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Author Gorbanev, Y.; Privat-Maldonado, A.; Bogaerts, A.
Title Analysis of Short-Lived Reactive Species in Plasma–Air–Water Systems: The Dos and the Do Nots Type A1 Journal Article
Year 2018 Publication Analytical Chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem
Volume 90 Issue 22 Pages 13151-13158
Keywords A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
Abstract This Feature addresses the analysis of the reactive species generated by nonthermal atmospheric

pressure plasmas, which are widely employed in industrial and biomedical research, as well as first

clinical applications. We summarize the progress in detection of plasma-generated short-lived

reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in aqueous solutions, discuss the potential and limitations of

various analytical methods in plasma−liquid systems, and provide an outlook on the possible future

research goals in development of short-lived reactive species analysis methods for a general

nonspecialist audience.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000451246100002 Publication Date 2018-11-20
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) 0003-2700 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 6.32 Times cited 17 Open Access Not_Open_Access
Notes European Commission, 743151 ; This work was supported by the European Marie Sklodowska- Curie Individual Fellowship within Horizon2020 (“LTPAM”, Grant No. 743151). Approved Most recent IF: 6.32
Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:156301 Serial 5152
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Author Aghaei, M.; Bogaerts, A.
Title Flowing Atmospheric Pressure Afterglow for Ambient Ionization: Reaction Pathways Revealed by Modeling Type A1 Journal article
Year 2021 Publication Analytical Chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem
Volume 93 Issue 17 Pages 6620-6628
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract We describe the plasma chemistry in a helium flowing atmospheric pressure afterglow (FAPA) used for analytical spectrometry, by means of a quasione-dimensional (1D) plasma chemical kinetics model. We study the effect of typical impurities present in the feed gas, as well as the afterglow in ambient humid air. The model provides the species density profiles in the discharge and afterglow regions and the chemical pathways. We demonstrate that H, N, and O atoms are formed in the discharge region, while the dominant reactive neutral species in the afterglow are O3 and NO. He* and He2* are responsible for Penning ionization of O2, N2, H2O, H2, and N, and especially O and H atoms. Besides, He2+ also contributes to ionization of N2, O2, H2O, and O through charge transfer reactions. From the pool of ions created in the discharge, NO+ and (H2O)3H+ are the dominant ions in the afterglow. Moreover, negatively charged clusters, such as NO3H2O− and NO2H2O−, are formed and their pathway is discussed as well. Our model predictions are in line with earlier observations in the literature about the important reagent ions and provide a comprehensive overview of the underlying pathways. The model explains in detail why helium provides a high analytical sensitivity because of high reagent ion formation by both Penning ionization and charge transfer. Such insights are very valuable for improving the analytical performance of this (and other) ambient desorption/ionization source(s).
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000648505900008 Publication Date 2021-05-04
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) 0003-2700 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 6.32 Times cited Open Access OpenAccess
Notes Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, 6713 ; The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO) grant number 6713. The computational work was carried out using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UA), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (Department EWI), and the UA. The authors also thank J. T. Shelley for providing experimental data for the gas velocity behind the anode disk and before the mass spectrometer interface, to validate our model. Approved Most recent IF: 6.32
Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:178126 Serial 6762
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Author Adams, F.; Adriaens, A.; Bogaerts, A.
Title Can plasma spectrochemistry assist in improving the accuracy of chemical analysis? Type A1 Journal article
Year 2002 Publication Analytica chimica acta Abbreviated Journal Anal Chim Acta
Volume 456 Issue Pages 63-75
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos 000174676000007 Publication Date 2002-10-14
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) 0003-2670; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 4.95 Times cited 6 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 4.95; 2002 IF: 2.114
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:38375 Serial 272
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Author Cidu, R.; Fanfani, L.; Shaud, P.; Edmunds, W.M.; Van 't dack, L.; Gijbels, R.
Title Determination of gold at the ultratrace level in natural waters Type A1 Journal article
Year 1994 Publication Analytica chimica acta Abbreviated Journal Anal Chim Acta
Volume 296 Issue Pages 295-304
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos A1994PM14000010 Publication Date 2002-07-25
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) 0003-2670; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 4.513 Times cited 20 Open Access
Notes Approved no
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:10252 Serial 668
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Author Shazali, I.; Van 't dack, L.; Gijbels, R.
Title Determination of precious metals in ores and rocks by thermal neutron activation/\gamma-spectrometry after preconcentration by nickel sulphide fire assay and coprecipitation with tellurium Type A1 Journal article
Year 1987 Publication Analytica chimica acta Abbreviated Journal Anal Chim Acta
Volume 196 Issue Pages 49-58
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract The six platinum group elements (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt) can be determined in geological samples down to the μg kg−1 level, by using nickel sulphide fire assay and neutron activation of the residue ramaining after dissolution of the nickel sulphide button in concentrated hydrochloric acid. Losses for the platinum group elements during this dissolution step are usually insignificant, except when the elements are present at ultra-trace levels. The can be recovered from the filtrate by coprecipitation with tellerium. The latter approach also permits determination of silver, which is significantly lost in the hydrochloric acid treatment (recovery <98% instead of typically ≈ 10%). The coprecipitation with tellurium considerably improves the results for gold (recovery ≈ 95% instead of typically 75%).
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos A1987K058900006 Publication Date 2002-07-25
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) 0003-2670; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 4.513 Times cited 49 Open Access
Notes Approved no
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:111403 Serial 670
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Author Gijbels, R.; Dams, R.
Title Determination of silicon in natural and pollution aerosols by 14-MeV neutron activation analysis Type A1 Journal article
Year 1973 Publication Analytica chimica acta Abbreviated Journal Anal Chim Acta
Volume 63 Issue 2 Pages 369-381
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract The determination of silicon via the 28Si(n,p)28 Al reaction by means of 14-MeV neutrons is applied to the analysis of pollution and natural aerosols. A Whatman 41 filter (40 cm2) on which airborne particulate material has been collected is compressed into a 3 × 12.7 mm pellet. Standards are prepared in the same way from clean filters spiked with a silicate solution. After a 50-s irradiation and a 75-s decay time, the sample is counted for 2 min with 5 × 5 NaI(Tl) well detector. The 1.779-MeV photopeak of 28Al is measured with a single channel sealer chain or with a multichannel analyser. The reproducibility, sensitivity and liability to interference from other elements were investigated for both counting systems. The homogeneity of the pellets and the filters was checked. The overall precision of one single-channel determination was estimated to be 3.5% after a 24-h high-volume sampling time. Samples collected in urban, industrial and remote areas with concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 15 μg Si m-3 air were analysed and the results are discussed.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos A1973O944700013 Publication Date 2002-07-25
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) 0003-2670; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 4.513 Times cited 16 Open Access
Notes Approved no
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:116365 Serial 672
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Author van Grieken, R.; Gijbels, R.; Speecke, A.; Hoste, J.
Title The determination of silicon in steel by 14-mev neutron activation analysis Type A1 Journal article
Year 1968 Publication Analytica chimica acta Abbreviated Journal Anal Chim Acta
Volume 43 Issue Pages 199-209
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract A fast (25 min) non-destructive determination of silicon in steel by 14-MeV neutron activation is described. The 1.78-MeV 28Al activity, induced by the reaction 28Si(n,p)28Al, is counted on a NaI(Tl) detector. An oxygen flux monitor is used to normalise to the same neutron flux. Two methods are described to correct for the 56Mn activity (2.58 h), induced into the iron matrix via 56Fe(n,p)56Mn. Nuclear interferences of phosphorus and aluminium have been examined. Special attention has been paid to stainless steels. A sensitivity of 0.02 to 0.05% of silicon is obtained. The precision is 2 to 3% for steels containing above 1% silicon, and 7% for 0.1% of silicon.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos A1968C007600004 Publication Date 2002-07-25
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) 0003-2670; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 4.513 Times cited 19 Open Access
Notes Approved no
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:116357 Serial 673
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Author van Grieken, R.; Gijbels, R.; Speecke, A.; Hoste, J.
Title Internal standard activation analysis of silicon in steel Type A1 Journal article
Year 1968 Publication Analytica chimica acta Abbreviated Journal Anal Chim Acta
Volume 43 Issue Pages 381-395
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract Non-destructive 14-MeV neutron activation analysis for silicon in steel has been applied with 56Mn as internal standard.56Mn is formed from the iron matrix via the 56Fe(n,p)56Mn reaction. Several methods of internal standardisation via56Mn are discussed. The 0.84-MeV photopeak of 56Mn is recommended if steel samples of about the same composition are to be analysed. Chemically analysed steel samples are used as silicon standards. A precision of 0.7% was obtained for an analysis plus standardisation time of 13 min. Special attention was paid to interferences produced by concentration changes of impurity elements. Several possible sources of errors were investigated.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos A1968C185100003 Publication Date 2002-07-25
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) 0003-2670; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 4.513 Times cited 14 Open Access
Notes Approved no
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:116358 Serial 1701
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Author Struyf, H.; van Roy, W.; van Vaeck, L.; van Grieken, R.; Gijbels, R.; Caravatti, P.
Title Laser microprobe Fourier transform mass spectrometer with external ion source for organic and inorganic microanalysis Type A1 Journal article
Year 1993 Publication Analytica chimica acta Abbreviated Journal Anal Chim Acta
Volume 283 Issue Pages 139-151
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos A1993MK02800013 Publication Date 2002-07-25
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) 0003-2670; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 4.513 Times cited 17 Open Access
Notes Approved no
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:6141 Serial 1793
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Author Vandecasteele, C.; van Grieken, R.; Gijbels, R.; Speecke, A.
Title Systematic errors in 14-MeV neutron activation analysis for oxygen : part 1 : neutron and γ-ray attenuation effects Type A1 Journal article
Year 1973 Publication Analytica chimica acta Abbreviated Journal Anal Chim Acta
Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 187-196
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract A detailed account is given of neutron and γ-ray attenuation effects in 14-MeV neutron activation analysis of oxygen. Appropriate neutron cross-section values have been determined in two different ways and compared with literature values. It appears that the attenuation process is best described in terms of nonelastic scattering cross-sections. It is also shown that the narrow beam total γ-ray attenuation coefficients at 6 MeV, given in the literature are suitable for correction purposes if 16N γ-rays are counted with a window of 4.56.5 MeV. Attention was paid to the contribution of β-rays when the 16N activity is counted in this energy interval with a NaI(Tl) detector.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos A1973P353000003 Publication Date 2002-07-25
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) 0003-2670; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 4.513 Times cited 11 Open Access
Notes Approved CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL 54/144 Q2 # PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR & CHEMICAL 9/35 Q2 #
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:116363 Serial 3464
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Author Vandecasteele, C.; van Grieken, R.; Gijbels, R.; Speecke, A.
Title Systematic errors in 14-MeV neutron activation analysis for oxygen : part 2 : a general standardization method for the determination of oxygen Type A1 Journal article
Year 1973 Publication Analytica chimica acta Abbreviated Journal Anal Chim Acta
Volume 65 Issue 1 Pages 1-17
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract A general standardization method is described for the determination of oxygen in solid samples via the 16O(n,p)16N reaction. Two systems of flux monitoring are considered: the sample versus standard comparator method and BF3 monitoring. The average flux in sample and standard, fast neutron shielding, fast neutron scattering, absorption of fast neutrons, absorption of 16N γ-rays and counting efficiency of sample and standard are considered. The influence of the target diameter on the obtained correction factors has also been studied. Total achievable accuracy is believed to be about 1%.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor
Language Wos A1973Q019300001 Publication Date 2002-07-25
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) 0003-2670; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 4.513 Times cited 12 Open Access
Notes Approved
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:116364 Serial 3465
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Author Neyts, E.C.; van Duin, A.C.T.; Bogaerts, A.
Title Changing chirality during single-walled carbon nanotube growth : a reactive molecular dynamics/Monte Carlo study Type A1 Journal article
Year 2011 Publication Journal of the American Chemical Society Abbreviated Journal J Am Chem Soc
Volume 133 Issue 43 Pages 17225-17231
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract The growth mechanism and chirality formation of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) on a surface-bound nickel nanocluster are investigated by hybrid reactive molecular dynamics/force-biased Monte Carlo simulations. The validity of the interatomic potential used, the so-called ReaxFF potential, for simulating catalytic SWNT growth is demonstrated. The SWNT growth process was found to be in agreement with previous studies and observed to proceed through a number of distinct steps, viz., the dissolution of carbon in the metallic particle, the surface segregation of carbon with the formation of aggregated carbon clusters on the surface, the formation of graphitic islands that grow into SWNT caps, and finally continued growth of the SWNT. Moreover, it is clearly illustrated in the present study that during the growth process, the carbon network is continuously restructured by a metal-mediated process, thereby healing many topological defects. It is also found that a cap can nucleate and disappear again, which was not observed in previous simulations. Encapsulation of the nanoparticle is observed to be prevented by the carbon network migrating as a whole over the cluster surface. Finally, for the first time, the chirality of the growing SWNT cap is observed to change from (11,0) over (9,3) to (7,7). It is demonstrated that this change in chirality is due to the metal-mediated restructuring process.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Washington, D.C. Editor
Language Wos 000297380900026 Publication Date 2011-10-06
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) 0002-7863;1520-5126; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 13.858 Times cited 116 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 13.858; 2011 IF: 9.907
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:92043 Serial 309
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Author Neyts, E.C.; van Duin, A.C.T.; Bogaerts, A.
Title Insights in the plasma-assisted growth of carbon nanotubes through atomic scale simulations : effect of electric field Type A1 Journal article
Year 2012 Publication Journal of the American Chemical Society Abbreviated Journal J Am Chem Soc
Volume 134 Issue 2 Pages 1256-1260
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nowadays routinely grown in a thermal CVD setup. State-of-the-art plasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD) growth, however, offers advantages over thermal CVD. A lower growth temperature and the growth of aligned freestanding single-walled CNTs (SWNTs) makes the technique very attractive. The atomic scale growth mechanisms of PECVD CNT growth, however, remain currently entirely unexplored. In this contribution, we employed molecular dynamics simulations to focus on the effect of applying an electric field on the SWNT growth process, as one of the effects coming into play in PECVD. Using sufficiently strong fields results in (a) alignment of the growing SWNTs, (b) a better ordering of the carbon network, and (c) a higher growth rate relative to thermal growth rate. We suggest that these effects are due to the small charge transfer occurring in the Ni/C system. These simulations constitute the first study of PECVD growth of SWNTs on the atomic level.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Washington, D.C. Editor
Language Wos 000301084300086 Publication Date 2011-11-30
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) 0002-7863;1520-5126; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 13.858 Times cited 56 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 13.858; 2012 IF: 10.677
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:97163 Serial 1673
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Author Ostrikov, K.; Neyts, E.C.; Meyyappan, M.
Title Plasma nanoscience : from nano-solids in plasmas to nano-plasmas in solids Type A1 Journal article
Year 2013 Publication Advances in physics Abbreviated Journal Adv Phys
Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages 113-224
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract The unique plasma-specific features and physical phenomena in the organization of nanoscale soild-state systems in a broad range of elemental composition, structure, and dimensionality are critically reviewed. These effects lead to the possibility to localize and control energy and matter at nanoscales and to produce self-organized nano-solids with highly unusual and superior properties. A unifying conceptual framework based on the control of production, transport, and self-organization of precursor species is introduced and a variety of plasma-specific non-equilibrium and kinetics-driven phenomena across the many temporal and spatial scales is explained. When the plasma is localized to micrometer and nanometer dimensions, new emergent phenomena arise. The examples range from semiconducting quantum dots and nanowires, chirality control of single-walled carbon nanotubes, ultra-fine manipulation of graphenes, nano-diamond, and organic matter to nano-plasma effects and nano-plasmas of different states of matter.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication London Editor
Language Wos 000320913600001 Publication Date 2013-06-18
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) 0001-8732;1460-6976; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 21.818 Times cited 380 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 21.818; 2013 IF: 18.062
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:108723 Serial 2639
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Author Khalilov, U.; Bogaerts, A.; Neyts, E.C.
Title Toward the Understanding of Selective Si Nano-Oxidation by Atomic Scale Simulations Type A1 Journal article
Year 2017 Publication Accounts of chemical research Abbreviated Journal Accounts Chem Res
Volume 50 Issue 50 Pages 796-804
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract The continuous miniaturization of nanodevices, such as transistors, solar cells, and optical fibers, requires the controlled synthesis of (ultra)thin gate oxides (<10 nm), including Si gate-oxide (SiO2) with high quality at the atomic scale. Traditional thermal growth of SiO2 on planar Si surfaces, however, does not allow one to obtain such ultrathin oxide due to either the high oxygen diffusivity at high temperature or the very low sticking ability of incident oxygen at low temperature. Two recent techniques, both operative at low (room) temperature, have been put forward to overcome these obstacles: (i) hyperthermal oxidation of planar Si surfaces and (ii) thermal or plasma-assisted oxidation of nonplanar Si surfaces, including Si nanowires (SiNWs). These nanooxidation processes are, however, often difficult to study experimentally, due to the key intermediate processes taking place on the nanosecond time scale.

In this Account, these Si nano-oxidation techniques are discussed from a computational point of view and compared to both hyperthermal and thermal oxidation experiments, as well as to well-known models of thermal oxidation, including the Deal−Grove, Cabrera−Mott, and Kao models and several alternative mechanisms. In our studies, we use reactive molecular dynamics (MD) and hybrid MD/Monte Carlo simulation techniques, applying the Reax force field. The incident energy of oxygen species is chosen in the range of 1−5 eV in hyperthermal oxidation of planar Si surfaces in order to prevent energy-induced damage. It turns out that hyperthermal growth allows for two growth modes, where the ultrathin oxide thickness depends on either (1) only the kinetic energy of the incident oxygen species at a growth temperature below Ttrans = 600 K, or (2) both the incident energy and the growth temperature at a growth temperature above Ttrans. These modes are specific to such ultrathin oxides, and are not observed in traditional thermal oxidation, nor theoretically considered by already existing models. In the case of thermal or plasma-assisted oxidation of small Si nanowires, on the other hand, the thickness of the ultrathin oxide is a function of the growth temperature and the nanowire diameter. Below Ttrans, which varies with the nanowire diameter, partially oxidized SiNW are formed, whereas complete oxidation to a SiO2 nanowire occurs only above Ttrans. In both nano-oxidation processes at lower temperature (T < Ttrans), final sandwich c-Si|SiOx|a-SiO2 structures are obtained due to a competition between overcoming the energy barrier to penetrate into Si subsurface layers and the compressive stress (∼2−3 GPa) at the Si crystal/oxide interface. The overall atomic-simulation results strongly indicate that the thickness of the intermediate SiOx (x < 2) region is very limited (∼0.5 nm) and constant irrespective of oxidation parameters. Thus, control over the ultrathin SiO2 thickness with good quality is indeed possible by accurately tuning the oxidant energy, oxidation temperature and surface curvature.

In general, we discuss and put in perspective these two oxidation mechanisms for obtaining controllable ultrathin gate-oxide films, offering a new route toward the fabrication of nanodevices via selective nano-oxidation.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000399859800016 Publication Date 2017-04-18
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) 0001-4842 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 20.268 Times cited 5 Open Access OpenAccess
Notes Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, 12M1315N ; Approved Most recent IF: 20.268
Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @ c:irua:142638 Serial 4561
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Author Meng, S.; Wu, L.; Liu, M.; Cui, Z.; Chen, Q.; Li, S.; Yan, J.; Wang, L.; Wang, X.; Qian, J.; Guo, H.; Niu, J.; Bogaerts, A.; Yi, Y.
Title Plasma‐driven<scp>CO2</scp>hydrogenation to<scp>CH3OH</scp>over<scp>Fe2O3</scp>/<scp>γ‐Al2O3</scp>catalyst Type A1 Journal Article
Year 2023 Publication AIChE Journal Abbreviated Journal AIChE Journal
Volume 69 Issue 10 Pages e18154
Keywords A1 Journal Article; chemisorbed oxygen, CO2 hydrogenation, iron-based catalyst, methanol production, plasma catalysis; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
Abstract We report a plasma‐assisted CO<sub>2</sub>hydrogenation to CH<sub>3</sub>OH over Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/γ‐Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>catalysts, achieving 12% CO<sub>2</sub>conversion and 58% CH<sub>3</sub>OH selectivity at a temperature of nearly 80°C atm pressure. We investigated the effect of various supports and loadings of the Fe‐based catalysts, as well as optimized reaction conditions. We characterized catalysts by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H<sub>2</sub>‐TPR), CO<sub>2</sub>and CO temperature programmed desorption (CO<sub>2</sub>/CO‐TPD), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Mössbauer, and Fourier transform infrared<bold>(</bold>FTIR). The XPS results show that the enhanced CO<sub>2</sub>conversion and CH<sub>3</sub>OH selectivity are attributed to the chemisorbed oxygen species on Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/γ‐Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Furthermore, the diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTs) and TPD results illustrate that the catalysts with stronger CO<sub>2</sub>adsorption capacity exhibit a higher reaction performance.<italic>In situ</italic>DRIFTS gain insight into the specific reaction pathways in the CO<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>plasma. This study reveals the role of chemisorbed oxygen species as a key intermediate, and inspires to design highly efficient catalysts and expand the catalytic systems for CO<sub>2</sub>hydrogenation to CH<sub>3</sub>OH.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 001022420000001 Publication Date 2023-07-07
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) 0001-1541 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 3.7 Times cited Open Access Not_Open_Access
Notes Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, DUT18JC42 ; National Natural Science Foundation of China, 21908016 21978032 ; Approved Most recent IF: 3.7; 2023 IF: 2.836
Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:197829 Serial 8959
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Author Charlier, E.; Gijbels, R.; Van Doorselaer, M.; De Keyzer, R.
Title Functioning of thiocyanate ions during sulphur and sulphur-plus-gold Sensitization Type P1 Proceeding
Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 172-176
Keywords P1 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract Not much about the effect of thiocyanate addition on the sulphur ripening is known, although it is used for many applications in photographic practice. Via a combination of tracer analysis and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy the effect of thiocyanate addition on the sulphur and sulphur-plus-gold ripening could be unveiled. When thiocyanate is added prior to the sulphur addition, it appears to rearrange the silver halide surface in such way that the sulphur deposition rate is enhanced, but the supply of interstitials is limited. Addition of thiocyanate after the sulphur reaction results in the formation of thiocyanate complexes with silver, from which a silver ion is more easily deposited in a surface cell of the silver sulphide clusters thus enhancing the sensitization rate. For sulphur-plus-gold sensitized emulsions it was observed that part of the gold ions could be removed out of the Ag2-xAuxS clusters by addition of thiocyanate ions and subsequent washing. Hence, it was concluded that two different types of gold ions are present in the silver sulphide clusters; 1. gold ions which are substitutional for silver (bound between sulphur and bromide ions) 2. gold ions which bridge two or three sulphur atoms. Incorporation of gold ions into silver sulphide clusters suppresses their optical absorption in diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Since the optical absorption at 505 nm can completely be restored by addition of thiocyanate, it is assumed that the entity absorbing at this wavelength is a monomer of silver sulphide.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Soc. imaging science technology Place of Publication Springfield Editor
Language Wos 000183315900047 Publication Date 0000-00-00
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) 0-89208-229-1 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record;
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:95775 Serial 1307
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Lenaerts, J.; Verlinden, G.; Gijbels, R.; Geuens, I.; Callant, P.
Title The exchange of fluorinated dyes between different types of silver halide microcrystals studied by time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) Type P1 Proceeding
Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 180-183
Keywords P1 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Soc Imaging Science Technology Place of Publication Springfield Editor
Language Wos 000183315900049 Publication Date 0000-00-00
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume 2000 Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) 0-89208-229-1 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record;
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:95776 Serial 3580
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Geuens, I.; Gijbels, R.; Dekeyzer, R.; Verbeeck, A.
Title Micro and surface analysis of individual silver halide microcrystals using a scanning ion microprobe Type P1 Proceeding
Year 1994 Publication Papers Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 27-30
Keywords P1 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Soc imaging science technology Place of Publication Springfield Editor
Language Wos A1994BC23W00013 Publication Date 0000-00-00
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) 0-89208-177-5 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record;
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes Approved PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER 16/67 Q1 #
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:95946 Serial 2021
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Oleshko, V.; Schryvers, D.; Gijbels, R.; Jacob, W.
Title Investigation of Ag, Ag2S and Ag(Br,I) small particles by HREM and AEM Type H3 Book chapter
Year 1998 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 293-294
Keywords H3 Book chapter; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication s.l. Editor
Language Wos Publication Date 0000-00-00
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:20553 Serial 1729
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Wendelen, W.; Autrique, D.; Bogaerts, A.
Title Space charge limited electron emission from a Cu surface under ultrashort pulsed laser irradiation Type A1 Journal article
Year 2010 Publication AIP conference proceedings Abbreviated Journal
Volume 1278 Issue Pages 407-415
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract In this theoretical study, the electron emission from a copper surface under ultrashort pulsed laser irradiation is investigated using a one dimensional particle in cell model. Thermionic emission as well as multi-photon photoelectron emission were taken into account. The emitted electrons create a negative space charge above the target, consequently the generated electric field reduces the electron emission by several orders of magnitude. The simulations indicate that the space charge effect should be considered when investigating electron emission related phenomena in materials under ultrashort pulsed laser irradiation of metals.the word abstract, but do replace the rest of this text. ©2010 American Institute of Physics
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication New York Editor
Language Wos 000287183900042 Publication Date 2010-10-19
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:88899 Serial 3058
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Bogaerts, A.
Title Glow discharge optical spectroscopy and mass spectrometry Type H1 Book chapter
Year 2016 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-31
Keywords H1 Book chapter; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract Atomic Spectroscopy Optical (atomic absorption spectroscopy, AAS; atomic emission spectroscopy, AES; atomic fluorescence spectroscopy, AFS; and optogalvanic spectroscopy) and mass spectrometric (magnetic sector, quadrupole mass analyzer, QMA; quadrupole ion trap, QIT; Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance, FTICR; and time-of-flight, TOF) instrumentation are well suited for coupling to the glow discharge (GD). The GD is a relatively simple device. A potential gradient (500–1500 V) is applied between an anode and a cathode. In most cases, the sample is also the cathode. A noble gas (mostly Ar) is introduced into the discharge region before power initiation. When a potential is applied, electrons are accelerated toward the anode. As these electrons accelerate, they collide with gas atoms. A fraction of these collisions are of sufficient energy to remove an electron from a support gas atom, forming an ion. These ions are, in turn, accelerated toward the cathode. These ions impinge on the surface of the cathode, sputtering sample atoms from the surface. Sputtered atoms that do not redeposit on the surface diffuse into the excitation/ionization regions of the plasma where they can undergo excitation and/or ionization via a number of collisional processes, and the photons or ions created in this way can be detected with optical emission spectroscopy or mass spectrometry. GD sources offer a number of distinct advantages that make them well suited for specific types of analyses. These sources afford direct analysis of solid samples, thus minimizing the sample preparation required for analysis. The nature of the plasma also provides mutually exclusive atomization and excitation processes that help to minimize the matrix effects that plague so many other elemental techniques. In recent years, there is also increasing interest for using GD sources for liquid and gas analyses. In this article, first, the principles of operation of the GD plasma are reviewed, with an emphasis on how those principles relate to optical spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Basic applications of the GD techniques are considered next. These include bulk analysis, surface analysis, and the analysis of solution and gaseous samples. The requirements necessary to obtain optical information are addressed following the analytical applications. This article focuses on the instrumentation needed to make optical measurements using the GD as an atomization/excitation source. Finally, mass spectrometric instrumentation and interfaces are addressed as they pertain to the use of a GD plasma as an ion source. GD sources provide analytically useful gas-phase species from solid samples. These sources can be interfaced with a variety of spectroscopic and spectrometric instruments for both quantitative and qualitative analyses.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher John Wiley & Sons Place of Publication Chichester Editor
Language Wos Publication Date 0000-00-00
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) ISBN 978-0-470-02731-8 Additional Links UA library record
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:132064 Serial 4187
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Bogaerts, A.
Title Glow discharge optical spectroscopy and mass spectrometry Type A1 Journal article
Year 2016 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords A1 Journal article; PLASMANT
Abstract Atomic Spectroscopy Optical (atomic absorption spectroscopy, AAS; atomic emission spectroscopy, AES; atomic fluorescence spectroscopy, AFS; and optogalvanic spectroscopy) and mass spectrometric (magnetic sector, quadrupole mass analyzer, QMA; quadrupole ion trap, QIT; Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance, FTICR; and time-of-flight, TOF) instrumentation are well suited for coupling to the glow discharge (GD). The GD is a relatively simple device. A potential gradient (500–1500 V) is applied between an anode and a cathode. In most cases, the sample is also the cathode. A noble gas (mostly Ar) is introduced into the discharge region before power initiation. When a potential is applied, electrons are accelerated toward the anode. As these electrons accelerate, they collide with gas atoms. A fraction of these collisions are of sufficient energy to remove an electron from a support gas atom, forming an ion. These ions are, in turn, accelerated toward the cathode. These ions impinge on the surface of the cathode, sputtering sample atoms from the surface. Sputtered atoms that do not redeposit on the surface diffuse into the excitation/ionization regions of the plasma where they can undergo excitation and/or ionization via a number of collisional processes, and the photons or ions created in this way can be detected with optical emission spectroscopy or mass spectrometry. GD sources offer a number of distinct advantages that make them well suited for specific types of analyses. These sources afford direct analysis of solid samples, thus minimizing the sample preparation required for analysis. The nature of the plasma also provides mutually exclusive atomization and excitation processes that help to minimize the matrix effects that plague so many other elemental techniques. In recent years, there is also increasing interest for using GD sources for liquid and gas analyses. In this article, first, the principles of operation of the GD plasma are reviewed, with an emphasis on how those principles relate to optical spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Basic applications of the GD techniques are considered next. These include bulk analysis, surface analysis, and the analysis of solution and gaseous samples. The requirements necessary to obtain optical information are addressed following the analytical applications. This article focuses on the instrumentation needed to make optical measurements using the GD as an atomization/excitation source. Finally, mass spectrometric instrumentation and interfaces are addressed as they pertain to the use of a GD plasma as an ion source. GD sources provide analytically useful gas-phase species from solid samples. These sources can be interfaced with a variety of spectroscopic and spectrometric instruments for both quantitative and qualitative analyses.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos Publication Date 2006-09-11
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA
Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @ Serial 4282
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Bogaerts, A.; Snoeckx, R.; Trenchev, G.; Wang, W.
Title Modeling for a Better Understanding of Plasma-Based CO2 Conversion Type H1 Book Chapter
Year 2018 Publication Plasma Chemistry and Gas Conversion Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords H1 Book Chapter; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
Abstract This chapter discusses modeling efforts for plasma-based CO2 conversion, which are needed to obtain better insight in the underlying mechanisms, in order to improve this application. We will discuss two types of (complementary) modeling efforts that are most relevant, that is, (i) modeling of the detailed plasma chemistry by zero-dimensional (0D) chemical kinetic models and (ii) modeling of reactor design, by 2D or 3D fluid dynamics models. By showing some characteristic calculation results of both models, for CO2 splitting and in combination with a H-source, and for packed bed DBD and gliding arc plasma, we can illustrate the type of information they can provide.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher IntechOpen Place of Publication Rijeka Editor Britun, N.; Silva, T.
Language Wos Publication Date 2018-12-19
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access Not_Open_Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA
Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @ Bogaerts18c:irua:155915 Serial 5142
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author van Cleempoel, A.; Gijbels, R.; van den Heuvel, H.; Claeys, M.
Title Analysis of C60 and C70 oxides by HPLC and low- and high-energy collision-induced dissocation tandem mass spectrometry Type P1 Proceeding
Year 1997 Publication Proceedings Symposium on Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Physics of Fullerenes and Related Materials, 191th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Montreal, Canada, 4-9 May 1997 Abbreviated Journal
Volume 4 Issue Pages 783-800
Keywords P1 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos A1997BJ44R00081 Publication Date 0000-00-00
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor Times cited 1 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:19150 Serial 99
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Bogaerts, A.; Schelles, W.; van Grieken, R.
Title Analysis of nonconducting materials by dc glow discharge spectrometry Type H3 Book chapter
Year 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 293-315
Keywords H3 Book chapter; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Wiley Place of Publication Chichester Editor
Language Wos Publication Date 0000-00-00
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:40196 Serial 101
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Veldeman, E.; Van 't dack, L.; Gijbels, R.; Campbell, M.; Vanhaecke, F.; Vanhoe, H.; Vandecasteele, C.
Title Analysis of thermal waters by ICP-MS Type H3 Book chapter
Year 1991 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 25-33
Keywords H3 Book chapter; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher The Royal Society of Chemistry Place of Publication Cambridge Editor
Language Wos Publication Date 0000-00-00
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes Approved no
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:707 Serial 105
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Gijbels, R.; van Grieken, R.
Title Application of analytical methods for trace elements in geothermal waters : part 1 : Amélie-les-Bains (Eastern Pyrenees) Type MA3 Book as author
Year 1977 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords MA3 Book as author; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication S.l. Editor
Language Wos Publication Date 0000-00-00
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes Approved no
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:117471 Serial 139
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Gijbels, R.; van Grieken, R.; Blommaert, W.; Van 't dack, L.; van Espen, P.; Nullens, H.; Saelens, R.
Title Application of analytical methods for trace elements in geothermal waters : part 2 : Plombières, Bains-les-Bains, Bourbonne (Vosges) Type MA3 Book as author
Year 1983 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords MA3 Book as author; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication S.l. Editor
Language Wos Publication Date 0000-00-00
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes Approved no
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:117472 Serial 140
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Geuens, I.; Nys, B.; Gijbels, R.; Jacob, W.
Title Application of neural networks in image analysis: the classification of geometrical shapes Type A3 Journal article
Year 1993 Publication CC-AI: the journal for the integrated study of artificial intelligence, cognitive science and applied epistemology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 10 Issue Pages 61-68
Keywords A3 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos Publication Date 0000-00-00
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN (down) ISBN Additional Links UA library record
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes Approved MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY 135/271 Q2 # PHYSICS, APPLIED 70/145 Q2 # PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER 40/67 Q3 #
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:6164 Serial 141
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