“Optimization of sample preparation for grazing emission X-ray fluorescence in micro- and trace analysis applications”. Claes M, de Bokx P, Willard N, Veny P, Van Grieken R, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 52, 1063 (1997). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(96)01654-0
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(96)01654-0
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“Quantification in grazing-emission X-ray fluorescence spectrometry”. Spolnik ZM, Claes M, Van Grieken RE, de Bokx PK, Urbach HP, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 54, 1525 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(99)00051-8
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(99)00051-8
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“Study of a unique 16th century Antwerp majolica floor in the Rameyenhof castle's chapel by means of X-ray fluorescence and portable Raman analytical instrumentation”. Van de Voorde L, Vandevijvere M, Vekemans B, Van Pevenage J, Caen J, Vandenabeele P, van Espen P, Vincze L, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 102, 28 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAB.2014.10.007
Abstract: The most unique and only known 16th century Antwerp majolica tile floor in Belgium is situated in a tower of the Rameyenhof castle (Gestel, Belgium). This exceptional work of art has recently been investigated in situ by using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Raman spectroscopy in order to study the material characteristics. This study reports on the result of the analyses based on the novel combination of non-destructive and portable instrumentation, including a handheld XRF spectrometer for obtaining elemental information and a mobile Raman spectrometer for retrieving structural and molecular information on the floor tiles in the Rameyenhof castle and on a second, similar medallion, which is stored in the Rubens House museum in Antwerp (Belgium). The investigated material, majolica, is a type of ceramic, which fascinated many people and potters throughout history by its beauty and colourful appearance. In this study the characteristic major/minor and trace element signature of 16th century Antwerp majolica is determined and the pigments used for the colourful paintings present on the floor are identified. Furthermore, based on the elemental fingerprint of the white glaze, and in particular on the presence of zinc in the tiles – an element that was not used for making 16th century majolica – valuable information about the originality of the chapel floor and the two central medallions is acquired. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAB.2014.10.007
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“Substrate selection for optimum qualitative and quantitative single atmospheric particles analysis using nano-manipulation, sequential thin-window electron probe X-ray microanalysis and micro-Raman spectrometry”. Godoi RHM, Potgieter-Vermaak S, de Hoog J, Kaegi R, Van Grieken R, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 61, 375 (2006). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAB.2006.02.004
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAB.2006.02.004
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“Classical nature of quantum dots in a magnetic field”. Anisimovas E, Matulis A, Peeters FM, Acta physica Polonica: A: general physics, solid state physics, applied physics 107, 188 (2005)
Abstract: A quasiclassical theory of few-electron quantum dots in a strong magnetic field is developed. The ground state energy and the corresponding many-electron wave function are obtained and used to derive a universal relation of critical magnetic fields and calculate the currents and the density-current correlation function.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 0.469
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“Electron microscopy and X-ray structural investigations of incommensurate spin-ladder Sr4.1Ca4.7Bi0.3Cu17O29 single crystals”. Dluzewski P, Pietraszko A, Kozlowski M, Szczepanska A, Gorecka J, Baran M, Leonyuk L, Babonas GJ, Lebedev OI, Szymczak R, Acta physica Polonica: A: general physics, solid state physics, applied physics 98, 729 (2000)
Abstract: Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction proved chain/ladder incommensurate single crystal structure of investigated samples. The incommensurate ratio was determined from the X-ray and electron diffraction being equal to 0.704. Diffuse scattering intensities localised on the planes perpendicular to the c*-axis and passing through the spots originating from the periodicity of chain sublattice were detected. High-angle grain boundary or twinning formed by rotation of 33.3 degrees around [100] direction was observed. High-resolution electron microscopy images revealed the stacking faults in ac planes.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 0.469
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“Free-standing Si and Ge, and Ge/Si core-shell semiconductor nanowires”. Peelaers H, Partoens B, Peeters FM, Acta physica Polonica: A: general physics, solid state physics, applied physics
T2 –, WELCOME Scientific Meeting on Hybrid Nanostructures, AUG 28-31, 2011, Torun, POLAND 122, 294 (2012)
Abstract: The properties of free-standing silicon and germanium nanowires oriented along the [110] direction are studied using different first principles methods. We show the corrections due to quasi-particles to the band structures obtained using the local-density approximation. The formation energies of B and P doped nanowires are calculated, both in the absence and presence of dangling bond defects and we link these to experimental results. Furthermore, we report on the phonon properties of pure Si and Ge nanowires, as well as Ge/Si core-shell nanowires, and discuss the differences between them.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 0.469
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“Interband optical properties of concentric type-I nanorings in a normal magnetic field”. Arsoski V, Tadić, M, Peeters FM, Acta physica Polonica: A: general physics, solid state physics, applied physics 117, 733 (2010)
Abstract: Two concentric two-dimensional GaAs/(Al,Ga)As nanorings in a normal magnetic field are theoretically studied. The single-band effective mass approximation is adopted for both the electron and the hole states, and the analytical solutions are given. We find that the electronic single particle states are arranged in pairs, which exhibit anticrossings and the orbital momentum transitions in the energy spectrum when magnetic field increases. Their period is essentially determined by the radius of the outer ring. The oscillator strength for interband transitions is strongly reduced close to each anticrossing. We show that an optical excitonic Aharonov-Bohm effect may occur in concentric nanorings.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 0.469
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“The optical excitonic Aharonov-Bohm effect in a few nanometer wide type-I nanorings”. Tadić, M, Arsoski V, Čukarić, N, Peeters FM, Acta physica Polonica: A: general physics, solid state physics, applied physics 117, 974 (2010)
Abstract: The optical excitonic Aharonov-Bohm effect in type-1 three-dimensional (In, Ga)As/GaAs nanorings in theoretically explored. The single-particle states of the electron and the hole are extracted from the effective mass theory in the presence of inhomogeneous strain, and an exact numerical diagonalization approach is used to compute the exciton states and the oscillator strength fx for exciton recombination. We studied both the large lithographically-defined and small self-assembled rings. Only in smaller self-assembled nanorings we found optical excitonic AharonovBohm effect. Those oscillations are established by anticrossings between the optically active exciton states with zero orbital momentum. In lithographically defined rings, whose average radius is 33 nm, fx shows no oscillations, whereas in the smaller self-assembled nanoring with average radius of 11.5 nm oscillations in fx for the ground exciton state are found as function of the magnetic field that is superposed on a linear dependence. These oscillations are smeared out at finite temperature, thus photoluminescence intensity exhibits step-like variation with magnetic field even at temperature as small as 4.2 K.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 0.469
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“Applications of laser microprobe mass analysis in medicine”. Verbueken AH, van de Vijver FL, de Broe ME, Van Grieken RE, CRC critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences 24, 263 (1987)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
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“Strong-coupling limit for one-dimensional polarons in a finite box”. Vansant P, Smondyrev MA, Peeters FM, Devreese JT, Zeitschrift für Physik: B: condensed matter and quanta 99, 345 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1007/s002570050047
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Theory of quantum systems and complex systems
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.1007/s002570050047
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“Urine nitrification with a synthetic microbial community”. Christiaens MER, De Paepe J, Ilgrande C, De Vrieze J, Barys J, Teirlinck P, Meerbergen K, Lievens B, Boon N, Clauwaert P, Vlaeminck SE, Systematic and applied microbiology 42, Unsp 126021 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SYAPM.2019.126021
Abstract: During long-term extra-terrestrial missions, food is limited and waste is generated. By recycling valuable nutrients from this waste via regenerative life support systems, food can be produced in space. Astronauts' urine can, for instance, be nitrified by micro-organisms into a liquid nitrate fertilizer for plant growth in space. Due to stringent conditions in space, microbial communities need to be be defined (gnotobiotic); therefore, synthetic rather than mixed microbial communities are preferred. For urine nitrification, synthetic communities face challenges, such as from salinity, ureolysis, and organics. In this study, a synthetic microbial community containing an AOB (Nitrosomonas europaea), NOB (Nitrobacter winogradskyi), and three ureolytic heterotrophs (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Acidovorax delafieldii, and Delftia acidovorans) was compiled and evaluated for these challenges. In reactor 1, salt adaptation of the ammonium-fed AOB and NOB co-culture was possible up to 45 mS cm(-1), which resembled undiluted nitrified urine, while maintaining a 44 +/- 10 mg NH4+-N L-1 d(-1) removal rate. In reactor 2, the nitrifiers and ureolytic heterotrophs were fed with urine and achieved a 15 +/- 6 mg NO3--N L-1 d(-1) production rate for 1% and 10% synthetic and fresh real urine, respectively. Batch activity tests with this community using fresh real urine even reached 29 +/- 3 mg N L-1 d(-1). Organics removal in the reactor (69 +/- 15%) should be optimized to generate a nitrate fertilizer for future space applications. (C) 2019 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1016/J.SYAPM.2019.126021
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“Multidisciplinary environmental monitoring at the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna”. Sturaro G, Camuffo D, Brimblecombe P, Van Grieken R, Busse H-J, Bernardi A, Valentino A, Blades N, Gysels K, Deutsch F, Wieser M, Buczolits S, Journal of trace and microprobe techniques 21, 273 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120020262
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1081/TMA-120020262
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“FLCS-PON : a 100 Gbit/s flexible passive optical network: concepts and field trial”. Borkowski R, Straub M, Ou Y, Lefevre Y, Jelić, ŽL, Lanneer W, Kaneda N, Mahadevan A, Hueckstaedt V, van Veen D, Houtsma V, Coomans W, Bonk R, Maes J, Journal Of Lightwave Technology 39, 5314 (2021). http://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2021.3102383
Abstract: We demonstrate concepts and results of a field trial for a flexible-rate passive optical network (FLCS-PON), which delivers bitrates up to 100 Gbit/s and allows for adaptations in the transmission method to match the users' channel conditions and optimize throughput. FLCS-PON builds on top of the hardware ecosystem that will be developed for ITU-T 50 Gbit/s PON and employs three new ingredients: optical network unit (ONU) grouping, flexible modulation format, and flexible forward error correction (FEC) code rate. Together, these techniques take advantage of the optical distribution network (ODN) statistics to realize a system capable of more than twofold throughput increase compared to the upcoming 50 Gbit/s PON, but still able to support a full array of deployed fiber edge cases, which are problematic for legacy PONs. In this paper we explain the concepts behind enabling techniques of FLCS-PON. We then report on a field trial over a deployed fiber infrastructure, using a system consisting of one FLCS-PON OLT and two ONUs. We report both pre- and post-forward-error-correction (post-FEC) performance of our system, demonstrating achievable net bitrate over an operator's fiber infrastructure. We realize a downlink transmission at double the speed of ITU-T 50 Gbit/s PON for ONUs exhibiting lower optical path loss (OPL), while simultaneously continue to support ONUs at high OPLs. We additionally realize a record-high 31.5 dB loss budget for 100 Gbit/s transmission using a direct-detection ONU with an optical preamplifier.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Mass communications; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 3.671
DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2021.3102383
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“Thermal recrystallization of short-range ordered WS2 films”. Heyne MH, de Marneffe J-F, Radu I, Neyts EC, De Gendt S, Journal of vacuum science and technology: A: vacuum surfaces and films 36, 05g501 (2018). http://doi.org/10.1116/1.5036654
Abstract: The integration of van der Waals materials in nanoelectronic devices requires the deposition of few-layered MX2 films with excellent quality crystals covering a large area. In recent years, astonishing progress in the monolayer growth of WS2 and MoS2 was demonstrated, but multilayer growth resulted often in separated triangular or hexagonal islands. These polycrystalline films cannot fully employ the specific MX2 properties since they are not connected in-plane to the other domains. To coalesce separated islands, ultrahigh-temperature postdeposition anneals in H2S are applied, which are not compatible with bare silicon substrates. Starting from the deposition of stoichiometric short-ordered films, the present work studies different options for subsequent high-temperature annealing in an inert atmosphere to form crystalline films with large grains from stoichiometric films with small grains. The rapid thermal annealing, performed over a few seconds, is compared to excimer laser annealing in the nanosecond range, which are both able to crystallize the thin WS2. The WS2 recrystallization temperature can be lowered using metallic crystallization promoters (Co and Ni). The best result is obtained using a Co cap, due to the circumvention of Co and S binary phase formation below the eutectic temperature. The recrystallization above a critical temperature is accompanied by sulfur loss and 3D regrowth. These undesired effects can be suppressed by the application of a dielectric capping layer prior to annealing. A SiO2 cap can suppress the sulfur loss successfully during annealing and reveals improved material quality in comparison to noncapped films Published by the AVS.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 1.374
Times cited: 2
DOI: 10.1116/1.5036654
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“Corrosion protection of Cu by atomic layer deposition”. Cremers V, Rampelberg G, Baert K, Abrahami S, Claes N, de Oliveira TM, Terryn H, Bals S, Dendooven J, Detavernier C, Journal of vacuum science and technology: A: vacuum surfaces and films 37, 060902 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1116/1.5116136
Abstract: Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a vapor phase technique that is able to deposit uniform, conformal thin films with an excellent thickness control at the atomic scale. 18 nm thick Al2O3 and TiO2 coatings were deposited conformaly and pinhole-free onto micrometer-sized Cu powder, using trimethylaluminum and tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium(IV), respectively, as a precursor and de-ionized water as a reactant. The capability of the ALD coating to protect the Cu powder against corrosion was investigated. Therefore, the stability of the coatings was studied in solutions with different pH in the range of 0–14, and in situ raman spectroscopy was used to detect the emergence of corrosion products of Cu as an indication that the protective coating starts to fail. Both ALD coatings provide good protection at standard pH values in the range of 5–7. In general, the TiO2 coating shows a better barrier protection against corrosion than the Al2O3 coating. However, for the most extreme pH conditions, pH 0 and pH 14, the TiO2 coating starts also to degrade.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.374
Times cited: 7
DOI: 10.1116/1.5116136
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“Addition of yttrium into HfO2 films: microstructure and electrical properties”. Dubourdieu C, Rauwel E, Roussel H, Ducroquet F, Hollaender B, Rossell M, Van Tendeloo G, Lhostis S, Rushworth S, Journal of vacuum science and technology: A: vacuum surfaces and films 27, 503 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1116/1.3106627
Abstract: The cubic phase of HfO2 was stabilized by addition of yttrium in thin films grown on Si/SiO2 by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The cubic phase was obtained for contents of 6.5 at. % Y or higher at a temperature as low as 470 °C. The complete compositional range (from 1.5 to 99.5 at. % Y) was investigated. The crystalline structure of HfO2 was determined from x-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, and attenuated total-reflection infrared spectroscopy. For cubic films, the continuous increase in the lattice parameter indicates the formation of a solid-solution HfO2Y2O3. As shown by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, yttrium silicate is formed at the interface with silicon; the interfacial layer thickness increases with increasing yttrium content and increasing film thickness. The dependence of the intrinsic relative permittivity r as a function of Y content was determined. It exhibits a maximum of ~30 for ~8.8 at. % Y. The cubic phase is stable upon postdeposition high-temperature annealing at 900 °C under NH3.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.374
Times cited: 29
DOI: 10.1116/1.3106627
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“Crystalline structure of very hard tungsten carbide thin films obtained by reactive pulsed laser deposition”. Mihailescu IN, Gyorgy E, Marin G, Popescu M, Teodorescu VS, van Landuyt J, Grivas C, Hatziapostolou A, Journal of vacuum science and technology: A: vacuum surfaces and films 17, 249 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1116/1.581579
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.374
Times cited: 8
DOI: 10.1116/1.581579
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“Influence of sticking coefficients on the behavior of sputtered atoms in an argon glow discharge: modeling and comparison with experiment”. Bogaerts A, Naylor J, Hatcher M, Jones WJ, Mason R, Journal of vacuum science and technology: A: vacuum surfaces and films 16, 2400 (1998). http://doi.org/10.1116/1.581359
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 1.374
Times cited: 12
DOI: 10.1116/1.581359
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“Reaction mechanisms for atomic layer deposition of aluminum oxide on semiconductor substrates”. Delabie A, Sioncke S, Rip J, Van Elshocht S, Pourtois G, Mueller M, Beckhoff B, Pierloot K, Journal of vacuum science and technology: A: vacuum surfaces and films 30, 01a127 (2012). http://doi.org/10.1116/1.3664090
Abstract: In this work, we have studied the TMA/H(2)O (TMA Al(CH(3))(3)) atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al(2)O(3) on hydroxyl (OH) and thiol (SH) terminated semiconductor substrates. Total reflection x-ray fluorescence reveals a complex growth-per-cycle evolution during the early ALD reaction cycles. OH and SH terminated surfaces demonstrate growth inhibition from the second reaction cycle on. Theoretical calculations, based on density functional theory, are performed on cluster models to investigate the first TMA/H(2)O reaction cycle. Based on the theoretical results, we discuss possible mechanisms for the growth inhibition from the second reaction cycle on. In addition, our calculations show that AlCH(3) groups are hydrolyzed by a H(2)O molecule adsorbed on a neighboring Al atom, independent of the type of backbonds (Si-O, Ge-O, or Ge-S) of AlCH(3). The coordination of Al remains four-fold after the first TMA/H(2)O reaction cycle. (C) 2012 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3664090]
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 1.374
Times cited: 41
DOI: 10.1116/1.3664090
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“Comparison of As- and P-based metamorphic buffers for high performance InP heterojunction bipolar transistor and high electron mobility transistor applications”. Lubyshev D, Fastenau JM, Fang X-M, Wu Y, Doss C, Snyder A, Liu WK, Lamb MSM, Bals S, Song C, Journal of vacuum science &, technology. B. Microelectronics and nanometer structures. Processing, measurement and phenomena 22, 1565 (2004). http://doi.org/10.1116/1.1691412
Abstract: Metamorphic buffers (M-buffers) consisting of graded InAlAs or bulk InP were employed for the production of InP-based epiwafers on GaAs substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy. The graded InAlAs is the standard for production metamorphic high electron mobility transistors (M-HEMTs), while the bulk InP offers superior thermal properties for higher current density circuits. The surface morphology and crystal structure of the two M-buffers showed different relaxation mechanisms. The graded InAlAs gave a cross-hatched pattern with nearly full relaxation and very effective dislocation filtering, while the bulk InP had a uniform isotropic surface with dislocations propagating further up towards the active layers. Both types of M-buffers had atomic force microscopy root-mean-square roughness values around 2030 Å. The Hall transport properties of high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown on the InAlAs M-buffer, and a baseline HEMT grown lattice matched on InP, both had room-temperature mobilities >10 000 cm2/V s, while the M-HEMT on the InP M-buffer showed a decrease to 9000 cm2/V s. Similarly, the dc parameters of a double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) grown on the InAlAs M-buffer were much closer to the baseline heterojunction bipolar transistor than a DHBT grown on the InP M-buffer. A high breakdown voltage of 11.3 V was achieved on an M-DHBT with the InAlAs M-buffer. We speculate that the degradation in device characteristics on the InP M-buffer was related to the incomplete dislocation filtering.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Times cited: 25
DOI: 10.1116/1.1691412
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“High precision determination of the elastic strain of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells”. Wu MF, Zhou S, Yao S, Zhao Q, Vantomme A, van Daele B, Piscopiello E, Van Tendeloo G, Tong YZ, Yang ZJ, Yu TJ, Zhang GY, Journal of vacuum science and technology: B: microelectronics and nanometer structures 22, 920 (2004). http://doi.org/10.1116/1.1715085
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Times cited: 15
DOI: 10.1116/1.1715085
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“Innovative market-based policy instruments for waste management : a case study on shredder residues in Belgium”. Dubois M, Hoogmartens R, Van Passel S, Van Acker K, Vanderreydt I, Waste Management &, Research 33, 886 (2015). http://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X15600053
Abstract: In an increasingly complex waste market, market-based policy instruments, such as disposal taxes, can give incentives for sustainable progress while leaving flexibility for innovation. However, implementation of disposal taxes is often criticised by domestic waste handlers that fear to be outcompeted by competitors in other countries. The article discusses three innovative market-based instruments that limit the impact on international competitiveness: Tradable recycling credits, refunded disposal taxes and differentiated disposal taxes. All three instruments have already been implemented for distinct environmental policies in Europe. In order to illustrate how these instruments can be used for waste policy, the literature review is complemented with a case study on shredder residues from metal-containing waste streams in Belgium. The analysis shows that a conventional disposal tax remains the most efficient, simple and transparent instrument. However, if international competition is a significant issue or if political support is weak, refunded and differentiated disposal taxes can have an added value as second-best instruments. Tradable recycling credits are not an appropriate instrument for use in small waste markets with market power. In addition, refunded taxes create similar incentives, but induce lower transactions costs.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM)
Impact Factor: 1.803
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.1177/0734242X15600053
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“Purple phototrophic bacteria for resource recovery : challenges and opportunities”. Capson-Tojo G, Batstone DJ, Grassino M, Vlaeminck SE, Puyol D, Verstraete W, Kleerebezem R, Oehmen A, Ghimire A, Pikaar I, Lema JM, Hülsen T, Grassino M, Hulsen T, Biotechnology Advances 43, 107567 (2020). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIOTECHADV.2020.107567
Abstract: Sustainable development is driving a rapid focus shift in the wastewater and organic waste treatment sectors, from a “removal and disposal” approach towards the recovery and reuse of water, energy and materials (e.g. carbon or nutrients). Purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB) are receiving increasing attention due to their capability of growing photoheterotrophically under anaerobic conditions. Using light as energy source, PPB can simultaneously assimilate carbon and nutrients at high efficiencies (with biomass yields close to unity (1 g CODbiomass·g CODremoved−1)), facilitating the maximum recovery of these resources as different value-added products. The effective use of infrared light enables selective PPB enrichment in non-sterile conditions, without competition with other phototrophs such as microalgae if ultraviolet-visible wavelengths are filtered. This review reunites results systematically gathered from over 177 scientific articles, aiming at producing generalized conclusions. The most critical aspects of PPB-based production and valorisation processes are addressed, including: (i) the identification of the main challenges and potentials of different growth strategies, (ii) a critical analysis of the production of value-added compounds, (iii) a comparison of the different value-added products, (iv) insights into the general challenges and opportunities and (v) recommendations for future research and development towards practical implementation. To date, most of the work has not been executed under real-life conditions, relevant for full-scale application. With the savings in wastewater discharge due to removal of organics, nitrogen and phosphorus as an important economic driver, priorities must go to using PPB-enriched cultures and real waste matrices. The costs associated with artificial illumination, followed by centrifugal harvesting/dewatering and drying, are estimated to be 1.9, 0.3–2.2 and 0.1–0.3 $·kgdry biomass−1. At present, these costs are likely to exceed revenues. Future research efforts must be carried out outdoors, using sunlight as energy source. The growth of bulk biomass on relatively clean wastewater streams (e.g. from food processing) and its utilization as a protein-rich feed (e.g. to replace fishmeal, 1.5–2.0 $·kg−1) appears as a promising valorisation route.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Impact Factor: 16
Times cited: 6
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIOTECHADV.2020.107567
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“Intrinsic tailing of resistive states distributions in amorphous <tex>HfOx </tex>, and TaOx based resistive random access memories”. Clima S, Chen YY, Fantini A, Goux L, Degraeve R, Govoreanu B, Pourtois G, Jurczak M, IEEE electron device letters 36, 769 (2015). http://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2015.2448731
Abstract: We report on the ineffectiveness of programming oxide-based resistive random access memory (OxRAM) at low current with a program and verify algorithm due to intrinsic relaxation of the verified distribution to the natural state distribution obtained by single-pulse programming without verify process. Based on oxygen defect formation thermodynamics and on their diffusion barriers in amorphous HfOx and TaOx, we describe the intrinsic nature of tailing of the verified low resistive state and high resistive state distributions. We introduce different scenarios to explain fast distribution widening phenomenon, which is a fundamental limitation for OxRAM current scaling and device reliability.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.048
Times cited: 33
DOI: 10.1109/LED.2015.2448731
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“Uniform strain in heterostructure tunnel field-effect transistors”. Verreck D, Verhulst AS, Van de Put ML, Sorée B, Collaert N, Mocuta A, Thean A, Groeseneken G, IEEE electron device letters 37, 337 (2016). http://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2016.2519681
Abstract: Strain can strongly impact the performance of III-V tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs). However, previous studies on homostructure TFETs have found an increase in ON-current to be accompanied with a degradation of subthreshold swing. We perform 30-band quantum mechanical simulations of staggered heterostructure p-n-i-n TFETs submitted to uniaxial and biaxial uniform stress and find the origin of the subthreshold degradation to be a reduction of the density of states in the strained case. We apply an alternative configuration including a lowly doped pocket in the source, which allows to take full benefit of the strain-induced increase in ON-current.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 3.048
Times cited: 17
DOI: 10.1109/LED.2016.2519681
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“Determination of ultimate leakage through rutile TiO2 and tetragonal ZrO2 from ab initio complex band calculations”. Clima S, Kaczer B, Govoreanu B, Popovici M, Swerts J, Verhulst AS, Jurczak M, De Gendt S, Pourtois G, IEEE electron device letters 34, 402 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2013.2238885
Abstract: First-principle complex band structures have been computed for rutile TiO2 and tetragonal ZrO2 insulating materials that are of current technological relevance to dynamic random accessmemorymetal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors. From the magnitude of the complex wave vectors in different orientations, the most penetrating orientations have been identified. Tunneling effective masses m(tunnel) have been extracted, are shown to be a crucial parameter for the intrinsic leakage, and are identified to be an important parameter in further scaling of MIM capacitors.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.048
Times cited: 3
DOI: 10.1109/LED.2013.2238885
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“Superior reliability of junctionless pFinFETs by reduced oxide electric field”. Toledano-Luque M, Matagne P, Sibaja-Hernandez A, Chiarella T, Ragnarsson L-A, Sorée B, Cho M, Mocuta A, Thean A, IEEE electron device letters 35, 1179 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2014.2361769
Abstract: Superior reliability of junctionless (JL) compared with inversion-mode field-effect transistors (FETs) is experimentally demonstrated on bulk FinFET wafers. The reduced negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) of JL pFETs outperforms the previously reported best NBTI reliability data obtained with Si channel devices and guarantees 10-year lifetime at typical operating voltages and high temperature. This behavior is understood through the reduced oxide electric field and lessened interaction between charge carriers and oxide traps during device operation. These findings encourage the investigation of JL devices with alternative channels as a promising alternative for 7-nm technology nodes meeting reliability targets.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 3.048
Times cited: 13
DOI: 10.1109/LED.2014.2361769
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“Temperature-dependent modeling and characterization of through-silicon via capacitance”. Katti G, Stucchi M, Velenis D, Sorée B, de Meyer K, Dehaene W, IEEE electron device letters 32, 563 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2011.2109052
Abstract: A semianalytical model of the through-silicon via (TSV) capacitance for elevated operating temperatures is derived and verified with electrical measurements. The effect of temperature on the increase in TSV capacitance over different technology parameters is explored, and it is shown that higher oxide thickness reduces the impact of temperature rise on TSV capacitance, while with low doped substrates, which are instrumental for reducing the TSV capacitance, the sensitivity of TSV capacitance to temperature is large and cannot be ignored.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 3.048
Times cited: 27
DOI: 10.1109/LED.2011.2109052
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“Numerical simulation of hydrocarbon plasmas for nanoparticle formation and the growth of nanostructured thin films”. Neyts E, Eckert M, Mao M, Bogaerts A, Plasma physics and controlled fusion 51, 124034 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/51/12/124034
Abstract: This paper outlines two different numerical simulation approaches, carried out by our group, used for describing hydrocarbon plasmas in their applications for either nanoparticle formation in the plasma or the growth of nanostructured thin films, such as nanocrystalline diamond (NCD). A plasma model based on the fluid approach is utilized to study the initial mechanisms giving rise to nanoparticle formation in an acetylene plasma. The growth of NCD is investigated by molecular dynamics simulations, describing the interaction of the hydrocarbon species with a substrate.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 2.392
Times cited: 2
DOI: 10.1088/0741-3335/51/12/124034
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