“Glow discharge optical spectroscopy and mass spectrometry”. Steiner RE, Barshick CM, Bogaerts A Wiley, Chichester, page 1 (2009).
Abstract: Optical (atomic absorption spectroscopy, AAS; atomic emission spectroscopy, AES; atomic fluorescence spectroscopy, AFS; and optogalvanic spectroscopy) and mass spectrometric (magnetic sector, quadrupolemass analyzer, QMA; quadrupole ion trap, QIT; Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance, FTICR; and time-of-flight, TOF) instrumentation are well suited for coupling to the glow discharge (GD). The GD is a relatively simple device. A potential gradient (5001500 V) is applied between an anode and a cathode. In most cases, the sample is also the cathode. A noble gas (e.g. Ar, Ne, and Xe) is introduced into the discharge region before power initiation. When a potential is applied, electrons are accelerated toward the anode. As these electrons accelerate, they collide with gas atoms. A fraction of these collisions are of sufficient energy to remove an electron from a support gas atom, forming an ion. These ions are, in turn, accelerated toward the cathode. These ions impinge on the surface of the cathode, sputtering sample atoms from the surface. Sputtered atoms that do not redeposit on the surface diffuse into the excitation/ionization regions of the plasma where they can undergo excitation and/or ionization via a number of collisional processes. GD sources offer a number of distinct advantages that make them well suited for specific types of analyses. These sources afford direct analysis of solid samples, thus minimizing the sample preparation required for analysis. The nature of the plasma also provides mutually exclusive atomization and excitation processes that help to minimize the matrix effects that plague so many other elemental techniques. Unfortunately, the GD source functions optimally in a dry environment, making analysis of solutions more difficult. These sources also suffer from difficulties associated with analyzing nonconductingsamples. In this article, first, the principles of operation of the GD plasma are reviewed, with an emphasis on how those principles relate to optical spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Basic applications of the GD techniques are considered next. These include bulk analysis, surface analysis, and the analysis of solution samples. The requirements necessary to obtain optical information are addressed following the analytical applications. This section focuses on the instrumentation needed to make optical measurements using the GD as an atomization/excitation source. Finally, mass spectrometric instrumentation and interfaces are addressed as they pertain to the use of a GD plasma as an ion source. GDsources provide analytically useful gas-phase species from solid samples. These sources can be interfaced with avariety of spectroscopic and spectrometric instruments for both quantitative and qualitative analysis.
Keywords: H1 Book chapter; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Glow discharges in emission and mass spectrometry”. Jakubowski N, Bogaerts A, Hoffmann V Blackwell, Sheffield (2003).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Improving dielectric barrier discharge efficiency by optimizing voltage profiles”. Martens T, Brok WJM, van Dijk J, Bogaerts A, , 95 (2009)
Keywords: P1 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“The influence of the secondary electron emission coefficient and effect of the gas heating on the calculated electrical characteristics of a grimm type glow discharge cell”. Derzsi A, Donko Z, Bogaerts A, Hoffmann V, , 285 (2008)
Abstract: Electron emission properties of cathode surfaces affect considerably the electrical characteristics of glow discharges. Using a heavy-particle hybrid model ill 2 dimensions, we investigate the influence of the secondary electron emission coefficient gamma oil the calculated discharge characteristics for both 'clean' and 'dirty' cathode surface conditions, and assuming a constant gamma parameter as well. The effect of the gas heating and the role of the heavy particles reflected from the cathode on this process is also studied.
Keywords: P1 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Interactions between DC plasma and HF fields”. Cenian A, Chernukho A, Leys C, Bogaerts A, , 389 (2001)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Investigation of the electron distribution functions in low pressure electron cyclotron resonance discharges”. Kaganovich I, Misina M, Bogaerts A, Gijbels R Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, page 543 (1999).
Keywords: H1 Book chapter; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Ionization density in hydrocarbon flames: numerical modelling”. Migoun A, Cenian A, Chernukho A, Bogaerts A, Gijbels R, Leys C, , 130 (2004)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Langmuir probe diagnostic of high pressure plasmas: study by PIC-MC modelling”. Cenian A, Chernukho A, Bogaerts A, Gijbels R, Leys C, , 61 (2004)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Longitudinal hollow cathode copper ion laser: optimization of excitation and geometry”. Mihailova D, Grozeva M, Bogaerts A, Gijbels R, Sabotinov N, , 49 (2003)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Modeling aspects of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of carbon-based materials”. Neyts E, Mao M, Eckert M, Bogaerts A CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla, page 245 (2012).
Keywords: H1 Book chapter; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Modeling network for argon glow discharge plasmas with copper cathode”. Bogaerts A, Gijbels R Nova, New York, page 1 (2002).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Modeling network for argon glow discharges: the output cannot be better than the input”. Bogaerts A, Gijbels R American Institute of Physics, Melville, N.Y., page 49 (2000).
Keywords: H1 Book chapter; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Times cited: 1
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“Modeling of a dielectric barrier discharge used as a flowing chemical reactor”. Petrovic D, Martens T, van Dijk J, Brok WJM, Bogaerts A, , 262 (2008)
Keywords: P1 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Modeling of a dielectric barrier discharge used as a flowing chemical reactor”. Petrović, D, Martens T, van Dijk J, Brok WJM, Bogaerts A, Journal of physics : conference series 133, 012023 (2008). http://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/133/1/012023
Abstract: Our aim is to develop and optimize a model for a dielectric barrier discharge used as a chemical reactor for gas treatment. In order to determine the optimum operating conditions, we have studied the influence of the gas flow rate, reactor geometry and applied voltage parameters on the discharge characteristics. For this purpose, a two-dimensional time-dependent fluid model has been applied to an atmospheric pressure DBD in helium with nitrogen impurities, in a cylindrical geometry. The numerical model is based on the continuity and flux equations for each type of particles treated, the electron energy equation and the Poisson equation. The gas flow is incorporated in the flux equations as a source term. The set of coupled partial differential equations is solved by the so-called modified strongly implicit method. The background gas flow is numerically treated separately, assuming in the model that there is no influence of the plasma on the flow. Indeed, the gas convection velocity is calculated using the commercial code Fluent and it is used as input into the 2D fluid model. The plasma characteristics have been studied in terms of gas flow rate, applied voltage amplitude and frequency, and geometrical effects. The electric currents as a function of time for a given applied potential have been obtained, as well as the number densities and fluxes of plasma species.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Times cited: 6
DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/133/1/012023
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“Modeling of glow discharge ion sources for mass spectrometry: potentials and limitations”. Gijbels R, Bogaerts A, Spectroscopy 9, 8 (1997)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Modeling of glow discharges: what can we learn from it?”.Bogaerts A, Gijbels R, Analytical chemistry A-pages 69, 719 (1997)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Modeling of magnetron and glow discharges”. Bogaerts A, Kolev I, Le vide: science, technique et applications 57, 296 (2002)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Modeling of plasma and plasma-surface interactions for medical, environmental and nano applications”. Bogaerts A, Aerts R, Snoeckx R, Somers W, Van Gaens W, Yusupov M, Neyts E, Journal of physics : conference series 399, 012011 (2012). http://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/399/1/012011
Abstract: In this paper, an overview is given of modeling investigations carried out in our research group for a better understanding of plasmas used for medical, environmental and nano applications. The focus is both on modeling the plasma chemistry and the plasma-surface interactions. The plasma chemistry provides the densities and fluxes of the important plasma species. This information can be used as input when modeling the plasma-surface interactions. The combination of plasma simulations and plasma – surface interaction simulations provides a more comprehensive understanding of the underlying processes for these applications.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Times cited: 7
DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/399/1/012011
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“Modeling of radio-frequency and direct current glow discharges in argon”. Bogaerts A, Gijbels R, Journal of technical physics 41, 183 (2000)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Modeling of the magnetron discharge”. Bogaerts A, Kolev I, Buyle G Springer, Berlin, page 61 (2008).
Keywords: H1 Book chapter; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Modeling of the synthesis and subsequent growth of nanoparticles in dusty plasmas”. de Bleecker K, Bogaerts A, High temperature material processes 11, 21 (2007). http://doi.org/10.1615/HighTempMatProc.v11.i1.20
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
DOI: 10.1615/HighTempMatProc.v11.i1.20
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“Modeling PECVD growth of nanostructured carbon materials”. Neyts E, Bogaerts A, van de Sanden MCM, High temperature material processes 13, 399 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1615/HighTempMatProc.v13.i3-4.120
Abstract: We present here some of our modeling efforts for PECVD growth of nanostructured carbon materials with focus on amorphous hydrogenated carbon. Experimental data from an expanding thermal plasma setup were used as input for the simulations. Attention was focused both on the film growth mechanism, as well as on the hydrocarbon reaction mechanisms during growth of the films. It is found that the reaction mechanisms and sticking coefficients are dependent on the specific surface sites, and the structural properties of the growth radicals. The film growth results are in correspondence with the experiment. Furthermore, it is found that thin a-C:H films can be densified using an additional H-flux towards the substrate.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
DOI: 10.1615/HighTempMatProc.v13.i3-4.120
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“Modeling the growth of SWNTs and graphene on the atomic scale”. Neyts EC, Bogaerts A, ECS transactions 45, 73 (2012). http://doi.org/10.1149/1.3700454
Abstract: The possibility of application of nanomaterials is determined by our ability to control the properties of the materials, which are ultimately determined by their structure and hence their growth processes. We employ hybrid molecular dynamics / Monte Carlo (MD/MC) simulations to explore the growth of SWNTs and graphene on nickel as a catalyst, with the specific goal of unraveling the growth mechanisms. While the general observations are in agreement with the literature, we find a number of interesting phenomena to be operative which are crucial for the growth, and which are not accessible by MD simulations alone due to the associated time scale. Specifically, we observe metal mediated healing and restructuring processes to take place, reorganizing the carbon network during the initial nucleation step. In the case of carbon nanotube growth, this leads to the growth of tubes with a determinable chirality. In the case of graphene formation, we find that graphene is only formed at temperatures above 700 K. These results are of importance for understanding the growth mechanisms of these carbon nanomaterials on the fundamental level.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Times cited: 2
DOI: 10.1149/1.3700454
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“Modelleren van plasmas gebruikt voor de afzetting van dunne lagen”. Herrebout D, Bogaerts A, Gijbels R, Chemie magazine , 34 (2004)
Keywords: A2 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Modelling of a dielectric barrier glow discharge at atmospheric pressure in nitrogen”. Madani M, Bogaerts A, Gijbels R, Vangeneugden D, , 130 (2002)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Modelling of formation and transport of nanoparticles in silane discharges”. de Bleecker K, Bogaerts A, Goedheer WJ, Gijbels R, , 0 (2004)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Modelling of radio frequency capacitively coupled plasma at intermediate pressures”. Berezhnoi S, Kaganovich I, Bogaerts A, Gijbels R Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, page 525 (1999).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Nanoparticle growth and transport mechanisms in capacitively coupled silane discharges: a numerical investigation”. de Bleecker K, Bogaerts A, Goedheer WJ, , 201 (2005)
Keywords: P1 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“New developments and applications in GDMS”. Bogaerts A, Gijbels R, Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 364, 367 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1007/s002160051352
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Times cited: 17
DOI: 10.1007/s002160051352
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“Numerical modeling for a better understanding of gas discharge plasmas”. Bogaerts A, de Bleecker K, Georgieva V, Herrebout D, Kolev I, Madani M, Neyts E, High temperature material processes 9, 321 (2005). http://doi.org/10.1615/HighTempMatProc.v9.i3.10
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.1615/HighTempMatProc.v9.i3.10
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