“Biocompatibility and corrosion behavior of the shape memory NiTi alloy in the physiological environments simulated with body fluids for medical applications”. Khalil-Allafi J, Amin-Ahmadi B, Zare M, Materials science and engineering: part C: biomimetic materials 30, 1112 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2010.06.007
Abstract: Due to unique properties of NiTi shape memory alloys such as high corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, super elasticity and shape memory behavior, NiTi shape memory alloys are suitable materials for medical applications. Although TiO2 passive layer in these alloys can prevent releasing of nickel to the environment, high nickel content and stability of passive layer in these alloys are very debatable subjects. In this study a NiTi shape memory alloy with nominal composition of 50.7 atom% Ni was investigated by corrosion tests. Electrochemical tests were performed in two physiological environments of Ringer solution and NaCl 0.9% solution. Results indicate that the breakdown potential of the NiTi alloy in NaCl 0.9% solution is higher than that in Ringer solution. The results of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) reveal that low pitting corrosion occurred in Ringer solution compared with NaCl solution at potentiostatic tests. The pH value of the solutions increases after the electrochemical tests. The existence of hydride products in the X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the decrease of the concentration of hydrogen ion in solutions. Topographical evaluations show that corrosion products are nearly same in all samples. The biocompatibility tests were performed by reaction of mouse fibroblast cells (L929). The growth and development of cells for different times were measured by numbering the cells or statistics investigations. The figures of cells for different times showed natural growth of cells. The different of the cell numbers between the test specimen and control specimen was negligible; therefore it may be concluded that the NiTi shape memory alloy is not toxic in the physiological environments simulated with body fluids.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 4.164
Times cited: 34
DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2010.06.007
|
“How to manipulate nanoparticles with an electron beam?”.Verbeeck J, Tian H, Van Tendeloo G, Advanced materials 25, 1114 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201204206
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 19.791
Times cited: 75
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201204206
|
“A new mixed-valence ferrite with a cubic structure, YBaFe4O7: spin-glass-like behavior”. Caignaert V, Abakumov AM, Pelloquin D, Pralong V, Maignan A, Van Tendeloo G, Raveau B, Chemistry of materials 21, 1116 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1021/cm803312f
Abstract: A new mixed-valence ferrite, YBaFe4O7, has been synthesized. Its unique cubic structure, with a = 8.9595(2) Å, is closely related to that of the hexagonal 114 oxides YBaCo4O7 and CaBaFe4O7. It consists of corner-sharing FeO4 tetrahedra, forming triangular and kagome layers parallel to (111)C. In fact, the YBaFe4O7 and CaBaFe4O7 structures can be described as two different ccc and chch close packings of [BaO3]∞ and [O4]∞ layers, respectively, whose tetrahedral cavities are occupied by Fe2+/Fe3+ cations. The local structure of YBaFe4O7 is characterized by a large amount of stacking faults originating from the presence of hexagonal layers in the ccc cubic close-packed YBaFe4O7 structure. In this way, they belong to the large family of spinels and hexagonal ferrites studied for their magnetic properties. Differently from all the ferrites and especially from CaBaFe4O7, which are ferrimagnetic, YBaFe4O7 is an insulating spin glass with Tg = 50 K.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 9.466
Times cited: 39
DOI: 10.1021/cm803312f
|
“Synthesis and structural investigations on the new Sr1.32Mn0.83Cu0.17O3 compound”. Abakumov AM, Mironov AV, Govorov VA, Lobanov MV, Rozova MG, Antipov EV, Lebedev OI, Van Tendeloo G, Solid state sciences 5, 1117 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1016/S1293-2558(03)00141-9
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.811
Times cited: 8
DOI: 10.1016/S1293-2558(03)00141-9
|
“Unit cell determination in CuZr martensite by EM and X-ray diffraction”. Schryvers D, Firstov GS, Seo JW, van Humbeeck J, Koval YN, Scripta materialia 36, 1119 (1997)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 3.747
Times cited: 76
|
“Control of the interfacial wettability to synthesize highly dispersed PtPd nanocrystals for efficient oxygen reduction reaction”. Wei H, Hu Z-Y, Xiao Y-X, Tian G, Ying J, Van Tendeloo G, Janiak C, Yang X-Y, Su B-L, Chemistry: an Asian journal 13, 1119 (2018). http://doi.org/10.1002/ASIA.201800191
Abstract: Highly dispersed PtPd bimetallic nanocrystals with enhanced catalytic activity and stability were prepared by adjusting the interfacial wettability of the reaction solution on a commercial carbon support. This approach holds great promise for the development of high-performance and low-cost catalysts for practical applications.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 4.083
Times cited: 3
DOI: 10.1002/ASIA.201800191
|
“Synthesis, cation ordering, and magnetic properties of the (Sb1-xPbx)2(Mn1-ySby)O4 solid solutions with the Sb2MnO4-type structure”. Abakumov AM, Rozova MG, Antipov EV, Hadermann J, Van Tendeloo G, Lobanov MV, Greenblatt M, Croft M, Tsiper EV, Llobet A, Lokshin KA, Zhao Y, Chemistry of materials 17, 1123 (2005). http://doi.org/10.1021/cm048791h
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 9.466
Times cited: 16
DOI: 10.1021/cm048791h
|
“Analytical TEM investigations on concentration gradients surrounding Ni4Ti3 precipitates in Ni-Ti shape memory material”. Yang Z, Tirry W, Schryvers D, Scripta materialia 52, 1129 (2005). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.02.013
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 3.747
Times cited: 49
DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.02.013
|
“P-N Junction Passivation in Kesterite Solar Cells by Use of Solution-Processed TiO2 Layer”. Ranjbar S, Hadipour A, Vermang B, Batuk M, Hadermann J, Garud S, Sahayaraj S, Meuris M, Brammertz G, da Cunha AF, Poortmans J, IEEE journal of photovoltaics 7, 1130 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2017.2692208
Abstract: In this work, we used a solution-processed TiO2 layer between Cu2ZnSnSe4 and CdS buffer layer to reduce the recombination at the p–n junction. Introducing the TiO2 layer showed a positive impact on VOC but fill factor and efficiency decreased. Using a KCN treatment, we could create openings in the TiO2 layer, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy measurements. Formation of these openings in the TiO2 layer led to the improvement of the short-circuit current, fill factor, and the efficiency of the modified solar cells.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 3.712
Times cited: 2
DOI: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2017.2692208
|
“Accurate measurements of atomic displacements in La0.9Sr0.1MnO3 thin films grown on a SrTiO3 substrate”. Geuens P, Lebedev OI, van Dyck D, Van Tendeloo G s.l., page 1133 (2000).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
|
“Crystallographic aspects related to the high pressure-high temperature phase transformation of boron nitride”. Nistor LC, Van Tendeloo G, Dincã, G, Philosophical magazine 85, 1145 (2005). http://doi.org/10.1080/14786430412331325058
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.505
Times cited: 13
DOI: 10.1080/14786430412331325058
|
“TEM annular objective apertures fabricated by FIB”. Bals S, Radmilovic V, Kisielowski C, Microscopy and microanalysis 10, 1148 (2004). http://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927604881765
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.891
DOI: 10.1017/S1431927604881765
|
“Implementation of micro-ball nanodiamond anvils for high-pressure studies above 6 Mbar”. Dubrovinsky L, Dubrovinskaia N, Prakapenka VB, Abakumov AM, Nature communications 3, 1163 (2012). http://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2160
Abstract: Since invention of the diamond anvil cell technique in the late 1950s for studying materials at extreme conditions, the maximum static pressure generated so far at room temperature was reported to be about 400 GPa. Here we show that use of micro-semi-balls made of nanodiamond as second-stage anvils in conventional diamond anvil cells drastically extends the achievable pressure range in static compression experiments to above 600 GPa. Micro-anvils (10-50 mu m in diameter) of superhard nano-diamond (with a grain size below similar to 50 nm) were synthesized in a large volume press using a newly developed technique. In our pilot experiments on rhenium and gold we have studied the equation of state of rhenium at pressures up to 640 GPa and demonstrated the feasibility and crucial necessity of the in situ ultra high-pressure measurements for accurate determination of material properties at extreme conditions.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 12.124
Times cited: 150
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2160
|
“Synthesis and magnetic properties of rare earth ruthenates, Ln5Ru2O12 (Ln=Pr, Nd, SmTb)”. Bharathy M, Gemmill WR, Fox AH, Darriet J, Smith MD, Hadermann J, Remy MS, zur Loye H-C, Journal of solid state chemistry 182, 1164 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2009.02.013
Abstract: Single crystals of Ln5Ru2O12 (Ln=Pr, Nd, SmTb) were grown out of either NaOH or KOH fluxes in sealed silver tubes. The crystals of all the phases were observed to be twinned as confirmed by TEM studies. The series crystallize in the C2/m monoclinic system with lattice parameters, a=12.4049(4)12.7621(6) Å, b=5.8414(2)5.9488(3) Å, c=7.3489(2)7.6424(4) Å, β=107.425(3)107.432(2)° and Z=2. The crystal structure is isotypic with the defect/disorder model of Ln5Re2O12 (Ln = Y, Gd) and consists of one dimensional edge shared RuO6 octahedral chains separated by a two dimensional LnOx polyhedral framework. Magnetic measurements indicate paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic behavior for Ln=Nd, SmGd and Ln=Tb, respectively.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.299
Times cited: 4
DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2009.02.013
|
“TEM investigation of the microstructure and defects of CuZr martensite: 1: morphology and twin systems”. Seo JW, Schryvers D, Acta materialia 46, 1165 (1998). http://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(97)00333-9
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 5.301
Times cited: 46
DOI: 10.1016/S1359-6454(97)00333-9
|
“Ga segregation in DyBa2Cu3O7-\delta/PrBa2Cu3-xGaxO7-\delta/DyBa2Cu3O7-\delta ramp-type Josephson junctions”. Verbist K, Lebedev OI, Van Tendeloo G, Verhoeven MAJ, Rijnders AJHM, Blank DHA, Rogalia H, Applied physics letters 70, 1167 (1997)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 3.411
Times cited: 8
|
“Multi-functional copper oxide nanosystems for H2 sustainable production and sensing”. Gasparotto A, Barreca D, Fornasiero P, Gombac V, Lebedev O, Maccato C, Montini T, Tondello E, Van Tendeloo G, Comini E, Sberveglieri G, ECS transactions 25, 1169 (2009)
Abstract: This work focuses on the use of tailored copper oxide nanoarchitectures as multi-functional materials for the sustainable production of hydrogen and its on-line detection. An innovative copper(II) precursor, Cu(hfa)2TMEDA, was adopted in the CVD of CuxO (x=1,2) nanosystems under both O2 and O2+H2O atmospheres on Si(100) and Al2O3 substrates. A multi-technique characterization indicates that both the phase composition (from Cu2O to CuO) and morphology (from continuous films to entangled quasi-1D nanosystems) can be tailored by varying the growth temperature and reaction atmosphere. The obtained CuxO nanodeposits are active in the photocatalytic H2 production from aqueous solutions under UV-Vis irradiation and display interesting gas sensing performances towards hydrogen detection even at moderate temperatures.
Keywords: A2 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
|
“Size of cerium dioxide support nanocrystals dictates reactivity of highly dispersed palladium catalysts”. Muravev V, Parastaev A, van den Bosch Y, Ligt B, Claes N, Bals S, Kosinov N, Hensen EJM, Science 380, 1174 (2023). http://doi.org/10.1126/science.adf9082
Abstract: The catalytic performance of heterogeneous catalysts can be tuned by modulation of the size and structure of supported transition metals, which are typically regarded as the active sites. In single-atom metal catalysts, the support itself can strongly affect the catalytic properties. Here, we demonstrate that the size of cerium dioxide (CeO2) support governs the reactivity of atomically dispersed palladium (Pd) in carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation. Catalysts with small CeO2 nanocrystals (~4 nanometers) exhibit unusually high activity in a CO-rich reaction feed, whereas catalysts with medium-size CeO2 (~8 nanometers) are preferred for lean conditions. Detailed spectroscopic investigations reveal support size–dependent redox properties of the Pd-CeO2 interface.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 56.9
Times cited: 22
DOI: 10.1126/science.adf9082
|
“TEM investigation of the microstructure and defects of CuZr martensite: 2: planar defects”. Seo JW, Schryvers D, Acta materialia 46, 1177 (1998). http://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(97)00334-0
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 5.301
Times cited: 21
DOI: 10.1016/S1359-6454(97)00334-0
|
“A transmission electron microscopy study of tweed-like structures in Al62Cu17.5CO17.5Si3 decagonal quasicrystals”. Zhang Z, Geng W, van Landuyt J, Van Tendeloo G, Philosophical magazine: A: physics of condensed matter: defects and mechanical properties 71, 1177 (1995)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Times cited: 7
|
“[SrF0.8(OH)0.2]2.526[Mn6O12]: columnar rock-salt fragments inside the todorokite-type tunnel structure”. Abakumov AM, Hadermann J, Van Tendeloo G, Kovba ML, Skolis YY, Mudretsova SN, Antipov EV, Volkova OS, Vasiliev AN, Tristan N, Klingeler R, Büchner B, Chemistry of materials 19, 1181 (2007). http://doi.org/10.1021/cm062508s
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 9.466
Times cited: 9
DOI: 10.1021/cm062508s
|
“Structural characterization of Er-doped Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 glass ceramics”. Krsmanovic R, Bals S, Bertoni G, Van Tendeloo G, Optical materials 30, 1183 (2008). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2007.05.045
Abstract: Particularly favourable properties of glass ceramics are developed on the basis of two key advantages of these materials: the variation of chemical composition and of microstructure. Therefore, detailed structural and chemical information are necessary to get insight in novel glass ceramic materials. We present here two examples of Er-doped Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2, with different quantities of ZrO2, both obtained with sol-gel synthesis. Different transmission electron microscopy techniques: conventional TEM, HRTEM, and EELS are used and the results are compared with those previously obtained with XRD and Rietveld analysis. We also demonstrate the 3D reconstruction, obtained from HAADF-STEM imaging, to determine the morphology of nanosize precipitates in these composites. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.238
Times cited: 12
DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2007.05.045
|
“Ag1/8Pr5/8MoO4: an incommensurately modulated scheelite-type structure”. Morozov VA, Mironov AV, Lazoryak BI, Khaikina EG, Basovich OM, Rossell MD, Van Tendeloo G, Journal of solid state chemistry 179, 1183 (2006). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2005.12.041
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.299
Times cited: 35
DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2005.12.041
|
“Achieving High Moisture Tolerance in Pseudohalide Perovskite Nanocrystals for Light-Emitting Diode Application”. Bhatia H, Keshavarz M, Martin C, Van Gaal L, Zhang Y, de Coen B, Schrenker NJ, Valli D, Ottesen M, Bremholm M, Van de Vondel J, Bals S, Hofkens J, Debroye E, ACS Applied Optical Materials 1, 1184 (2023). http://doi.org/10.1021/acsaom.3c00096
Abstract: The addition of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) to the FAPbBr3 structure and subsequent post-treatment of nanocrystals (NCs) lead to high quantum confinement, resulting in a photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) approaching unity and microsecond decay times. This synergistic approach demonstrated exceptional stability under humid conditions, retaining 70% of the PLQY for over a month, while the untreated NCs degrade within 24 h. Additionally, the devices incorporating the post-treated NCs displayed 1.5% external quantum efficiency (EQE), a 5-fold improvement over untreated devices. These results provide promising opportunities for the use of perovskites in moisture-stable optoelectronics.
Keywords: A1 Journal Article; Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT) ;
DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.3c00096
|
“Three-Dimensional Nanoparticle Transformations Captured by an Electron Microscope”. Albrecht W, Van Aert S, Bals S, Accounts Of Chemical Research 54, 1189 (2021). http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00711
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 20.268
Times cited: 12
DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00711
|
“Morphological TEM studies and magnetoresistance analysis of sputtered Al-substituted ZnO films : the role of oxygen”. Van Gompel M, Atalay AY, Gaulke A, Van Bael MK, D'Haen J, Turner S, Van Tendeloo G, Vanacken J, Moshchalkov VV, Wagner P, Physica status solidi : A : applications and materials science 212, 1191 (2015). http://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201431888
Abstract: In this article, we report on the synthesis of thin, epitaxial films of the transparent conductive oxide Al:ZnO on (0001)-oriented synthetic sapphire substrates by DC sputtering from targets with a nominal 1 at.% Al substitution. The deposition was carried out at an unusually low substrate temperature of only 250 °C in argonoxygen mixtures as well as in pure argon. The impact of the processgas composition on the morphology was analysed by transmission electron microscopy, revealing epitaxial growth in all the cases with a minor impact of the process parameters on the resulting grain sizes. The transport properties resistivity, Hall effect and magnetoresistance were studied in the range from 10 to 300 K in DC and pulsed magnetic fields up to 45 T. While the carrier density and mobility are widely temperature independent, we identified a low fieldlow temperature regime in which the magnetoresistance shows an anomalous, negative behaviour. At higher fields and temperatures, the magnetoresistance exhibits a more conventional, positive curvature with increasing field strength. As a possible explanation, we propose carrier scattering at localised magnetic trace impurities and magnetic correlations.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.775
DOI: 10.1002/pssa.201431888
|
“Synthesis, structure and magnetic ordering of the mullite-type Bi2Fe4-xCrxO9 solid solutions with a frustrated pentagonal Cairo lattice”. Rozova MG, Grigoriev VV, Bobrikov IA, Filimonov DS, Zakharov KV, Volkova OS, Vasiliev AN, Antipov EV, Tsirlin AA, Abakumov AM, Journal of the Chemical Society : Dalton transactions 45, 1192 (2016). http://doi.org/10.1039/c5dt04296h
Abstract: Highly homogeneous mullite-type solid solutions Bi2Fe4-xCrxO9 (x = 0.5, 1, 1.2) were synthesized using a soft chemistry technique followed by a solid-state reaction in Ar. The crystal structure of Bi2Fe3CrO9 was investigated using X-ray and neutron powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and Fe-57 Mossbauer spectroscopy (S.G. Pbam, a = 7.95579(9) angstrom , b = 8.39145(9) angstrom, c = 5.98242(7) angstrom, R-F(X-ray) = 0.022, R-F(neutron) = 0.057). The ab planes in the structure are tessellated with distorted pentagonal loops built up by three tetrahedrally coordinated Fe sites and two octahedrally coordinated Fe/Cr sites, linked together in the ab plane by corner-sharing forming a pentagonal Cairo lattice. Magnetic susceptibility measurements and powder neutron diffraction show that the compounds order antiferromagnetically (AFM) with the Neel temperatures decreasing upon increasing the Cr content from T-N similar to 250 K for x = 0 to T-N similar to 155 K for x = 1.2. The magnetic structure of Bi2Fe3CrO9 at T = 30 K is characterized by a propagation vector k = (1/2,1/2,1/2). The tetrahedrally coordinated Fe cations form singlet pairs within dimers of corner-sharing tetrahedra, but spins on the neighboring dimers are nearly orthogonal. The octahedrally coordinated (Fe, Cr) cations form antiferromagnetic up-up-down-down chains along c, while the spin arrangement in the ab plane is nearly orthogonal between nearest neighbors and collinear between second neighbors. The resulting magnetic structure is remarkably different from the one in pure Bi2Fe4O9 and features several types of spin correlations even on crystallographically equivalent exchange that may be caused by the simultaneous presence of Fe and Cr on the octahedral site.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 4.029
DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04296h
|
“Point defect reactions in silicon studied in situ by high flux electron irradiation in high voltage transmission electron microscope”. Vanhellemont J, Romano Rodriguez A, Fedina L, van Landuyt J, Aseev A, Materials science and technology 11, 1194 (1995). http://doi.org/10.1179/mst.1995.11.11.1194
Abstract: Results are presented of in situ studies of 1 MeV electron irradiation induced (113) defect generation in silicon containing different types and concentrations of extrinsic point defects. A semiquantitative model is developed describing the influence of interfaces and stress fields and of extrinsic point defects on the (113) defect generation in silicon during irradiation. The theoretical results obtained are correlated with experimental data obtained on silicon uniformly doped with boron and phosphorus and with observations obtained by irradiating cross-sectional samples of wafers with highly doped surface layers. It is shown that in situ irradiation in a high voltage election microscope is a powerful tool for studying local point defect reactions in silicon. (C) 1995 The Institute of Materials.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 0.995
Times cited: 7
DOI: 10.1179/mst.1995.11.11.1194
|
“Point defect reactions in silicon studies in situ by high flux electron irradiation in high voltage transmission electron microscope”. Vanhellemont J, Romano-Rodriguez A, Fedina L, van Landuyt J, Aseev A, Materials science and technology 11, 1194 (1995)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Times cited: 7
|
“Surfactant layers on gold nanorods”. Mosquera J, Wang D, Bals S, Liz-Marzan LM, Accounts of chemical research 56, 1204 (2023). http://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.ACCOUNTS.3C00101
Abstract: Gold nanorods (Au NRs) are an exceptionally promising tool in nanotechnology due to three key factors: (i) their strong interaction with electromagnetic radiation, stemming from their plasmonic nature, (ii) the ease with which the resonance frequency of their longitudinal plasmon mode can be tuned from the visible to the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spect r u m based on their aspect ratio, and (iii) their simple and cost-effective preparation through seed-mediated chemical growth. In this synthetic method, surfactants play a critical role in controlling the size, shape, and colloidal stabi l i t y of Au NRs. For example, surfactants can stabilize specific crystallographic facets during the formation of Au NRs, leading to t h e formation of NRs with specific morphologies. The process of surfactant adsorption onto the NR surface may result in various assemblies of surfactant molecules, such as spherical micelles, elongated micelles, or bilayers. Again, the assembly mode is critical toward determining the further availabi l i t y of the Au NR surface to the surrounding medium. Despite its importance and a great deal of research effort, the interaction between Au NPs and surfactants remains insufficiently understood, because the assembly process is influenced by numerous factors, including the chemical nature of the surfactant, the surface morphology of Au NPs, and solution parameters. Therefore, gaining a more comprehensive understanding of these interactions is essential to unlock the full potential of the seed-mediated growth method and the applications of plasmonic NPs. A plethora of characterization techniques have been applied to reach such an understanding , but many open questions remain. In this Account, we review the current knowledge on the interactions between surfactants and Au NRs. We briefly introduce the state-of-the-art methods for synthesizing Au NRs and highlight the crucial role of cationic surfactants during this process. The self-assembly and organization of surfactants on the Au NR surface is then discussed to better understand their role in seed-mediated growth. Subsequently, we provide examples and elucidate how chemical additives can be used to modulate micellar assemblies, in turn allowing for a finer control over the growth of Au NRs, including chiral NRs. Next, we review the main experimental characterization and computational modeling techniques that have been applied to shed light on the arrangement of surfactants on Au NRs and summarize the advantages and disadvantages for each technique. The Account ends with a “Conclusions and Outlook” section, outlining promising future research directions and developments that we consider are sti l l required, mostly related to the application of electron microscopy in liquid and in 3D. Finally, we remark on the potential of exploiting machine learning techniques to predict synthetic routes for NPs with predefined structures and properties.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 18.3
Times cited: 8
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.ACCOUNTS.3C00101
|