in a time of change
Impact Factor: 4
DOI: 10.1007/S10533-024-01122-6
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“Basalt addition improves the performance of young grassland monocultures under more persistent weather featuring longer dry and wet spells”. Reynaert S, Vienne A, de Boeck HJ, D'Hose T, Janssens I, Nijs I, Portillo-Estrada M, Verbruggen E, Vicca S, Agricultural and forest meteorology 340, 109610 (2023). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2023.109610
Abstract: Global warming is altering the intra-annual variability of precipitation patterns in the mid-latitudes, including a shift towards longer dry and wet spells compared to historic averages. Such fluctuations will likely alter soil water and nutrient dynamics of managed ecosystems which could negatively influence their functioning (e.g., productivity and fodder quality). Here, we investigated whether basalt addition could attenuate effects of increasingly persistent precipitation regimes (PR) on two agricultural grassland monocultures differing in drought resistance (low: Lolium perenne (LP) vs high: Festulolium (FL)) and digestibility (high: LP, low: FL), while improving soil C sequestration. In total, 32 experimental mesocosms were subjected to either a low (1-day wet/ dry alternation) or a highly (30-day wet/dry alternation) persistent PR over 120 days, keeping total precipitation equal. In half of these mesocosms, we mixed basalt with the top 20 cm soil layer at a rate of 50 t ha-1. Overall, 30-day PR increased average water availability resulting in improved aboveground biomass and shoot digestibility for both species, in spite of elevated physiological stress. These PR also increased shoot Si, K, N and C but reduced Ca accumulation. Basalt addition generally increased soil Al, Ni, Mg, Ca, P, K and Si availability without altering root biomass or total soil carbon. Moreover, differences in root N content and C:N ratio between species were reduced. Interestingly, basalt modified the PR effects on productivity. Within 30-day PR, basalt stimulated aboveground biomass (& PLUSMN;14%) and root Si and K contents without altering plant digestibility, palatability, crude protein content or Ni/Al content. These results indicate that basalt can stimulate grassland productivity and soil nutrient availability under more persistent PR without negatively affecting fodder quality. Hence, basalt application may improve the performance of young temperate grassland monocultures under climate change, though dry soil conditions may limit effects on soil C sequestration during summer.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plant and Ecosystems (PLECO) – Ecology in a time of change
Impact Factor: 6.2
DOI: 10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2023.109610
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“Of enzyme use in cost-effective high solid simultaneous saccharification and fermentation processes”. Sóti V, Lenaerts S, Cornet I, Journal of biotechnology 270, 70 (2018). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.JBIOTEC.2018.01.020
Abstract: Enzyme cost is considered to be one of the most significant factors defining the final product price in lignocellulose hydrolysis and fermentation. Enzyme immobilization and recycling can be a tool to decrease costs. However, high solid loading is a key factor towards high product titers, and recovery of immobilized enzymes from this thick liquid is often overlooked. This paper aims to evaluate the economic feasibility of immobilized enzymes in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of lignocellulose biomass in general, as well as the recuperation of magnetic immobilized enzymes (m-CLEAs) during high solid loading in simultaneous saccharification, detoxification and fermentation processes (SSDF) of lignocellulose biomass. Enzyme prices were obtained from general cost estimations by Klein-Marcuschamer et al. [Klein-Marcuschamer et al. (2012) Biotechnol. Bioeng. 109, 10831087]. During enzyme cost analysis, the influence of inoculum recirculation as well as a shortened fermentation time was explored. Both resulted in 15% decrease of final enzyme product price. Enzyme recuperation was investigated experimentally and 99.5 m/m% of m-CLEAs was recovered from liquid medium in one step, while 88 m/m% could still be recycled from a thick liquid with high solid concentrations (SSF fermentation broth). A mathematical model was constructed to calculate the cost of immobilized and free enzyme utilization and showed that, with current process efficiencies and commercial enzyme prices, the cost reduction obtained by enzyme immobilization can reach around 60% compared to free enzyme utilization, while lower enzyme prices will result in a lower percentage of immobilization related savings, but overall enzyme costs will decrease significantly. These results are applied in a case study, estimating the viability of shifting from sugar to lignocellulose substrate for a 100 t lactic acid fermentation batch. It was concluded that it will only be economically feasible if the enzymes are produced at the most optimistic variable cost and either the activity of the immobilized catalyst or the recovery efficiency is further increased.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL); Biochemical Wastewater Valorization & Engineering (BioWaVE)
Impact Factor: 2.599
Times cited: 6
DOI: 10.1016/J.JBIOTEC.2018.01.020
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