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“Vortex charge in mesoscopic superconductors”. Yampolskii SV, Baelus BJ, Peeters FM, Kolá·ek J, Physical review : B : condensed matter and materials physics 64, 144511 (2001). http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.64.144511
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 3.836
Times cited: 14
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.144511
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“Vortex states in superconducting rings”. Baelus BJ, Peeters FM, Schweigert VA, Physical review : B : condensed matter and materials physics 61, 9734 (2000). http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.61.9734
Abstract: The superconducting state. of a thin superconducting disk with a hole is studied within the, nonlinear Ginzburg-Landau theory in which the demagnetization effect is accurately taken into account. We find that the flux through the hole is not quantized, the superconducting state is stabilized with increasing size of the hole for fixed radius of the disk, and a transition to a multivortex state is found if the disk is sufficiently large. Breaking the circular symmetry through a non-central-location of the hole in the disk favors the multivortex state.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 3.836
Times cited: 78
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.9734
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“Barrier permeation effects on the inversion layer subband structure and its applications to the electron mobility”. Lujan GS, Magnus W, Sorée B, Ragnarsson LA, Trojman L, Kubicek S, De Gendt S, Heyns A, De Meyer K, Microelectronic engineering 80, 82 (2005). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2005.04.047
Abstract: The electron wave functions in the inversion layer are analyzed in the case where the dielectric barriers are not infinite. This forces the electron concentration closer to the interface silicon/oxide and reduces the subband energy. This treatment of the inversion layer is extended to the calculation of the electron mobility degradation due to remote Coulomb scattering on a high-k dielectric stacked transistor. The subband energy reduction leads to a decrease of the scattering charge needed to explain the experimental results. This model can also fit better the experimental data when compared with the case where no barrier permeation is considered.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 1.806
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.1016/j.mee.2005.04.047
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“ALN nanoparticles XANES analysis: local atomic and electronic structure”. Soldatov A, Yalovega G, Smolentsev G, Kravtsova A, Lamoen D, Balasubramanian C, Marcelli A, Cinque G, Bellucci S, Nuclear Instruments &, Methods In Physics Research Section A-Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors And Associated Equipment 575, 85 (2007). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2007.01.031
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT);
Impact Factor: 1.362
Times cited: 3
DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2007.01.031
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“Tailoring the functional properties of polyurethane foam with dispersions of carbon nanofiber for power generator applications”. Sathiyamoorthy S, Girijakumari G, Kannan P, Venugopal K, Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam S, Veluswamy P, De Wael K, Ikeda H, Applied surface science 449, 507 (2018). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.APSUSC.2018.01.088
Abstract: To produce effective thermoelectric nanocomposites, carbon nanofibers (CNF) incorporated polyurethane (PU) foams with nanocomposites are prepared via in-situ polymerization method to create a synergy that would produce a high thermopower. The formation mechanism of foams, the reaction kinetics, and the physical properties such as density and water absorption studied before and after CNF incorporation. The microscopy images showed a uniform dispersion of CNF in the PU matrix of the prepared foams. Spectroscopic studies such as X-ray photoelectron and laser Raman spectroscopy suggested the existence of a tight intermolecular binding interaction between the carbon nanofibers and the PU matrix in the prepared composite foams. It found that the thermopower is directly dependent on the concentration of carbon nanofiber since, with rising concentration of 1%3%, the coefficient values increased from 1.2 μV/K to 11.9 μV/K respectively, a value higher than that of earlier report. This unique nanocomposite offers a new opportunity to recycle waste heat in portable/wearable electronics and other applications, which will broaden the development of low weight and mechanical flexibility.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.387
Times cited: 4
DOI: 10.1016/J.APSUSC.2018.01.088
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“Multiply connected mesoscopic superconductors”. Baelus BJ, Peeters FM, Modern physics letters B
T2 –, 3rd International Conference on Modern Problems in Superconductivity, SEP 09-14, 2002, YALTA, UKRAINE 17, 527 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1142/S021798490300555X
Abstract: Multiply connected mesoscopic: superconductors are considered within the framework of the nonlinear Ginzburg-Landau theory. The two coupled nonlinear equations are solved numerically and we investigated the properties of a superconducting ring, two concentric rings, and an asymmetric ring. We find that (i) for a mesoscopic superconducting ring the flux through the hole is not quantized, (ii) two concentric mesoscopic superconducting rings are magnetically coupled and the interaction energy increases with increasing sample thickness, and (iii) in asymmetric rings, a stationary phase slip state is predicted.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 0.617
DOI: 10.1142/S021798490300555X
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“Electron microscopy and X-ray study of the growth of FeCr2S4 spinel single crystals by chemical vapour transport”. Volkov VV, van Heurck C, van Landuyt J, Amelinckx S, Zhukov EG, Polulyak ES, Novotortsev VM, Crystal research and technology 28, 1051 (1993). http://doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170280804
Abstract: The growth features of FeCr2S4 spinel single crystals prepared by chemical vapour transport were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high resolution electron microscopy, electron diffraction and X-ray analysis. Our results indicate that the epitaxial growth of the new phases FeCr7S12 and FeCr8S12, both based on the NiAs structure, can essentially inhibit the growth of large FeCr2S4 spinel single crystals in the octahedral habit. The new phases are fully characterised and the effects of defect ordering in these new phases are also reported.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 0.935
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.1002/crat.2170280804
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“Gross alpha and beta activities of airborne particulate samples from Wawel Royal Castle Museum in Cracow, Poland”. Akbulut S, Krupinska B, Worobiec A, Čevik U, Taskin H, Van Grieken R, Samek L, Wiłkojć, E, Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 295, 1567 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1007/S10967-012-1983-8
Abstract: Soils are complex mixtures of organic, inorganic materials, and metal compounds from anthropogenic sources. In order to identify the pollution sources, their magnitude and development, several X-ray analytical methods were applied in this study. The concentrations of 16 elements were determined in all the soil samples using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Soils of unknown origin were observed by scanning electron microscopy equipped with a Si(Li) X-ray detector using Monte Carlo simulation approach. The mineralogical analyses were carried out using X-ray diffraction spectrometry. Due to the correlations between heavy metals and oxide compounds, the samples were analyzed also by electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) in order to have information about their oxide contents. On the other hand, soil pH and salinity levels were identified owing to their influence between heavy metal and soil-surface chemistry. Moreover, the geoaccumulation index (I geo) enables the assessment of contamination by comparing current and pre-industrial concentrations.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
DOI: 10.1007/S10967-012-1983-8
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“Crystallography of fullerites and related graphene textures”. van Landuyt J, Van Tendeloo G, Amelinckx S, Zhang XF, Zhang XB, Luyten W, Materials science forum 150/151, 53 (1994)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
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“Using the macroscopic scale to predict the nano-scale behavior of YSZ thin films”. Lamas JS, Leroy WP, Lu Y-G, Verbeeck J, Van Tendeloo G, Depla D, Surface and coatings technology 238, 45 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.10.034
Abstract: In this work, Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin films were deposited using dual reactive magnetron sputtering. By varying the deposition conditions, the film morphology and texture of the thin films are tuned and biaxial alignment is obtained. Studying the crystallographic and microstructural properties of the YSZ thin films, a tilted columnar growth was identified. This tilt is shown to be dependent on the compositional gradient of the sample. The variation of composition within a single YSZ column measured via STEM-EDX is demonstrated to be equal to the macroscopic variation on a full YSZ sample when deposited under the same deposition parameters. A simple stress model was developed to predict the tilt of the growing columns. The results indicate that this model not only determines the column bending of the growing film but also confirms that a macroscopic approach is sufficient to determine the compositional gradient in a single column of the YSZ thin films. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.589
Times cited: 8
DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.10.034
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“Spectrometric determination of silicon in food and biological samples: an interlaboratory trial”. van Dyck K, Robberecht H, van Cauwenbergh R, Deelstra H, Arnaud J, Willemyns L, Benijts F, Centeno JA, Taylor H, Soares ME, Bastos ML, Ferreira MA, d'Haese PC, Lamberts LV, Hoenig M, Knapp G, Lugowski SJ, Moens L, Riondato J, Van Grieken R, Claes M, Verheyen R, Clement L, Uytterhoeven M, Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry 15, 735 (2000). http://doi.org/10.1039/B000572J
Abstract: Accuracy and precision of silicon determination in biological matrices (serum, urine, water, beer and spinach) by spectrometric techniques (when necessary after acid destruction) were assessed by means of a collaborative interlaboratory trial. The trial was set up in accordance with ISO 5725-2 (1994). The relative overall repeatability standard deviation was acceptable. It varied between 4% for spinach powder (mean content: 176 mg kg(-1)) and 11% for serum (mean content: 5.33 mg L-1). On the other hand, the relative overall between-laboratory standard deviation was found to vary from a satisfactorily 15% for spinach after destruction (mean content: 3.32 mg L-1) to an unacceptable 107% for spinach powder (mean content: 176 mg kg(-1)). The overall conclusion of the trial was that silicon determination in biological matrices can properly be performed by spectrometric techniques. However, when sample pretreatment (i.e., acid destruction) is needed prior to silicon determination problems still remain.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology; Pathophysiology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1039/B000572J
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“The uptake of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles in the water-flea Daphnia magna under acute exposure scenarios”. Adam N, Leroux F, Knapen D, Bals S, Blust R, Environmental pollution 194, 130 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.037
Abstract: In this study the uptake of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles by Daphnia magna was tested. Daphnids were exposed during 48 h to acute concentrations of the nanoparticles and corresponding metal salts. The Daphnia zinc and copper concentration was measured and the nanoparticles were localized using electron microscopy. The aggregation and dissolution in the medium was characterized. A fast dissolution of ZnO in the medium was observed, while most CuO formed large aggregates and only a small fraction dissolved. The Daphnia zinc concentration was comparable for the nanoparticles and salts. Contrarily, a much higher Daphnia copper concentration was observed in the CuO exposure, compared to the copper salt. CuO nanoparticles adsorbed onto the carapace and occurred in the gut but did not internalize in the tissues. The combined dissolution and uptake results indicate that the toxicity of both nanoparticle types was caused by metal ions dissolved from the particles in the medium.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Veterinary physiology and biochemistry
Impact Factor: 5.099
Times cited: 45
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.037
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“Hydrothermal synthesis of carbonate-free submicron-sized barium titanate from an amorphous precursor : synthesis and characterization”. Özen M, Mertens M, Luyten J, Snijkers F, d' Hondt H, Cool P, Ceramics international 38, 619 (2012). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2011.07.051
Abstract: In this paper, the amorphous barium titanate precursor was prepared by the peroxo-hydroxide method and post-treated by various drying procedures, such as: room temperature drying, room temperature vacuum drying and vacuum drying at 50 degrees C. The objective in the latter two treatments was to increase the Ti-O-Ba bonds of the precursor. The post-treated precursors were compared with the untreated (i.e., 'wet') precursor. Also, a barium titanate precursor was prepared by an alkoxide route. Afterwards, the precursors were hydrothermally treated at 200 degrees C in a 10 M NaOH solution. Vacuum drying of the precursor seemingly promoted the formation of Ti-O-Ti bonds in the hydrothermal end-product. The low Ba:Ti ratio (0.66) of the alkoxide-route prepared precursor lead to a multi-phase hydrothermal product with BaTiO(3) as the main phase. In contrast, phase pure BaTiO(3), i.e. without BaCO(3) contamination, was obtained for the precursor which was dried at room temperature. Cube-shaped and highly crystalline BaTiO(3) particles were observed by electron microscopy for the hydrothermally treated peroxo-hydroxide-route prepared precursor. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
Impact Factor: 2.986
Times cited: 14
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2011.07.051
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“The texture of catalytically grown coil-shaped carbon nanotubes”. Zhang XB, Zhang XF, Bernaerts D, Van Tendeloo G, Amelinckx S, van Landuyt J, Ivanov V, Nagy JB, Lambin P, Lucas AA, Europhysics letters 27, 141 (1994). http://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/27/2/011
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.095
Times cited: 168
DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/27/2/011
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“An in-depth study of Sn substitution in Li-rich/Mn-rich NMC as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries”. Paulus A, Hendrickx M, Bercx M, Karakulina OM, Kirsanova MA, Lamoen D, Hadermann J, Abakumov AM, Van Bael MK, Hardy A, Journal of the Chemical Society : Dalton transactions 49, 10486 (2020). http://doi.org/10.1039/D0DT01047B
Abstract: Layered Li-rich/Mn-rich NMC (LMR-NMC) is characterized by high initial specific capacities of more than 250 mA h g(-1), lower cost due to a lower Co content and higher thermal stability than LiCoO2. However, its commercialisation is currently still hampered by significant voltage fade, which is caused by irreversible transition metal ion migration to emptied Li positionsviatetrahedral interstices upon electrochemical cycling. This structural change is strongly correlated with anionic redox chemistry of the oxygen sublattice and has a detrimental effect on electrochemical performance. In a fully charged state, up to 4.8 Vvs.Li/Li+, Mn4+ is prone to migrate to the Li layer. The replacement of Mn4+ for an isovalent cation such as Sn4+ which does not tend to adopt tetrahedral coordination and shows a higher metal-oxygen bond strength is considered to be a viable strategy to stabilize the layered structure upon extended electrochemical cycling, hereby decreasing voltage fade. The influence of Sn4+ on the voltage fade in partially charged LMR-NMC is not yet reported in the literature, and therefore, we have investigated the structure and the corresponding electrochemical properties of LMR-NMC with different Sn concentrations. We determined the substitution limit of Sn4+ in Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54-xSnxO2 by powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy to be x approximate to 0.045. The limited solubility of Sn is subsequently confirmed by density functional theory calculations. Voltage fade for x= 0 andx= 0.027 has been comparatively assessed within the 3.00 V-4.55 V (vs.Li/Li+) potential window, from which it is concluded that replacing Mn4+ by Sn4+ cannot be considered as a viable strategy to inhibit voltage fade within this window, at least with the given restricted doping level.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 4
DOI: 10.1039/D0DT01047B
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“Towards harmonization of water quality management : a comparison of chemical drinking water and surface water quality standards around the globe”. Van Winckel T, Cools J, Vlaeminck SE, Joos P, Van Meenen E, Borregán-Ochando E, Van Den Steen K, Geerts R, Vandermoere F, Blust R, Journal Of Environmental Management 298, 113447 (2021). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2021.113447
Abstract: Water quality standards (WQS) set the legal definition for safe and desirable water. WQS impose regulatory concentration limits to act as a jurisdiction-specific legislative risk-management tool. Despite its importance in shaping a universal definition of safe, clean water, little information exists with respect to (dis)similarity of chemical WQS worldwide. Therefore, this paper compares chemical WQS for drinking and surface water matrices in eight jurisdictions representing a global geographic distribution: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, the European Union, the region of Flanders in Belgium, the United States of America, and South Africa. The World Health Organization's list is used as a reference for drinking water standards. Sørensen–Dice indices (SDI) showed little qualitative similarity in the compounds that are regulated in drinking water (median SDI = 40%) and surface water (median SDI = 33%), indicating that the heterogeneity within a matrix is substantial at the level of the standard. Quantitative similarity for matching standards was higher than the qualitative per Kendall correlation (median = 0.73 and 0.58 for drinking water and surface water respectively), yet variance observed within standards remained inexplicably high for organic compounds. Variations in WQS were more pronounced for organic compounds. Most differences cannot be easily explained from a toxicological or risk-based point-of-view. Historical development, ease of measurement, and (toxicological) knowledge gaps on the risk of a vast number of organic compounds are theorized to be the drivers. Therefore, this study argues for a more tailored, risk-based approach in which standards incorporated into water safety plans are dynamically set for compounds that are persistent and could pose a risk for human health and/or aquatic ecosystems. Global variations in WQS should therefore not necessarily be avoided but rather globally harmonized with enough flexibility to ensure a global, up-to-date definition of safe and desirable water everywhere.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL); Centre for Research on Environmental and Social Change
Impact Factor: 4.01
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2021.113447
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“Correlation of serum aluminium values with tissue aluminium concentration”. de Broe ME, van de Vijver FL, Bekaert AB, d'Haese P, Paulus GJ, Visser WJ, Van Grieken R, de Wolff FA, Verbueken AH, Contributions to nephrology 38, 37 (1984)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; Pathophysiology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
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“Real-space mapping of electronic orbitals”. Stefan Löffler, Matthieu Bugnet, Nicolas Gauquelin, Sorin Lazar, Elias Assmann, Karsten Held, Gianluigi A Botton, Peter Schattschneider, Ultramicroscopy 177, 26 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2017.01.018
Abstract: Electronic states are responsible for most material properties, including chemical bonds, electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as optical and magnetic properties. Experimentally, however, they remain mostly elusive. Here, we report the real-space mapping of selected transitions between p and d states on the Ångström scale in bulk rutile (TiO2) using electron energy-loss spectrometry (EELS), revealing information on individual bonds between atoms. On the one hand, this enables the experimental verification of theoretical predictions about electronic states. On the other hand, it paves the way for directly investigating electronic states under conditions that are at the limit of the current capabilities of numerical simulations such as, e.g., the electronic states at defects, interfaces, and quantum dots.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.843
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2017.01.018
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“Bandgap measurement of high refractive index materials by off-axis EELS”. Vatanparast M, Egoavil R, Reenaas TW, Verbeeck J, Holmestad R, Vullum PE, Ultramicroscopy 182, 92 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ULTRAMIC.2017.06.019
Abstract: In the present work Cs aberration corrected and monochromated scanning transmission electron microscopy electron energy loss spectroscopy (STEM-EELS) has been used to explore experimental setups that allow bandgaps of high refractive index materials to be determined. Semi-convergence and collection angles in the mu rad range were combined with off-axis or dark field EELS to avoid relativistic losses and guided light modes in the low loss range to contribute to the acquired EEL spectra. Off-axis EELS further supressed the zero loss peak and the tail of the zero loss peak. The bandgap of several GaAs-based materials were successfully determined by simple regression analyses of the background subtracted EEL spectra. The presented set-up does not require that the acceleration voltage is set to below the. Cerenkov limit and can be applied over the entire acceleration voltage range of modern TEMs and for a wide range of specimen thicknesses. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.843
Times cited: 3
DOI: 10.1016/J.ULTRAMIC.2017.06.019
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“Demonstration of a 2 × 2 programmable phase plate for electrons”. Verbeeck J, Béché, A, Müller-Caspary K, Guzzinati G, Luong MA, Den Hertog M, Ultramicroscopy 190, 58 (2018). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2018.03.017
Abstract: First results on the experimental realisation of a 2 × 2 programmable phase plate for electrons are presented. The design consists of an array of electrostatic elements that influence the phase of electron waves passing through 4 separately controllable aperture holes. This functionality is demonstrated in a conventional transmission electron microscope operating at 300 kV and results are in very close agreement with theoretical predictions. The dynamic creation of a set of electron probes with different phase symmetry is demonstrated, thereby bringing adaptive optics in TEM one step closer to reality. The limitations of the current design and how to overcome these in the future are discussed. Simulations show how further evolved versions of the current proof of concept might open new and exciting application prospects for beam shaping and aberration correction.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.843
Times cited: 73
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2018.03.017
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“Exploring possibilities of band gap measurement with off-axis EELS in TEM”. Korneychuk S, Partoens B, Guzzinati G, Ramaneti R, Derluyn J, Haenen K, Verbeeck J, Ultramicroscopy 189, 76 (2018). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ULTRAMIC.2018.03.021
Abstract: A technique to measure the band gap of dielectric materials with high refractive index by means of energy electron loss spectroscopy (EELS) is presented. The technique relies on the use of a circular (Bessel) aperture and suppresses Cherenkov losses and surface-guided light modes by enforcing a momentum transfer selection. The technique also strongly suppresses the elastic zero loss peak, making the acquisition, interpretation and signal to noise ratio of low loss spectra considerably better, especially for excitations in the first few eV of the EELS spectrum. Simulations of the low loss inelastic electron scattering probabilities demonstrate the beneficial influence of the Bessel aperture in this setup even for high accelerating voltages. The importance of selecting the optimal experimental convergence and collection angles is highlighted. The effect of the created off-axis acquisition conditions on the selection of the transitions from valence to conduction bands is discussed in detail on a simplified isotropic two band model. This opens the opportunity for deliberately selecting certain transitions by carefully tuning the microscope parameters. The suggested approach is experimentally demonstrated and provides good signal to noise ratio and interpretable band gap signals on reference samples of diamond, GaN and AlN while offering spatial resolution in the nm range. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 2.843
Times cited: 7
DOI: 10.1016/J.ULTRAMIC.2018.03.021
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“Efficient first principles simulation of electron scattering factors for transmission electron microscopy”. Susi T, Madsen J, Ludacka U, Mortensen JJ, Pennycook TJ, Lee Z, Kotakoski J, Kaiser U, Meyer JC, Ultramicroscopy 197, 16 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ULTRAMIC.2018.11.002
Abstract: Electron microscopy is a powerful tool for studying the properties of materials down to their atomic structure. In many cases, the quantitative interpretation of images requires simulations based on atomistic structure models. These typically use the independent atom approximation that neglects bonding effects, which may, however, be measurable and of physical interest. Since all electrons and the nuclear cores contribute to the scattering potential, simulations that go beyond this approximation have relied on computationally highly demanding all-electron calculations. Here, we describe a new method to generate ab initio electrostatic potentials when describing the core electrons by projector functions. Combined with an interface to quantitative image simulations, this implementation enables an easy and fast means to model electron scattering. We compare simulated transmission electron microscopy images and diffraction patterns to experimental data, showing an accuracy equivalent to earlier all-electron calculations at a much lower computational cost.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.843
Times cited: 3
DOI: 10.1016/J.ULTRAMIC.2018.11.002
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“Dynamic scattering theory for dark-field electron holography of 3D strain fields”. Lubk A, Javon E, Cherkashin N, Reboh S, Gatel C, Hytch M, Ultramicroscopy 136, 42 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2013.07.007
Abstract: Dark-held electron holography maps strain in crystal lattices into reconstructed phases over large fields of view. Here we investigate the details of the lattice strain-reconstructed phase relationship by applying dynamic scattering theory both analytically and numerically. We develop efficient analytic linear projection rules for 3D strain fields, facilitating a straight-forward calculation of reconstructed phases from 3D strained materials. They are used in the following to quantify the influence of various experimental parameters like strain magnitude, specimen thickness, excitation error and surface relaxation. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.843
Times cited: 18
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2013.07.007
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“Dynamical effects in strain measurements by dark-field electron holography”. Javon E, Lubk, Cours R, Reboh S, Cherkashin N, Houdellier F, Gatel C, Hytch MJ, Ultramicroscopy 147, 70 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.06.005
Abstract: Here, we study the effect of dynamic scattering on the projected geometric phase and strain maps reconstructed using dark-field electron holography (DFEH) for non-uniformly strained crystals. The investigated structure consists of a {SiGe/Si} superlattice grown on a (001)-Si substrate. The three dimensional strain held within the thin TEM lamella is modelled by the finite element method. The observed projected strain is simulated in two ways by multiplying the strain at each depth in the crystal by a weighting function determined from a recently developed analytical two-beam dynamical theory, and by simply taking the average value. We demonstrate that the experimental results need to be understood in terms of the dynamical theory and good agreement is found between the experimental and simulated results. Discrepancies do remain for certain cases and are likely to be from an imprecision in the actual two-beam diffraction conditions, notably the deviation parameter, and points to limitations in the 2-beam approximation. Finally, a route towards a 3D reconstruction of strain fields is proposed. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.843
Times cited: 10
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.06.005
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“Electron diffraction effects of conical, helically wound, graphite whiskers”. Luyten W, Krekels T, Amelinckx S, Van Tendeloo G, van Dyck D, van Landuyt J, Ultramicroscopy 49, 123 (1993). http://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3991(93)90219-N
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
Impact Factor: 2.436
Times cited: 14
DOI: 10.1016/0304-3991(93)90219-N
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“Prospects for versatile phase manipulation in the TEM : beyond aberration correction”. Guzzinati G, Clark L, Béché, A, Juchtmans R, Van Boxem R, Mazilu M, Verbeeck J, Ultramicroscopy 151, 85 (2015). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.10.007
Abstract: In this paper we explore the desirability of a transmission electron microscope in which the phase of the electron wave can be freely controlled. We discuss different existing methods to manipulate the phase of the electron wave and their limitations. We show how with the help of current techniques the electron wave can already be crafted into specific classes of waves each having their own peculiar properties. Assuming a versatile phase modulation device is feasible, we explore possible benefits and methods that could come into existence borrowing from light optics where the so-called spatial light modulators provide programmable phase plates for quite some time now. We demonstrate that a fully controllable phase plate building on Harald Rose׳s legacy in aberration correction and electron optics in general would open an exciting field of research and applications.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.843
Times cited: 19
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.10.007
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“Quantitative atomic resolution mapping using high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy”. Van Aert S, Verbeeck J, Erni R, Bals S, Luysberg M, van Dyck D, Van Tendeloo G, Ultramicroscopy 109, 1236 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2009.05.010
Abstract: A model-based method is proposed to relatively quantify the chemical composition of atomic columns using high angle annular dark field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images. The method is based on a quantification of the total intensity of the scattered electrons for the individual atomic columns using statistical parameter estimation theory. In order to apply this theory, a model is required describing the image contrast of the HAADF STEM images. Therefore, a simple, effective incoherent model has been assumed which takes the probe intensity profile into account. The scattered intensities can then be estimated by fitting this model to an experimental HAADF STEM image. These estimates are used as a performance measure to distinguish between different atomic column types and to identify the nature of unknown columns with good accuracy and precision using statistical hypothesis testing. The reliability of the method is supported by means of simulated HAADF STEM images as well as a combination of experimental images and electron energy-loss spectra. It is experimentally shown that statistically meaningful information on the composition of individual columns can be obtained even if the difference in averaged atomic number Z is only 3. Using this method, quantitative mapping at atomic resolution using HAADF STEM images only has become possible without the need of simultaneously recorded electron energy loss spectra.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
Impact Factor: 2.843
Times cited: 166
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2009.05.010
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“Laser microprobe mass spectrometry of platinum in dog kidney after cisplatin adminstration”. Verbueken AH, Van Grieken RE, Paulus GJ, Verpooten GA, de Broe ME, Biomedical mass spectrometry 11, 159 (1984). http://doi.org/10.1002/BMS.1200110404
Abstract: By means of laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) platinum was detected in the renal proximal tubular cells of a dog that had been intravenously adminstered the antitumor drug cisplatin (5 mg per kg body weight). No definite subcellular localization of the heavy metal was obtained. Sample prparation and analytical features are examined to increase spatial resolution of analysis while maintaining sufficient detection efficiency. The LAMMA method is destructive, but the amount and type of evaporated material can readily be determined when using LAMMA in combination with transmission electron microscopy. Instrumental optimization and standardization of mass signals is possible by using platinum-loaded, ion chelating resin beads embedded and sectioned with the tissue.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
DOI: 10.1002/BMS.1200110404
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“A techno-economic evaluation of a biomass energy conversion park”. Van Dael M, Van Passel S, Pelkmans L, Guisson R, Reumermann P, Luzardo NM, Witters N, Broeze J, Applied Energy 104, 611 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.APENERGY.2012.11.071
Abstract: Biomass as a renewable energy source has many advantages and is therefore recognized as one of the main renewable energy sources to be deployed in order to attain the target of 20% renewable energy use of final energy consumption by 2020 in Europe. In this paper the concept of a biomass Energy Conversion Park (ECP) is introduced. A biomass ECP can be defined as a synergetic, multi-dimensional biomass conversion site with a highly integrated set of conversion technologies in which a multitude of regionally available biomass (residue) sources are converted into energy and materials. A techno-economic assessment is performed on a case study in the Netherlands to illustrate the concept and to comparatively assess the highly integrated system with two mono-dimensional models. The three evaluated models consist of (1) digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, (2) co-digestion of manure and co-substrates, and (3) integration. From a socio-economic point of view it can be concluded that it is economically and energetically more interesting to invest in the integrated model than in two separate models. The integration is economically feasible and environmental benefits can be realized. For example, the integrated model allows the implementation of a co-digester. Unmanaged manure would otherwise represent a constant pollution risk. However, from an investor's standpoint one should firstly invest in the municipal solid waste digester since the net present value (NPV) of this mono-dimensional model is higher than that of the multi-dimensional model. A sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the most influencing parameters. Our results are of interest for companies involved in the conversion of biomass. The conclusions are useful for policy makers when deciding on policy instruments concerning manure processing or biogas production. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
Impact Factor: 7.182
Times cited: 45
DOI: 10.1016/J.APENERGY.2012.11.071
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“Concentration profiles of metal contaminants in fluvial sediments of a rural-urban drainage basin in Tanzania”. Hellar-Kihampa H, Potgieter-Vermaak S, De Wael K, Lugwisha E, van Espen P, Van Grieken R, International journal of environmental analytical chemistry 94, 77 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2013.791976
Abstract: This study investigated concentration profiles of trace, rare earth and platinum group metals in fluvial sediments from the Pangani river basin (43,650 km2), one of the largest river basins in Tanzania, to assess its environmental quality. Sediment samples were collected in two distinct seasons from 12 representative sites of diverse land-use practices and characterised by ICP-MS after optimised microwave digestion. Ecological risks were assessed by evaluation of pollution index and comparison with legislated sediment quality guidelines (SQG). The results revealed contamination by some trace metals (e.g. Pb, V, Cu, Cr, Ni, Cd, As, Co, Mn and Zn) in concentrations ranging from 0.7 to 2940 mg kg−1, and four rare earth elements (Y, Ce, Nd, Yb) in concentrations ranging from 0.9 (Yb) to 500 mg kg−1 dry weight (Ce), which significantly exceeded the estimated background values at some stations. Palladium was the only platinum group element that was detected in quantifiable concentrations (0.33.5 mg kg−1). Concentrations of some trace metals exceeded the SQGs at some localised areas. Principal component analysis and multivariate correlations indicated geochemical characteristics of the area as the major control of metal concentrations and spatial variability. Organic matter and clay contents also played a significant role in metal distributions. Assessment of land-use practices upstream of the sampling locations was used to trace potential anthropogenic sources of metal enrichments, where highest levels were found in areas close to urban centres and agricultural activities. The study provides baseline data for future monitoring programs, and highlights the need for more comprehensive analysis involving a wider spatio-temporal scale and ecotoxicological risk assessment.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 1.208
Times cited: 5
DOI: 10.1080/03067319.2013.791976
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