“Lab-scale physical model experiments to understand the effect of particle bed on tapping flow rates”. Loomba V, Pourfallah H, Olsen JE, Einarsrud KE, , 159 (2022). http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92544-4_13
Keywords: P1 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92544-4_13
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“Analytical study of the deterioration of sandstone, marble and granite”. Sweevers H, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 26b, 159 (1992). http://doi.org/10.1016/0957-1272(92)90019-O
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0957-1272(92)90019-O
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“Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence for direct trace analysis of biomedical and environmental samples”. Van Grieken R, Robberecht H, Shani J, Van Dyck P, Vos L page 159 (1982).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Laser microprobe mass spectrometry of platinum in dog kidney after cisplatin adminstration”. Verbueken AH, Van Grieken RE, Paulus GJ, Verpooten GA, de Broe ME, Biomedical mass spectrometry 11, 159 (1984). http://doi.org/10.1002/BMS.1200110404
Abstract: By means of laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) platinum was detected in the renal proximal tubular cells of a dog that had been intravenously adminstered the antitumor drug cisplatin (5 mg per kg body weight). No definite subcellular localization of the heavy metal was obtained. Sample prparation and analytical features are examined to increase spatial resolution of analysis while maintaining sufficient detection efficiency. The LAMMA method is destructive, but the amount and type of evaporated material can readily be determined when using LAMMA in combination with transmission electron microscopy. Instrumental optimization and standardization of mass signals is possible by using platinum-loaded, ion chelating resin beads embedded and sectioned with the tissue.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
DOI: 10.1002/BMS.1200110404
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“Trace analysis of estuarine brown algae by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence”. Sauter L, Van der Ben D, Van Grieken R, X-ray spectrometry 8, 159 (1979). http://doi.org/10.1002/XRS.1300080405
Abstract: Brown algae, which are good indicators for estuarine metal pollution, can advantageously be analysed by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence. The use of thin film samples and samples of intermediate thickness has several advantages over the conventional thick pellet procedure. A quite homogeneous thin target is prepared by suspending 15 mg of dried and ground seaweed powder in bi-distilled water and evaporating the slurry on a 10 cm2 Mylar foil held in a Teflon ring. The effective sample weight in the beam is calculated by a procedure based on the scatter peaks in the spectrum. Sensitivities are typically in the 215 ppm range. The coefficient of variation per analysis averaged over ten elements amounts to 10%. The natural concentration variation in seaweed specimens at one location is 13%. Samples from locations in the more polluted western Scheldt estuary yield significantly higher values for several elements, relative to the eastern Scheldt sites. Possible trace element variations between the top and base of plants, and between different seaweed specimens and sampling seasons, are discussed.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/XRS.1300080405
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Vanherck J (2020) Spontaneous and induced magnetisation in two-dimensional and bulk Heisenberg ferromagnets : a quantum mechanical treatment. 160 p
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
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“Metallic ceramics for low resitivity interconnects : an ab initio insight”. Sankaran K, Moors K, Dutta S, Adelmann C, Tokei Z, Pourtois G, Proceedings of the IEEE ... International Interconnect Technology Conference
T2 –, IEEE International Interconnect Technology Conference (IITC), JUN 04-07, 2018, Santa Clara, CA , 160 (2018)
Abstract: The scalability potential of low resistivity ternary metallic alloys (MAX) as an interconnect medium has been benchmarked against copper through first-principle simulations. We report that some carbon and nitrogen MAX phases have the potential to display a reduced sensitivity of their intrinsic resistivity to scaling, while showing improved electromigration properties.
Keywords: P1 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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Smits M (2013) Photocatalytic degradation of diesel soot : from application to reaction mechanism. 160 p
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
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“The processes dominating Ca dissolution of limestone when exposed to ambient atmospheric conditions as determined by comparing dissolution models”. Cardell Fernandez C, Cardell-Fernandez C, Vleugels G, Torfs K, Van Grieken R, Environmental geology 43, 160 (2002). http://doi.org/10.1007/S00254-002-0640-X
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/S00254-002-0640-X
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Ahmadi Eshtehardi H (2024) Combined computational-experimental study on plasma and plasma catalysis for N2 fixation. 160 p
Abstract: Humanity feels the urge of shifting to a sustainable society more than at any other time in its history. Electrification of chemical industry plays a key role in this transition. The possibility of producing fertilizers from air using renewable electricity, and simultaneously, no greenhouse gas emission, resulted in an increasing interest toward plasma technology as a solution for electrification of a part of the chemical industry in the past few years. Additionally, the activation of nitrogen molecules by vibrational and electronic excitation reactions in plasma can lead to an energy-efficient process. Last but not least, the modularity (fast on/off characteristic) of plasma technology makes it capable of using intermittent renewable electricity on site for the production of fertilizers using air. All these advantages offered by plasma technology make it a potential solution for the on-site production of fertilizers in small and decentralized plants using air and renewable electricity, which leads to a considerable reduction in fertilizer production and transportation costs. However, industrialization of plasma-based NF suffers from several challenges, including challenges of plasma catalysis for the selective production of desired species, the high energy cost of plasma-based NF compared to current industrial processes, and the design and development of scaled up and energy-efficient plasma reactors for industrial purposes. In the framework of this thesis we have tried to add to the state-of-the-art (SOTA) in plasma-based NOx production and deal with its limitations using a combination of experimental and modelling work.
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
DOI: 10.63028/10067/2052460151162165141
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“Identification of new superconducting compounds by electron microscopy”. Van Tendeloo G, Krekels T Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, page 161 (2000).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
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“Quantitative surface analysis of silver halide microcrystals using scanning ion microprobe and scanning Auger microprobe”. Janssens G, Geuens I, de Keyzer R, van Espen P, Gijbels R, Hubin A, Terryn H, Vereecken J Wiley, Chichester, page 161 (1996).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
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de Aquino BRCHT (2018) Carbon nanotubes and graphene based devices : from nanosensors to confined water. 161 p
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
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“Parameters influencing focussing capabilities of capillary optics”. Vincze L, Janssens K, Adams F, Larsson S, Rindby A, Engstrom P, Microbeam Analysis 1995: Proceedings Of The 29th Annual Conference Of The Microbeam Analysis Society , 161 (1995)
Keywords: P1 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Recombination reactions and geometry effects in laser microprobe mass analysis studied with 12C/13C bilayers”. Bruynseels F, Van Grieken R, International journal of mass spectrometry and ion processes 74, 161 (1986). http://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(86)85003-0
Abstract: Bilayers of carbon, consisting of a layer of natural carbon and a second layer highly enriched in 13C, were investigated with the LAMMA 500-® instrument. When such a bilayer is perforated by the laser beam, comparable amounts of 12C and 13C are evaporated and partly ionized so that geometry effects and recombination reactions during laser-induced ionization can straightforwardly be studied.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(86)85003-0
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Admasu WF (2021) Socioeconomic and environmental impact of expropriation of agricultural land for urbanisation in Ethiopia. 162 p
Abstract: Globally, incorporation of agricultural lands into the urban boundary has been a common phenomenon. Governments use various alternatives to access the required land, including land expropriation procedures, which refers to the compulsorily taking of land from the landholders without their consent by paying compensation. In Ethiopia, the urban population is growing rapidly which resulted into an increase in the demand for urban land for housing construction, public services provision, and infrastructure developments. As the Ethiopian constitution prohibits sale of landholders, governments, at various levels, have been expropriating land from the surrounding farmers to meet the demand for urban land. The general objective of this thesis is to improve the understanding of the impacts of local land deals for urbanization on socioeconomics of farmers and the environment. The findings of this thesis revealed that there are gaps in the current practices of land expropriation for urban expansion that should be improved. The results showed that the compensation paid to the affected farmers is found to be economically inappropriate, i.e., not enough to restore the affected farmers’ livelihoods, in contrast with the land laws that allows a compensation amount that would put previous land users in a better or the same wellbeing as before the land expropriation. In addition, it is indicated that the land expropriation process does not take into account the value of ecosystem services, which are benefits obtain from the land, and important for the wellbeing of the society. We conclude that while land expropriation is an important tool to obtain land from the landholders when it is needed for public purposes, the practices in the study area show it is adversely affecting the socioeconomics of farmers and the environment.
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; Engineering Management (ENM)
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Jafarzadeh A (2020) First-principle studies of plasma-catalyst interactions for greenhouse gas conversion. 163 p
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Analytical methods to study atmospheric pollution and weathering of materials”. Van Grieken R, Cardell C, Delalieux F, Eyckmans K page 163 (2001).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Determination of BTEX by GCMS in air of offset printing plants: comparison between conventional and ecological inks”. Godoi AFL, Sawada EY, de Marchi MRR, Van Grieken R, Godoi RHM, Water, air, and soil pollution : focus 9, 163 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1007/S11267-009-9219-9
Abstract: The use of inks containing organic solvents by the offset printing process implies in the release of volatile organic compounds to the work environment. Many of these compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and the xylene isomers (well known by the acronym BTEX) are extremely toxic. In this study, the BTEX concentrations were determined in two different printing plants that use distinct types of inks: the conventional and the so-called ecological, which is manufactured based on vegetal oil. Concentration ranges were 4384, 153,480, 2133, 5459, and 2236 μg m−3 for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m + p-xylene, and o-xylene, respectively, for the conventional printing plant. At the ecological printing plant, concentration ranges were below limit of detection (<LD)-31, <LD-618, <LD-1,690, <LD-10,500, <LD-3,360 μg m−3 for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m + p-xylene, and o-xylene, respectively. BTEX concentrations are lower at the ecological printing environment than in the conventional, where mineral oil-based inks are used. However, the worker who cleans the printing matrices is exposed to high concentrations of ethylbenzene and xylenes, due probably to the cleaning products composition (containing high amounts of BTEX). Although the BTEX concentrations found in both printing work environments were below the limits considered by the Brazilian Law for Activities and Unhealthy Operations (NR-15), the exposure to such vapors characterizes risk to the workers health for some of the evaluated samples, mainly the personal ones.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/S11267-009-9219-9
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“MA-XRF imaging as a tool to characterize the 16th century heraldic stained-glass panels in Ghent Saint Bavo Cathedral”. Legrand S, van der Snickt G, Cagno S, Caen J, Janssens K, Journal of cultural heritage 40, 163 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.CULHER.2019.06.003
Abstract: MA-XRF is a novel macroscopic imaging technique originally developed for easel paintings and recently made available to glass conservators. This paper discusses the first real-life contribution of MA-XRF imaging to a conservation intervention of stained-glass panels. The six panels under study belong to the cathedral building since their creation in 1555-1559 AD. MA-XRF appeared an outstanding tool for first-line screening of stained-glass windows, providing readily interpretable information on glass type, coloring and alteration processes. In particular, the chemical imaging technique allowed distinguishing unambiguously the surviving original glass panes from later additions, thereby ensuring a correct historical understanding. From a more practical point of view, the experiments supplied accurate schemes that can be directly incorporated in condition reports and assist designing the ensuing conservation approach. (C0 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Art; History; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
DOI: 10.1016/J.CULHER.2019.06.003
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“Selenium in environmental and drinking waters of Belgium”. Robberecht H, Van Grieken R, van Sprundel M, vanden Berghe D, Deelstra H, The science of the total environment 26, 163 (1983). http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(83)90109-2
Abstract: The tetravalent and hexavalent selenium content of water samples can be determined by conventional energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence after different preconcentration steps. Selenium values of nearly three-hundred different environmental and drinking water samples in Belgium are reported. The results are quite low, ranging from the detection limits up to 1 μg l−1. The concentration levels are compared to literature data and the speciation is discussed. The contribution of drinking water to the daily intake of selenium in Belgium ranges from less than 0.2 to 5%.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(83)90109-2
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Tytgat T (2012) Research and development of self-supporting TiO2 foams for removal of VOCs from ambient air. 164 p
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
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“Analysis of façon-de-Venise glass originating from Central and Western Europe”. Šmit Ž, Janssens K, Schalm O, Kos M page 165 (2005).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Economic performance of using batteries in European residential microgrids under the net-metering scheme”. Saviuc I, Peremans H, Van Passel S, Milis K, Energies 12, 165 (2019). http://doi.org/10.3390/EN12010165
Abstract: Decentralized energy production offers an increased share of renewable energy and autonomy compared to the conventional, grid-only solution. However, under the net-metering scheme, the energy losses in batteries translate into financial losses to an investor seeking to move away from grid-only electricity and set up a residential PV+Battery microgrid. Our paper examines a hypothetical support scheme for such a project, designed to balance the economic disadvantage through partially supporting the acquisition of batteries, and thus ensure that the microgrid solution is more attractive than no investment. For this we develop four case studies based on experiments carried out in Greece, Italy, Denmark and Finland. Using the minimization of the Net Present Cost for each project, we compare the PV+Battery solution to the grid-only scenario over 25 years, for a range of electricity prices. The results illustrate first how the success of this project depends on the price of electricity. Second, we find that under current conditions in the respective countries the need for battery support varies between zero in Denmark and 86% in Italy, which reflects how the disadvantages of net metering can only be counterbalanced by either very high electricity price or very high solar resource. Our paper contributes thus to the discussion about the favourable environment for batteries in residential microgrids.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
Impact Factor: 2.262
DOI: 10.3390/EN12010165
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Larraí,n M (2022) Recycling of plastics : linking technical, economic and policy aspects of post-consumer plastic packaging. x, 165 p
Abstract: The rise in plastic packaging production and disposal has encouraged the progress of recycling technologies and aroused policy discussion on how to increase recycling rates. However, the effect that these policy instruments will have on the development of the different recycling technologies has not been studied holistically yet. This dissertation explores how new and existing technologies will behave under the market and policy conditions observed at present and after the implementation of the policy instruments that are under discussion. The technologies that are analyzed in this thesis are mechanical recycling and thermochemical recycling of post-consumer polyolefin waste. Using a techno-economic assessment that takes into account the physical properties of the different plastic fractions and their contamination level, the study shows that both mechanical and thermochemical recycling can be profitable if oil prices remain steady or increase. Specifically, mechanical recycling will show better results than thermochemical recycling for plastic fractions with low contamination levels. On the contrary, thermochemical recycling is more profitable for fractions with a higher contamination level from which high-quality products cannot be obtained with mechanical recycling, such as PE films. Moreover, it demonstrates that besides the oil prices and sorted waste prices, waste purity and the plant capacity are the variables that influence more the net present value of thermochemical recycling and the labor cost and waste purity the ones of mechanical recycling. The thesis explores the dynamics between the stakeholders of the circular value chain and predicts the recycling rates under the implementation of several policy instruments. This is done with a supply chain equilibrium model, based on the extended producer responsibility scheme implemented in Flanders, that uses as an input the cost structures of mechanical and thermochemical recycling obtained from the techno-economic assessments. Direct interventions like recycled content standards, can decouple the recycling industry from the oil market, but in the long term, they may not present incentives to achieve recycling levels beyond the targeted amounts and thus limit technological innovation. On the contrary, economic interventions such as taxes, create economic incentives for recycling and allow fund collection from the government but leave the recycled levels dependent on external markets. Results also show that higher recycling rates does not necessarily mean better environmental performance. Therefore, when designing circular economy policies, policymakers should carefully analyze whether the intention is to increase circularity or improve the sustainability of the value chains.
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM); Intelligence in PRocesses, Advanced Catalysts and Solvents (iPRACS)
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“Production of carboxylates from high rate activated sludge through fermentation”. Cagnetta C, Coma M, Vlaeminck SE, Rabaey K, Bioresource technology 217, 165 (2016). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2016.03.053
Abstract: The aim of this work was to study the key parameters affecting fermentation of high rate activated A-sludge to carboxylates, including pH, temperature, inoculum, sludge composition and iron content. The maximum volatile fatty acids production was 141 mg C g−1 VSSfed, at pH 7. Subsequently the potential for carboxylate and methane production for A-sludge from four different plants at pH 7 and 35 °C were compared. Initial BOD of the sludge appeared to be key determining carboxylate yield from A-sludge. Whereas methanogenesis could be correlated linearly to the quantity of ferric used for coagulation, fermentation did not show a dependency on iron presence. This difference may enable a strategy whereby A-stage sludge is separated to achieve fermentation, and iron dosing for phosphate removal is only implemented at the B-stage.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2016.03.053
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“Salt-induced decay in calcareous stone monuments and buildings in a marine environment in SW France”. Cardell C, Delalieux F, Roumpopoulos K, Moropoulou A, Auger F, Van Grieken R, Construction and building materials 17, 165 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(02)00104-6
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0950-0618(02)00104-6
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Pourbabak S (2020) Influence of nano and microstructural features and defects in finegrained NiTi on the thermal and mechanical reversibility of the martensitic transformation. 166 p
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
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Stosic D (2018) High-performance Ginzburg-Landau simulations of superconductivity. 166 p
Abstract: Superconductivity is one of the most important discoveries of the last century. With many applications in physics, engineering, and technology, superconductors are crucial to our way of living. Several material and engineering issues however prevent their widespread usage in everyday life. Comprehensive studies are being directed at these materials and their properties to come up with new technologies that will address these challenges and enhance their superconductive capabilities. In this context, numerical modeling plays an important role in the search of new solutions to existing material and engineering issues. The time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) theory is a powerful predictive tool for modeling the macroscopic behavior of superconductors. However most of the numerical algorithms developed so far are incapable of describing many basic properties of real superconducting devices, and are too slow on current hardware for large-scale numerical simulations necessary for their accurate description. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to develop high-performing numerical solutions that can correctly describe material features to be used as modeling tools of laboratory experiments. Some important innovations introduced in this work include the numerical modeling of nonrectangular geometrical shapes with complex electrical and insulating components, the inclusion of dynamic heating of the material, and the description of different types of material inhomogeneities. These encompass the principal features necessary for a complete description of the superconductive physics in real material samples. In this thesis a numerical solution is developed for modeling superconducting thin films and used to study the superconductive properties of three experimental configurations: the dynamics of vortex matter in a Corbino disk, the motion of ultrafast vortices in an hourglass-shaped microbridge, and the photon detection process in a meander-patterned nanowire. Moreover, a numerical solution is developed for modeling three-dimensional superconductors which are studied here for the first time in the type-I superconducting regime. These numerical algorithms are optimized to exploit the computational horsepower of graphics processing units (GPUs) and multicore central-processing unit (CPU) clusters such that they can achieve high-performance and be used to model large-scale problems previously impossible on conventional machines. Several computational tools are also designed to assist with the modeling of superconducting devices. These include a numerical library of the TDGL equations, a novel mechanism for the generation of complex geometries, a closed-form solver to conduct numerical simulations, and a graphics user interface (GUI) to visualize the dynamic behavior of superconductors. The contributions in this thesis ultimately push the boundaries on what is possible in state-of-the-art numerical modeling of superconductivity.
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
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Van Putte N (2023) Improving groundwater dynamics : a key factor for successful tidal marsh restoration. 166 p
Abstract: Tidal marshes take up and release certain elements from and to the river water. Hence, they act as a filter, improving the estuarine water quality. This filtering function depends on the interaction between the marsh soil and water that infiltrates into the marsh platform at high tide and seeps out of the creek banks at low tide. In the past centuries, many tidal marshes disappeared due to large scale land reclamations, together with their associated ecosystem services. Nowadays, tidal marshes are increasingly restored on formerly embanked agricultural areas to regain these ecosystem services. Here, we studied the effect of historical agricultural land use on the contribution of restored tidal marshes to water quality improvement, and we investigated several solutions to stimulate the water quality improving function in newly restored tidal marshes. In restored tidal marshes, the soil is often compacted due to the historical agricultural land use, leading to a reduced organic matter content and micro- and macroporosity. In this compacted soil, groundwater flow is hindered, leading to a more waterlogged soil and reduced groundwater dynamics in the restored marsh as compared to a natural marsh. The depth of groundwater drainage and the groundwater flow velocity have important implications for the processes that contribute to water quality improvement, e.g. removal of nitrogen, phosphorus retention and silica cycling. Where groundwater drains deeper, i.e. in the vicinity of tidal creeks and in a more porous soil, these processes are promoted. We suggest that, in newly restored tidal marshes, the soil porosity can be increased by amending the soil (e.g. with organic matter), and the distance to the nearest tidal creek can be reduced by creek excavation. Numerical modelling showed that the largest gain in groundwater dynamics and seepage was attained when both measures were applied together. The effect of organic soil amendments on groundwater dynamics and nutrient cycling was further explored in a large scale in situ mesocosm experiment. Where the soil was amended, groundwater drained deeper and nitrogen removal increased. For new tidal marsh restoration projects, we advise to conduct an explorative soil study. When the soil is heavily compacted, design measures, such as creek initiation and organic soil amendments can be applied to jumpstart the contribution to water quality improvement of newly restored tidal marshes.
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL); Ecosphere
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