“Doped albumin : stndardization possibilities for LAMMA-analysis of thin freeze-dried cryosections of biological tissue”. Verbueken AH, Jacob WA, Frederik PM, Busing WM, Hersten RC, Van Grieken RE, Journal de physique 45, 561 (1984)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“LAMMA and electron-microprobe analysis of atmospheric aerosols”. Bruynseels F, Storms H, Van Grieken R, Journal de physique 45, 785 (1984). http://doi.org/10.1051/JPHYSCOL:19842180
Abstract: A laser microprobe mass analyser and a highly automated electron probe X-ray microanalysis unit have been used to study the elemental composition, inorganic speciation and morphology of atmospheric aerosols collected at various remote to polluted and marine to continental locations.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1051/JPHYSCOL:19842180
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“Elemental composition of bottom-sediments from Pangani river basin, Tanzania : lithogenic and anthropogenic sources”. Hellar-Kihampa H, Potgieter-Vermaak S, van Meel K, Gatto Rotondo G, Kishimba M, Van Grieken R, Toxicological and environmental chemistry 94, 525 (2012). http://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2011.648940
Abstract: River-bed sediments from the Pangani basin, Tanzania, were characterized for elemental compositions, following contamination risks from rapid expansions of human activities in the area. Samples were collected during two individual seasons and analyzed by high-polarizing beam energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) for eight major and 14 trace elements. Evaluation of enrichment factors (EFs) was used to investigate the elemental flux and assess the contributions of natural and anthropogenic influences. The abundances of the major elements followed the order Si > Al > Fe > Ca > K > Ti > Mn > P, similar to that of the upper earth's crust, and were generally from the weathering of the bed-rock. The high concentrations of typical anthropogenic trace-elements (Cr < 160 mg kg−1, V < 85 mg kg−1, Ni < 60 mg kg−1, Cu < 87 mg kg−1, La < 90 mg kg−1) coupled with high EFs (>2) in some locations indicated contamination associated with agricultural and industrial activities. Factor analysis extracted five principal components that contributed to 96.0% of the total observed variance. The results indicated that river-bed sediments of the Pangani basin were influenced to a larger extent by lithogenic sources than anthropogenic impacts.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1080/02772248.2011.648940
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“Assessing the acidification risk in the Lake Baikal region”. Semenov MY, Khodzher TV, Obolkin VA, Domysheva VM, Golobokova LP, Kobeleva NA, Netsvetaeva OG, Potemkin VL, Van Grieken R, Fukuzaki N, Chemistry and ecology 22, 1 (2006). http://doi.org/10.1080/02757540500456955
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1080/02757540500456955
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“Appraisal of measurement methods, chemical composition and sources of fine atmospheric particles over six different areas of Northern Belgium”. Bencs L, Ravindra K, de Hoog J, Spolnik Z, Bleux N, Berghmans P, Deutsch F, Roekens E, Van Grieken R, Environmental pollution 158, 3421 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2010.07.012
Abstract: Daily and seasonal variation in the total elemental, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) content and mass of PM2.5 were studied at industrial, urban, suburban and agricultural/rural areas. Continuous (optical Dustscan, standard tapered element oscillating micro-balance (TEOM), TEOM with filter dynamics measurement system), semi-continuous (Partisol filter-sampling) and non-continuous (Dekati-impactor sampling and gravimetry) methods of PM2.5 mass monitoring were critically evaluated. The average elemental fraction accounted for 26% of the PM2.5 mass measured by gravimetry. Metals, like K, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb were strongly inter-correlated, also frequently with non-metallic elements (P, S, Cl and/or Br) and EC/OC. A high OC/EC ratio (29) was generally observed. The total carbon content of PM2.5 ranged between 3 and 77% (averages: 1232%), peaking near industrial/heavy trafficked sites. Principal component analysis identified heavy oil burning, ferrous/non-ferrous industry and vehicular emissions as the main sources of metal pollution. This work compares various aerosol monitoring methods to characterize PM2.5 over six locations of different anthropogenic activities over Northern Belgium.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2010.07.012
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“Sulphite and sulphate concentrations in weathering products of sandy limestone and in deposition samples”. Roekens E, Bleyen C, Van Grieken R, Environmental pollution 57, 289 (1989). http://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(89)90084-5
Abstract: The sulphite and sulphate concentrations in weathering products of limestone and in wet and total deposition samples were measured by the modified West-Gaeke method and by ion chromatography. The sulphite content in the weathering crust and in the runoff rainwater of two historical buildings in Belgium, was always much lower than the sulphate content. The maximum sulphite to sulphate ratio was 2·5%. The sulphite concentration in wet and total deposition samples was in the low or sub ppm range except during two misty periods when the sulphite concentration was 6·8 and 21 mg litre−1. In those samples a high sulphate concentration was also found (nl. 57 and 137 mg litre−1, respectively).
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0269-7491(89)90084-5
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“Uneven distribution of inorganic pollutants in marine air originating from ocean-going ships”. Bencs L, Horemans B, Buczyńska AJ, Van Grieken R, Environmental pollution 222, 226 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2016.12.052
Abstract: The distribution of mass, water-soluble inorganic salts and mineral elements of size-segregated aerosols (PM1, PM2.5-1 and PM10-2.5), precursor gaseous pollutants, black carbon, and nanoparticles (10-300 nm size range) at the Southern Bight of the North Sea has been studied. The concentrations of air pollutants peaked over shipping lanes, open-water anchorage areas and frequently navigated waters, due to the presence of mobile emission sources. A considerable decrease in air pollutant levels was seen when diverting from these marine areas towards remote or coastal banks. These findings showed the rapid dispersion of pollutants in the marine air. The nano-aerosol count, originating from ocean-going ships, peaked at lower average aerodynamic diameters (e.g., approximate to 28 nm) than those, observed from low displacement vessels (45-50 nm, e.g., for fishing boats). The average diameter of nano-PM depended also on weather conditions, e.g., it was higher (approximate to 50 nm) in air of higher humidity. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2016.12.052
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“Component-specific toxic concerns of the inhalable fraction of urban road dust”. Potgieter-Vermaak S, Rotondo G, Novacovic V, Rollins S, Van Grieken R, Environmental geochemistry and health 34, 689 (2012). http://doi.org/10.1007/S10653-012-9488-5
Abstract: Continuous global urbanisation causes an ever-growing ecological footprint of pollution. Road dust (RD), one of these pollutants, poses a health concern due to carcinogenic and toxic components potentially present in the micron-sized fractions. The literature reports on the concentrations of trace, toxic metals and metalloids present in RD (Hooker and Nathanail in Chem Geol 226:340-351, 2006), but the literature on its molecular composition is limited. Recent reports on the bioaccessibility of platinum group metals are also reported (Colombo et al. in Chem Geol 226:340-351, 2008). In vitro and animal toxicological studies confirmed that the chemical composition of inhaled particles plays a major role in its toxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic mechanisms, but the component-specific toxic effects are still not understood. Particle-bound airborne transition metals can also lead to the production of reactive oxygen species in lung tissue; a special concern amongst particularly susceptible cohorts (children and elderly). The characterisation of the molecular composition of the fine fraction is evidently of importance for public health. During a pilot study, partially characterised size-fractioned RD samples (Barrett et al. in Eviron Sci Technol 44:2940-2946, 2010) were analysed for their elemental concentration using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. In addition, separately dispersed particles (200 particles per size fraction) were analysed individually by means of computer-controlled electron probe X-ray micro-analysis (CC-EPXMA) and their molecular structure probed by studying elemental associations. These were correlated with micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS) results. It was found that the fine fraction (< 38 mu m) had the highest Pb (238 ppm) and Cr (171 ppm) concentrations. The CC-EPXMA data showed > 50 % association of Cr-rich particles with Pb, and the MRS data showed that the Cr was mostly present as lead chromate and therefore in the Cr(VI) oxidation state. Concentrations of both Pb and Cr decreased substantially (279 (< 38 mu m)-13 ppm (< 1 mm); 171 (< 38 mu m)-91 ppm (< 1 mm), respectively) in the larger fractions. Apart from rather alarmingly high concentrations of oxidative stressors (Cu, Fe, Mn), the carcinogenic and toxic potential of the inhalable fraction is evident. Preliminary bioaccessibility data indicated that both Cr and Pb are readily mobilised in artificial lysosomal liquid and up to 19 % of Cr and 47 % of Pb were released.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/S10653-012-9488-5
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“Analysis of speleothems by electron and X-ray microprobes”. Kuczumow A, Vekemans B, Schalm O, Gysels K, Ro C-U, Van Grieken R, Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry 16, 90 (2001). http://doi.org/10.1039/B007725I
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1039/B007725I
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“Application of high-energy polarised beam energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to cadmium determination in saline solutions”. van Meel K, Fontàs C, Van Grieken R, Queralt I, Hidalgo M, Marguí, E, Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry 23, 1034 (2008). http://doi.org/10.1039/B718382H
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1039/B718382H
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“Comparison between direct current and radiofrequency glow discharge mass spectrometry for the analysis of oxide-based samples”. de Gendt S, Van Grieken R, Hang W, Harrison WW, Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry 10, 689 (1995). http://doi.org/10.1039/JA9951000689
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1039/JA9951000689
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“Critical assessment and proposal for reconstruction of a grazing emission X-ray fluorescence instrument”. Kuczumow A, Schmeling M, Van Grieken R, Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry 15, 535 (2000). http://doi.org/10.1039/A908661G
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1039/A908661G
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“Elemental x-ray images obtained by grazing-exit electron probe microanalysis (GE-EPMA)”. Tsuji K, Nullens R, Wagatsuma K, Van Grieken RE, Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry 14, 1711 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1039/A905301H
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1039/A905301H
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“Inorganic nitrogen speciation in single micrometer-size particles by laser microprobe mass analysis”. Bruynseels F, Otten P, Van Grieken R, Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry 3, 237 (1988). http://doi.org/10.1039/JA9880300237
Abstract: Individual micrometer-size particles of inorganic nitrogen salts, such as NaNO3, NaNO2, (NH4)2SO4, NH4Cl, NH4NO3 and their mixtures, were analysed in the laser microprobe mass analyser. The cluster-ion distributions of the salts are systematically described and can be used to gain speciation information. The results can be used to study the distribution of the atmospheric aerosol inorganic nitrogen compounds and to investigate their chemical transformations under ambient conditions.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1039/JA9880300237
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“Optimization of secondary cathode thickness for direct current glow discharge mass spectrometric analysis of glass”. Schelles W, de Gendt S, Van Grieken RE, Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry 11, 937 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1039/JA9961100937
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1039/JA9961100937
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“Quantification problems in light element determination by grazing emission X-ray fluorescence”. Kuczumow A, Claes M, Schmeling M, Van Grieken R, de Gendt S, Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry 15, 415 (2000). http://doi.org/10.1039/A908724I
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1039/A908724I
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“Quantitative analysis of iron-rich and other oxide-based samples by means of glow discharge mass spectrometry”. de Gendt S, Schelles W, Van Grieken R, Müller V, Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry 10, 681 (1995). http://doi.org/10.1039/JA9951000681
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1039/JA9951000681
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“Quantitative analysis of zirconium oxide by direct glow discharge mass spectrometry using a secondary cathode”. Schelles W, Van Grieken R, Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry 12, 49 (1997)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Quantitative characterisation of the leaching of lead and other elements from glazed surfaces of historical ceramics”. Szalóki I, Braun M, Van Grieken R, Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry 15, 843 (2000). http://doi.org/10.1039/B000746N
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1039/B000746N
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“Spectrometric determination of silicon in food and biological samples: an interlaboratory trial”. van Dyck K, Robberecht H, van Cauwenbergh R, Deelstra H, Arnaud J, Willemyns L, Benijts F, Centeno JA, Taylor H, Soares ME, Bastos ML, Ferreira MA, d'Haese PC, Lamberts LV, Hoenig M, Knapp G, Lugowski SJ, Moens L, Riondato J, Van Grieken R, Claes M, Verheyen R, Clement L, Uytterhoeven M, Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry 15, 735 (2000). http://doi.org/10.1039/B000572J
Abstract: Accuracy and precision of silicon determination in biological matrices (serum, urine, water, beer and spinach) by spectrometric techniques (when necessary after acid destruction) were assessed by means of a collaborative interlaboratory trial. The trial was set up in accordance with ISO 5725-2 (1994). The relative overall repeatability standard deviation was acceptable. It varied between 4% for spinach powder (mean content: 176 mg kg(-1)) and 11% for serum (mean content: 5.33 mg L-1). On the other hand, the relative overall between-laboratory standard deviation was found to vary from a satisfactorily 15% for spinach after destruction (mean content: 3.32 mg L-1) to an unacceptable 107% for spinach powder (mean content: 176 mg kg(-1)). The overall conclusion of the trial was that silicon determination in biological matrices can properly be performed by spectrometric techniques. However, when sample pretreatment (i.e., acid destruction) is needed prior to silicon determination problems still remain.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology; Pathophysiology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1039/B000572J
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“NO2 verkeersmetingen in Vlaanderen door passieve bemonstering”. Potgieter-Vermaak S, Stranger M, Verlinden L, Roekens E, Van Grieken R, Die Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir natuurwetenskap en tegnologie 27, 266 (2008)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Preliminary studies on the geochemistry of the Cauvery river basin”. Subramanian V, Van 't dack L, Van Grieken R, Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences: earth and planetary sciences 94, 99 (1985). http://doi.org/10.1007/BF02871942
Abstract: Samples of water and sediments were collected over a three year period from the entire region of Cauvery river basin excluding the estuary. On the basis of our observations, we have calculated the average composition of the Cauvery river at several locations from the catchment to the river mouth, the downstream profile of sediment load, annual erosion rates, solute and sediment fluxes and have predicted on long term changes. The sediment chemistry was determined by x-ray fluorescence (xrf) technique, and calculated mean compositions of the Cauvery and its tributary bed and the suspended sediment were compared to those of world average river sediments. Downstream profiles of some of the elements appear to be controlled by size and mineralogical characteristics besides local factors specific to the location of the samples. Interelemental relationships indicated good correlation among the transition elements indicating their co-genetic behaviour within the drainage basin.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/BF02871942
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“Characterization of black volcanites from the Limay river basin, Patagonia, Argentina, using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry : an aid to infer human group mobility”. Palacios OM, van Meel K, Van Grieken R, Marcó, P L-M, Vázquez C, Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 298, 1245 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1007/S10967-013-2600-1
Abstract: The investigation of hunter-gatherers archaeological sites in the Limay river basin, Patagonia, Argentina, raised questions concerning the lithic technology. The chemical characterization of artifacts, rocks and possible sources of provenances could help to elucidate the hunter-gatherer mobility. In three archaeological sitesRincón Chico 2 (RCh2/87; 14C 710 ± 60 BP), Cueva Traful I (CTI; 14C 9430 ± 230 BP) and Casa de Piedra de Ortega (CPO; 14C 2840 ± 80 BP), tools and debitage or discarded flakes made in black volcanic rock have been found. Nearby an extensive rock outcrop of black volcanite, Paso Limay quarry (CPL), with similar characteristics was located. Samples coming from these four sites were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. This characterization allowed the geochemical classification of the lithic material and to correlate the samples with the suspected source after a previous statistical analysis. The majority of the samples were classified as dacites and rhyolites. Only samples coming from CPO site, the closest place to CPL were made exclusively with the quarry rocks. A set of five samples from RCh2/87 and two samples from CTI appear to have same chemical composition as CPL in spite of this site is placed in the opposite bank of the Limay river suggesting that hunter-gatherers could accede to the quarry, eventually. Finally, only a set of five samples coming from RCh2/87 and CTI do not group with the quarry. This fact evidences the existence of secondary sources of supply. The information of this research allowed inferring ancient human mobility patterns in the region.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/S10967-013-2600-1
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“Gross alpha and beta activities of airborne particulate samples from Wawel Royal Castle Museum in Cracow, Poland”. Akbulut S, Krupinska B, Worobiec A, Čevik U, Taskin H, Van Grieken R, Samek L, Wiłkojć, E, Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 295, 1567 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1007/S10967-012-1983-8
Abstract: Soils are complex mixtures of organic, inorganic materials, and metal compounds from anthropogenic sources. In order to identify the pollution sources, their magnitude and development, several X-ray analytical methods were applied in this study. The concentrations of 16 elements were determined in all the soil samples using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Soils of unknown origin were observed by scanning electron microscopy equipped with a Si(Li) X-ray detector using Monte Carlo simulation approach. The mineralogical analyses were carried out using X-ray diffraction spectrometry. Due to the correlations between heavy metals and oxide compounds, the samples were analyzed also by electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) in order to have information about their oxide contents. On the other hand, soil pH and salinity levels were identified owing to their influence between heavy metal and soil-surface chemistry. Moreover, the geoaccumulation index (I geo) enables the assessment of contamination by comparing current and pre-industrial concentrations.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
DOI: 10.1007/S10967-012-1983-8
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“Preconcentration and XRF-determination of heavy metals in hair from Sudanese populations”. Eltayeb MAH, Van Grieken RE, Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 131, 331 (1989). http://doi.org/10.1007/BF02060598
Abstract: Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis was applied for the analysis of hair. The hair samples were digested in a mixture of nitric and perchloric acid and the heavy metals were precipitated with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. The accuracy, precision and recovery of the method for the elements Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb were evaluated through the analysis of a standard hair sample. The procedure was applied to the analysis of hair from an occupationally exposed group of Sudanese workers and a control group. The hair of the exposed group showed a range of 80550 ppm Fe, 612 ppm Cu, 57190 ppm Zn and 703700 ppm Pb, while that of the control group had a range of 60310 ppm Fe, 722 ppm Cu, 89170 ppm Zn and 317 ppm Pb.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/BF02060598
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“Sedimentation rate of the floodplain sediments of the Yamuna river basin (tributary of the river Ganges, India) by using <tex>210Pb</tex>, and <tex>137Cs</tex>, techniques”. Saxena DP, Joos P, Van Grieken R, Subramanian V, Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 251, 399 (2002). http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014821906600
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1023/A:1014821906600
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“Patterns of damage in igneous and sedimentary rocks under conditions simulating sea-salt weathering”. Cardell C, Rivas T, Mosquera MJ, Birginie JM, Moropoulou A, Prieto B, Silva B, Van Grieken R, Earth surface processes and landforms 28, 1 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1002/ESP.408
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/ESP.408
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“Heavy metal distribution in sediments of Krishna River basin, India”. Ramesh R, Subramanian V, Van Grieken R, Environmental geology and water sciences 15, 207 (1990)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Heavy metal distribution in the Godavari river basin”. Biksham G, Subramanian V, Ramanathan A, Van Grieken R, Environmental geology and water sciences 17, 117 (1991)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Precise gamma ray measurement of the radial distribution of a cracking catalyst at diluted concentrations in a glass riser”. Dantas CC, Dos Santos VA, Melo ACBA, Van Grieken R, Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research: B: beam interactions with materials and atoms 251, 201 (2006). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.NIMB.2006.05.009
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.NIMB.2006.05.009
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