“Evaluation and calibration of micro-XRF data”. Janssens K, Vincze L, Vekemans B page 155 (2000).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Geochemistry of suspended matter from the baltic sea : 1 : results of individual particle characterization by automated electron microprobe”. Bernard PC, Van Grieken RE, Brügmann L, Marine chemistry 26, 155 (1989). http://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(89)90058-3
Abstract: Automated electron probe X-ray microanalysis was used to characterize some 15 000 individual suspension particles from 50 samples of suspended matter collected from different depths at 18 stations throughout the Baltic Sea and the transient area to the North Sea. For each particle, 14 minor and major elements were determined and size information data were obtained. To process this huge amount of results, multivariate analysis techniques were invoked: the particles were classified into specific types and the abundance variations of these groups were studied. It appeared that 80% of all investigated particles contained mostly silicon, and seemed to consist of quartz, and K-rich and Fe-rich aluminosilicates. The abundance of BaSO4 particles averaged 5% throughout the Baltic Sea, but amounted to up to 44% at some stations. The abundance of the Fe-rich particles varied significantly with location and depth, and averaged ∼ 4%. They were often found to be associated with significant amounts of P. Both of these particle types and the Mn-rich particles are thought to be mainly authigenic. Calcium carbonate particles are more abundant towards the North Sea (which seems to act as a source). Principal component analysis of the data revealed that most of the compositional variability can be explained by differences between deep and surface waters and by the influences of inflowing North Sea waters. Additional information about the types and sources of the suspended matter in the Baltic Sea was gained from the comparison and correlation of the single particle results with different fractions of the bulk concentrations of elements such as Al, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn and Ba.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0304-4203(89)90058-3
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“Understanding and optimizing Evolon®, CR for varnish removal from oil paintings”. Baij L, Liu C, Buijs J, Alvarez Martin A, Westert D, Raven L, Geels N, Noble P, Sprakel J, Keune K, Heritage science 9, 155 (2021). http://doi.org/10.1186/S40494-021-00627-9
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS)
DOI: 10.1186/S40494-021-00627-9
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“Visualizing the 17th century underpainting in Portrait of an Old Man by Rembrandt van Rijn using synchrotron-based scanning macro-XRF”. Alfeld M, Siddons DP, Janssens K, Dik J, Woll A, Kirkham R, van de Wetering E, Applied physics A : materials science &, processing 111, 157 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1007/S00339-012-7490-5
Abstract: In 17th century Old Master Paintings, the underpainting generally refers to the first sketch of a composition. The underpainting is applied to a prepared ground using a monochrome, brown oil paint to roughly indicate light, shade and contours. So far, methods to visualize the underpainting-other than in localized cross-sections-have been very limited. Neither infrared reflectography nor neutron induced autoradiography have proven to be practical, adequate visualization tools. Thus, although of fundamental interest in the understanding of a painting's genesis, the underpainting has virtually escaped all imaging efforts. In this contribution we will show that 17th century underpainting may consist of a highly heterogeneous mixture of pigments, including copper pigments. We suggest that this brown pigment mixture is actually the recycled left-over of a palette scraping. With copper as the heaviest exclusive elemental component, we will hence show in a case study on a Portrait of an Old Man attributed to Rembrandt van Rijn how scanning macro-XRF can be used to efficiently visualize the underpainting below the surface painting and how this information can contribute to the discussion of the painting's authenticity.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 1.455
Times cited: 26
DOI: 10.1007/S00339-012-7490-5
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“Elemental concentrations in aerosols at the Belgian coast versus seasons and air mass trajectories”. van Meel K, Horemans B, Krata A, Bencs L, Buczyńska AJ, Dirtu AC, Worobiec A, Van Grieken R, Environmental chemistry letters 8, 157 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1007/S10311-009-0203-4
Abstract: Marine aerosols have extensively been monitored in the framework of a research project to investigate the inorganic and organic nutrient fluxes of the atmospheric nitrogen input into the North Sea. As a part of this project bulk analysis was also performed by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) on a total of 366 samples in order to provide detailed elemental composition. Samples have been clustered per campaign and differences were related to backward trajectories. Elements as Cl, Si, and S appeared to be the best tracers for coastal aerosols. Therefore they have been chosen to represent each campaign and to map the seasonal variations. It is clear that Cl is an excellent tracer for oceanic trajectories, while a less clear correlation between the soil dust components and the air mass trajectories is found.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP); Toxicological Centre
DOI: 10.1007/S10311-009-0203-4
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“Iron, copper, zinc and lead in hair from Sudanese populations of different age groups”. Eltayeb MAH, Van Grieken RE, The science of the total environment 95, 157 (1990). http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(90)90061-X
Abstract: Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence was used for the analysis of hair samples from three different age groups of the Sudanese population. Hair samples were digested in a mixture of nitric and perchloric acids and the metals were then precipitated with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. The variations of the Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb content of hair with age were investigated. The averages of the elemental concentrations in each age group were compared with the other age groups and with literature values. The correlation of each pair of elements in the hair samples was also investigated.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(90)90061-X
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“Digitally reconstructing Van Gogh's Field with Irises near Arles. Part 2: Pigment concentration maps”. Kirchner E, van der Lans I, Ligterink F, Geldof M, Gaibor ANP, Hendriks E, Janssens K, Delaney J, Color research and application 43, 158 (2018). http://doi.org/10.1002/COL.22164
Abstract: Colors in many paintings of great art historical value have changed over time, due to the combined effects of natural ageing, accumulated surface grime, and materials added during later conservation treatments. The physical restoration of the colors in such paintings is not possible. This article describes one part of work done to digitally restore the colors of Van Gogh's painting Field with Irises near Arles, dating from May 1888. We have used multispectral reflectance data to estimate absorption K and backscattering S parameters of Kubelka-Munk 2-constant theory. This was done for all 13 pigments known to have been used by Van Gogh in this painting, and based on this the concentration maps for each of these pigments were calculated. We validated the calculated concentration maps in several ways. For some pigments, we were able to predict spots on the painting where the pigment is expected to occur in unmixed form based on visual examination. For several other pigments, the concentration maps could be shown to agree with XRF data. Finally, for some other pigments the concentration maps were supported by additional evidence from microscopic examinations, remarks in Van Gogh's letters and from early color reproductions. For the 1.7 million pixels for which multispectral data is available, the average color difference between the calculated and measured spectral reflectance curves is CIEDE2000 = 1.05. This further confirms that the Kubelka-Munk calculations are well suited to describe the variety of spectral reflectance on the painting.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 0.798
Times cited: 4
DOI: 10.1002/COL.22164
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“A laboratory mu-XRF spectrometer employing capillary optics”. Janssens K, Vekemans B, Rindby A, Vincze L, Adams F, , 159 (1995)
Keywords: P1 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Multianalytical study of patina formed on archaeological metal objects from Bliesbruck-Reinheim”. Wadsak M, Constantinides I, Vittiglio G, Adriaens A, Janssens K, Schreiner M, Adams FC, Brunella P, Wuttmann M, Microchimica acta 133, 159 (2000). http://doi.org/10.1007/S006040070086
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 4.58
DOI: 10.1007/S006040070086
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“Analytical study of the deterioration of sandstone, marble and granite”. Sweevers H, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 26b, 159 (1992). http://doi.org/10.1016/0957-1272(92)90019-O
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0957-1272(92)90019-O
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“Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence for direct trace analysis of biomedical and environmental samples”. Van Grieken R, Robberecht H, Shani J, Van Dyck P, Vos L page 159 (1982).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Laser microprobe mass spectrometry of platinum in dog kidney after cisplatin adminstration”. Verbueken AH, Van Grieken RE, Paulus GJ, Verpooten GA, de Broe ME, Biomedical mass spectrometry 11, 159 (1984). http://doi.org/10.1002/BMS.1200110404
Abstract: By means of laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) platinum was detected in the renal proximal tubular cells of a dog that had been intravenously adminstered the antitumor drug cisplatin (5 mg per kg body weight). No definite subcellular localization of the heavy metal was obtained. Sample prparation and analytical features are examined to increase spatial resolution of analysis while maintaining sufficient detection efficiency. The LAMMA method is destructive, but the amount and type of evaporated material can readily be determined when using LAMMA in combination with transmission electron microscopy. Instrumental optimization and standardization of mass signals is possible by using platinum-loaded, ion chelating resin beads embedded and sectioned with the tissue.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
DOI: 10.1002/BMS.1200110404
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“Trace analysis of estuarine brown algae by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence”. Sauter L, Van der Ben D, Van Grieken R, X-ray spectrometry 8, 159 (1979). http://doi.org/10.1002/XRS.1300080405
Abstract: Brown algae, which are good indicators for estuarine metal pollution, can advantageously be analysed by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence. The use of thin film samples and samples of intermediate thickness has several advantages over the conventional thick pellet procedure. A quite homogeneous thin target is prepared by suspending 15 mg of dried and ground seaweed powder in bi-distilled water and evaporating the slurry on a 10 cm2 Mylar foil held in a Teflon ring. The effective sample weight in the beam is calculated by a procedure based on the scatter peaks in the spectrum. Sensitivities are typically in the 215 ppm range. The coefficient of variation per analysis averaged over ten elements amounts to 10%. The natural concentration variation in seaweed specimens at one location is 13%. Samples from locations in the more polluted western Scheldt estuary yield significantly higher values for several elements, relative to the eastern Scheldt sites. Possible trace element variations between the top and base of plants, and between different seaweed specimens and sampling seasons, are discussed.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/XRS.1300080405
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“The processes dominating Ca dissolution of limestone when exposed to ambient atmospheric conditions as determined by comparing dissolution models”. Cardell Fernandez C, Cardell-Fernandez C, Vleugels G, Torfs K, Van Grieken R, Environmental geology 43, 160 (2002). http://doi.org/10.1007/S00254-002-0640-X
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/S00254-002-0640-X
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“Parameters influencing focussing capabilities of capillary optics”. Vincze L, Janssens K, Adams F, Larsson S, Rindby A, Engstrom P, Microbeam Analysis 1995: Proceedings Of The 29th Annual Conference Of The Microbeam Analysis Society , 161 (1995)
Keywords: P1 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Recombination reactions and geometry effects in laser microprobe mass analysis studied with 12C/13C bilayers”. Bruynseels F, Van Grieken R, International journal of mass spectrometry and ion processes 74, 161 (1986). http://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(86)85003-0
Abstract: Bilayers of carbon, consisting of a layer of natural carbon and a second layer highly enriched in 13C, were investigated with the LAMMA 500-® instrument. When such a bilayer is perforated by the laser beam, comparable amounts of 12C and 13C are evaporated and partly ionized so that geometry effects and recombination reactions during laser-induced ionization can straightforwardly be studied.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(86)85003-0
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“Non-invasive analysis of a 15th century illuminated manuscript fragment: point-based vs imaging spectroscopy”. Legrand S, Ricciardi P, Nodari L, Janssens K, Microchemical journal 138, 162 (2018). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.MICROC.2018.01.001
Abstract: Illuminated manuscript fragments are some of the best preserved objects of Western cultural heritage. Therefore, scholars are limited to non-invasive – often point-based – methods, to answer questions on material usage, technique, origin and previous treatments. These powerful methods yield specific information; however, the information is limited to the number of points analyzed. Imaging spectroscopies such as MA-XRF and MA-rFTIR combine specificity with the power of imaging, resulting in distribution images that are interpretable by non-spectroscopists and the public at large. In this paper the possible added value of using imaging spectroscopy is discussed. Do these methods yield the same results as an extensive point-based spectroscopic campaign and can they bring novel information? As a case study, a 15th century illuminated manuscript fragment is employed in order to explore the differences between these approaches and present an inventory of their advantages and limitations. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.034
Times cited: 12
DOI: 10.1016/J.MICROC.2018.01.001
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“Analytical methods to study atmospheric pollution and weathering of materials”. Van Grieken R, Cardell C, Delalieux F, Eyckmans K page 163 (2001).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Determination of BTEX by GCMS in air of offset printing plants: comparison between conventional and ecological inks”. Godoi AFL, Sawada EY, de Marchi MRR, Van Grieken R, Godoi RHM, Water, air, and soil pollution : focus 9, 163 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1007/S11267-009-9219-9
Abstract: The use of inks containing organic solvents by the offset printing process implies in the release of volatile organic compounds to the work environment. Many of these compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and the xylene isomers (well known by the acronym BTEX) are extremely toxic. In this study, the BTEX concentrations were determined in two different printing plants that use distinct types of inks: the conventional and the so-called ecological, which is manufactured based on vegetal oil. Concentration ranges were 4384, 153,480, 2133, 5459, and 2236 μg m−3 for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m + p-xylene, and o-xylene, respectively, for the conventional printing plant. At the ecological printing plant, concentration ranges were below limit of detection (<LD)-31, <LD-618, <LD-1,690, <LD-10,500, <LD-3,360 μg m−3 for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m + p-xylene, and o-xylene, respectively. BTEX concentrations are lower at the ecological printing environment than in the conventional, where mineral oil-based inks are used. However, the worker who cleans the printing matrices is exposed to high concentrations of ethylbenzene and xylenes, due probably to the cleaning products composition (containing high amounts of BTEX). Although the BTEX concentrations found in both printing work environments were below the limits considered by the Brazilian Law for Activities and Unhealthy Operations (NR-15), the exposure to such vapors characterizes risk to the workers health for some of the evaluated samples, mainly the personal ones.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/S11267-009-9219-9
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“MA-XRF imaging as a tool to characterize the 16th century heraldic stained-glass panels in Ghent Saint Bavo Cathedral”. Legrand S, van der Snickt G, Cagno S, Caen J, Janssens K, Journal of cultural heritage 40, 163 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.CULHER.2019.06.003
Abstract: MA-XRF is a novel macroscopic imaging technique originally developed for easel paintings and recently made available to glass conservators. This paper discusses the first real-life contribution of MA-XRF imaging to a conservation intervention of stained-glass panels. The six panels under study belong to the cathedral building since their creation in 1555-1559 AD. MA-XRF appeared an outstanding tool for first-line screening of stained-glass windows, providing readily interpretable information on glass type, coloring and alteration processes. In particular, the chemical imaging technique allowed distinguishing unambiguously the surviving original glass panes from later additions, thereby ensuring a correct historical understanding. From a more practical point of view, the experiments supplied accurate schemes that can be directly incorporated in condition reports and assist designing the ensuing conservation approach. (C0 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Art; History; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
DOI: 10.1016/J.CULHER.2019.06.003
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“Selenium in environmental and drinking waters of Belgium”. Robberecht H, Van Grieken R, van Sprundel M, vanden Berghe D, Deelstra H, The science of the total environment 26, 163 (1983). http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(83)90109-2
Abstract: The tetravalent and hexavalent selenium content of water samples can be determined by conventional energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence after different preconcentration steps. Selenium values of nearly three-hundred different environmental and drinking water samples in Belgium are reported. The results are quite low, ranging from the detection limits up to 1 μg l−1. The concentration levels are compared to literature data and the speciation is discussed. The contribution of drinking water to the daily intake of selenium in Belgium ranges from less than 0.2 to 5%.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(83)90109-2
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“Analysis of façon-de-Venise glass originating from Central and Western Europe”. Šmit Ž, Janssens K, Schalm O, Kos M page 165 (2005).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Microanalysis (micro-XRF, micro-XANES, and micro-XRD) of a tertiary sediment using microfocused synchrotron radiation”. Denecke MA, Somogyi A, Janssens K, Simon R, Dardenne K, Noseck U, Microscopy and microanalysis 13, 165 (2007). http://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927607070316
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 1.891
Times cited: 31
DOI: 10.1017/S1431927607070316
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“Scanning XRF investigation of a Flower Still Life and its underlying composition from the collection of the Kröller-Muller Museum”. Alfeld M, van der Snickt G, Vanmeert F, Janssens K, Dik J, Appel K, van der Loeff L, Chavannes M, Meedendorp T, Hendriks E, Applied physics A : materials science &, processing 111, 165 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1007/S00339-012-7526-X
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 1.455
Times cited: 35
DOI: 10.1007/S00339-012-7526-X
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“Salt-induced decay in calcareous stone monuments and buildings in a marine environment in SW France”. Cardell C, Delalieux F, Roumpopoulos K, Moropoulou A, Auger F, Van Grieken R, Construction and building materials 17, 165 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(02)00104-6
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0950-0618(02)00104-6
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“Oxidation states of uranium in DU particles from Kosovo”. Salbu B, Janssens K, Lind OC, Proost K, Danesi PR, Journal of environmental radioactivity 64, 167 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X(02)00047-4
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 2.31
DOI: 10.1016/S0265-931X(02)00047-4
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“Swift electrochemical detection of paraben an endocrine disruptor by In2O3 nanobricks”. Qurashi A, Rather JA, Yamazaki T, Sohail M, De Wael K, Merzougui B, Hakeem AS, Sensors and actuators : B : chemical 221, 167 (2015). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SNB.2015.06.026
Abstract: Novel indium oxide (In2O3) nanobricks have been prepared by template-less and surfactant-free hydrothermal synthesis method and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and field emission scanning electronic microscopy (FESEM). The synthesized In2O3 nanobricks were successfully immobilized on the surface of glassy carbon electrode for the detection of Parabens (butylparaben). Owing to the unique structure and intriguing properties of these In2O3 nanobricks, the nanostructured thin-film electrode has shown an obvious electrocatalytic activity for the detection of butylparaben (BP). The detection limit (LOD) was estimated as 3 s/m and the sensitivity (LOQ) was calculated as 10 s/m and were found to be 0.08 μM and 0.26 μA μM−1 cm−2 respectively. This sensor showed high sensitivity compared with the reported electrochemical sensors for the detection of BP. The fabricated sensor was successfully applied for the detection of butyl paraben in real cosmetic samples with good recovery ranging from 96.0 to 100.3%.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 5.401
Times cited: 11
DOI: 10.1016/J.SNB.2015.06.026
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“Multi-element analysis of urine by energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry”. Vos L, Robberecht H, Van Dyck P, Van Grieken R, Analytica chimica acta 130, 167 (1981). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)84161-1
Abstract: For multi-element analysis of human urine, 25-ml samples doped with yttrium as internal standard are evaporated gently and then ashed up to 460°C overnight. The residue is pelletized and analysed by energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence. Acid addition to facilitate the digestion is not mandatory. Recoveries are nearly quantitative for traces of Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Sr, to a lesser extent for lead, but not for arsenic or selenium. The standard deviation per measurement is typically around 6%. The detection limits are such that some 10 elements can be determined simultaneously in normal urine, and possibly more in cases of importance to toxicology or industrial hygiene.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)84161-1
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“Microchemical investigation of bone derived from mice treated with strontium in different chemical forms using scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy”. Jabłoński MB, Stefaniak EA, Darchuk L, Turzańska K, Gorzelak M, Kuduk R, Dorriné, W, Van Grieken R, Microchemical journal 108, 168 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.MICROC.2012.10.015
Abstract: We used SEM/EDX and micro-Raman spectroscopy to investigate the chemical changes (both on the level of elementary and molecular composition) of mice bones when strontium is incorporated in their microstructure after being administered in the form of two salts: chloride and ranelate. Strontium accumulated mainly in vicinity of bone edges, both cortical and close to bone marrow. The distribution of other elements comprising bone samples (Ca, P, Mg, K etc.) was also determined by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The area adjacent to a cortical bone edge with accumulated strontium has presented modified Raman spectral profiles. Besides most of the Raman bands typical for both mineral (hydroxyapatite with carbonate substitution type B) and organic phases of a bone, we observed a Raman band at 811 cm− 1. It was detected regularly in the sample with high strontium concentration.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.MICROC.2012.10.015
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Schalm O, Caen J, Janssens K (2007) Chemical composition of 19th century window glass originating from stianed glass windows located in Belgium. 169–178
Keywords: P2 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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