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“Corrosion protection of Cu by atomic layer deposition”. Cremers V, Rampelberg G, Baert K, Abrahami S, Claes N, de Oliveira TM, Terryn H, Bals S, Dendooven J, Detavernier C, Journal of vacuum science and technology: A: vacuum surfaces and films 37, 060902 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1116/1.5116136
Abstract: Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a vapor phase technique that is able to deposit uniform, conformal thin films with an excellent thickness control at the atomic scale. 18 nm thick Al2O3 and TiO2 coatings were deposited conformaly and pinhole-free onto micrometer-sized Cu powder, using trimethylaluminum and tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium(IV), respectively, as a precursor and de-ionized water as a reactant. The capability of the ALD coating to protect the Cu powder against corrosion was investigated. Therefore, the stability of the coatings was studied in solutions with different pH in the range of 0–14, and in situ raman spectroscopy was used to detect the emergence of corrosion products of Cu as an indication that the protective coating starts to fail. Both ALD coatings provide good protection at standard pH values in the range of 5–7. In general, the TiO2 coating shows a better barrier protection against corrosion than the Al2O3 coating. However, for the most extreme pH conditions, pH 0 and pH 14, the TiO2 coating starts also to degrade.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.374
Times cited: 7
DOI: 10.1116/1.5116136
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“Screen versus cyclone for improved capacity and robustness for sidestream and mainstream deammonification”. Van Winckel T, Vlaeminck SE, Al-Omari A, Bachmann B, Sturm B, Wett B, Takács I, Bott C, Murthy SN, De Clippeleir H, Environmental Science: Water Research &, Technology 5, 1769 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1039/C9EW00384C
Abstract: Deammonification systems are being implemented as cost- and resource-efficient nitrogen removal processes. However, their complexity is a major hurdle towards successful transposition from side- to mainstream application. Merely out-selecting nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) or retaining anammox bacteria (AnAOB) does not guarantee efficient mainstream deammonification. This paper presents for the first time the interactions and synergies between kinetic selection, through management of residual substrates, and physical selection, through separation of solid retention times (SRTs). This allowed the formulation of tangible operational recommendations for successful deammonification. Activity measurements were used to establish retention efficiencies (η) for AnAOB for full-scale cyclones and rotating drum screens installed at a sidestream and mainstream deammonification reactor (Strass, Austria). In the sidestream reactor, using a screen (η = 91%) instead of a cyclone (η = 88%) may increase the capacity by up to 29%. For the mainstream reactor, higher AnAOB retention efficiencies achieved by the screen (η = 72%) compared to the cyclone (η = 42%) induced a prospective increase in capacity by 80–90%. In addition, the switch in combination with bioaugmentation from the sidestream made the process less dependent on nitrite availability, thus aiding in the outselection of NOB. This allowed for a more flexible (intermittent) aeration strategy and a reduced need for tight SRT control for NOB washout. A sensitivity analysis explored expected trends to provide possible operational windows for further calibration. In essence, characterization of the physical selectors at full scale allowed a deeper understanding of operational windows of the process and quantification of capacity, ultimately leading to a more space and energy conservation process.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1039/C9EW00384C
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“Interstitial defects in the van der Waals gap of Bi2Se3”. Callaert C, Bercx M, Lamoen D, Hadermann J, Acta Crystallographica. Section B: Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials (Online) 75, 717 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1107/S2052520619008357
Abstract: Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>is a thermoelectric material and a topological insulator. It is slightly conducting in its bulk due to the presence of defects and by controlling the defects different physical properties can be fine tuned. However, studies of the defects in this material are often contradicting or inconclusive. Here, the defect structure of Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>is studied with a combination of techniques: high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HR-STEM), high-resolution energy-dispersive X-ray (HR-EDX) spectroscopy, precession electron diffraction tomography (PEDT), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and first-principles calculations using density functional theory (DFT). Based on these results, not only the observed defects are discussed, but also the discrepancies in results or possibilities across the techniques. STEM and EDX revealed interstitial defects with mainly Bi character in an octahedral coordination in the van der Waals gap, independent of the applied sample preparation method (focused ion beam milling or cryo-crushing). The inherent character of these defects is supported by their observation in the structure refinement of the EDT data. Moreover, the occupancy probability of the defects determined by EDT is inversely proportional to their corresponding DFT calculated formation energies. STEM also showed the migration of some atoms across and along the van der Waals gap. The kinetic barriers calculated using DFT suggest that some paths are possible at room temperature, while others are most probably beam induced.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.032
DOI: 10.1107/S2052520619008357
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“Leaching of two fungicides in spent mushroom substrate amended soil : I influence of amendment rate, fungicide ageing and flow condition”. Álvarez-Martín A, Sanchez-Martin MJ, Ordax JM, Marin-Benito JM, Sonia Rodriguez-Cruz M, The science of the total environment 584, 828 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.01.126
Abstract: A study has been conducted on the leaching of two fungicides, tebuconazole and cymoxanil, in a soil amended with spent mushroom substrate (SMS), with an evaluation of how different factors influence this process.The objective was based on the potential use of SMS as a biosorbent for immobilizing pesticides in vulnerable soils, and the need to know how it could affect the subsequent transport of these retained compounds. Breakthrough curves (BTCs) for C-14-fungicides, non-incubated and incubated over 30 days, were obtained in columns packed with an unamended soil (S), and this soil amended with SMS at rates of 5% (S + SMS5) and 50% (S + SMS50) under saturated and saturated-unsaturated flows. The highest leaching of tebuconazole (> 50% of the total C-14 added) was found in S when a saturated water flow was applied to the column, but the percentage of leached fungidde decreased when a saturated-unsaturated flow was applied in both SMS-amended soils. Also a significant decrease in teaching was observed for tebuconazole after incubation in the column, especially in S + SMS50 when both flows were applied. Furthermore, cymoxanil leaching was complete in S and S + SMS when a saturated flow was applied, and maximum peak concentrations were reached at 1 pore volume (PV), although BTCs showed peaks with lower concentrations in S + SMS. The amounts of cymoxanil retained only increased in S + SMS when a saturated-unsaturated flow was applied. A more relevant effect of SMS for reducing the leaching of fungidde was observed when cymoxanil was previously incubated in the column, although mineralization was enhanced in this case. These results are of interest for extending SMS application on the control of the leaching of fungicides with different physicochemical characteristics after different ageing times in the soil and water flow conditions applied. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.01.126
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“Sorption and desorption of organophosphate esters with different hydrophobicity by soils”. Cristale J, Álvarez-Martín A, Rodriguez-Cruz S, Sanchez-Martin MJ, Lacorte S, Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, 27870 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1007/S11356-017-0360-0
Abstract: Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are ubiquitous contaminants with potentially hazardous effects on both the environment and human health. Knowledge about the soil sorption-desorption process of organic chemicals is important in order to understand their fate, mobility, and bioavailability, enabling an estimation to be made of possible risks to the environment and biota. The aim of this study was to use the batch equilibrium technique to evaluate the sorption-desorption behavior of seven OPEs (TCEP, TCPP, TBEP, TDCP, TBP, TPhP, and EHDP) in soils with distinctive characteristics (two unamended soils and a soil amended with sewage sludge). The equilibrium concentrations of the OPEs were determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS/MS). All the compounds were sorbed by the soils, and soil organic carbon (OC) played an important role in this process. The sorption of the most soluble OPEs (TCEP, TCPP, and TBEP) depended on soil OC content, although desorption was 58.1%. The less water-soluble OPEs (TDCP, TBP, TPhP, and EHDP) recorded total sorption (100% for TPhP and EHDP) or very high sorption (34.9%) by all the soils and were not desorbed, which could be explained by their highly hydrophobic nature, as indicated by the logarithmic octanol/water partition coefficient (K-ow) values higher than 3.8, resulting in a high affinity for soil OC. The results of the sorption-desorption of the OPEs by soils with different characteristics highlighted the influence of these compounds' physicochemical properties and the content and nature of soil OC in this process.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-017-0360-0
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“Insights into the C Distribution in Si:C/Si:C:P and the Annealing Behavior of Si:C Layers”. Dhayalan SK, Nuytten T, Pourtois G, Simoen E, Pezzoli F, Cinquanta E, Bonera E, Loo R, Rosseel E, Hikavyy A, Shimura Y, Vandervorst W, ECS journal of solid state science and technology 8, P209 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1149/2.0181903JSS
Abstract: Si:C and Si:C:P alloys are potential candidates for source-drain stressor applications in n-type Fin Field Effect Transistors (FinFETs). Increasing the C content to achieve high strain results in the arrangement of C atoms as third nearest neighbors (3nn) in the Si: C lattice. During thermal annealing, the presence of C atoms as 3nn may promote clustering at the interstitial sites, causing loss of stress. The concentration of C atoms as 3nn is reduced by the incorporation of a small amount of Ge atoms during the growth, whereas in-situ P doping does not influence this 3nn distribution [J Solid State Sci. Technol vol 6, p 755, 2017]. Small amounts of Ge are provided during low temperature selective epitaxial growth scheme, which are based on cyclic deposition and etching (CDE). In this work, we aim to provide physical insights into the aforementioned phenomena, to understand the behavior of 3nn C atoms and the types of defects that are formed in the annealed Si: C films. Using ab-initio simulations, the Ge-C interaction in the Si matrix is investigated and this insight is used to explain how the Ge incorporation leads to a reduced 3nn distribution of the C atoms. The interaction between C and P in the Si: C: P films is also investigated to explain why the P incorporation has not led to a reduction in the 3nn distribution. We then report on the Raman characterization of Si: C layers subjected to post epi annealing. As the penetration depth of the laser is dependent on the wavelength, Raman measurements at two different wavelengths enable us to probe the depth distribution of 3nn C atoms after applying different annealing conditions. We observed a homogeneous loss in 3nn C throughout the layer. Whereas in the kinematic modeling of high resolution X-ray diffraction spectra, a gradient in the substitutional C loss was observed close to the epitaxial layer/substrate interface. This gradient can be due to the out diffusion of C atoms into the Si substrate or to the formation of interstitial C clusters, which cannot be distinguished in HR-XRD. Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy indicated that the prominent out-diffusing species was interstitial CO complex while the interstitial C defects were also prevalent in the epi layer. (c) 2019 The Electrochemical Society.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 1.787
DOI: 10.1149/2.0181903JSS
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“Disruption of self-organized striated structure induced by secondary electron emission in capacitive oxygen discharges”. Wang L, Wen D-Q, Zhang Q-Z, Song Y-H, Zhang Y-R, Wang Y-N, Plasma sources science and technology 28, 055007 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/AB17AE
Abstract: Self-organized striated structure has been observed experimentally and numerically in CF4 plasmas in radio-frequency capacitively coupled plasmas recently (Liu et al 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 255002). In this work, the striated structure is investigated in a capacitively coupled oxygen discharge with the introduction of the effect from the secondary electron emission, based on a particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision model. As we know, the transport of positive and negative ions plays a key role in the formation of striations in electronegative gases, for which, the electronegativity needs to be large enough. As the secondary electron emission increases, electrons in the sheaths gradually contribute more ionization to the discharge. Meanwhile, the increase of the electron density, especially in the plasma bulk, leads to an increased electrical conductivity and a reduced bulk electric field, which would shield the ions' mobility. These changes result in enlarged striation gaps. And then, with more emitted electrons, obvious disruption of the striations is observed accompanied with a transition of electron heating mode. Due to the weakened field, the impact ionization in the plasma bulk is attenuated, compared with the enhanced ionization caused by secondary electrons. This would lead to the electron heating mode transition from striated (STR) mode to gamma-mode. Besides, our investigation further reveals that gamma-mode is more likely to dominate the discharge under high gas pressures or driving voltages.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.302
Times cited: 2
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/AB17AE
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“In vitro and ex vivo assessment of microporous Faujasite zeolite (NaX-FAU) as a carrier for the oral delivery of danazol”. Kontogiannidou E, Karavasili C, Kouskoura MG, Filippousi M, Van Tendeloo G, Andreadis II, Eleftheriadis GK, Kontopoulou I, Markopoulou CK, Bouropoulos N, Fatouros DG, Journal of drug delivery science and technology 51, 177 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.JDDST.2019.02.036
Abstract: Microporous zeolite NaX-FAU has been systemically evaluated for the oral delivery of the poorly water-soluble compound danazol. For this purpose, danazol-loaded zeolitic particles were prepared by the incipient wetness method and were characterized by means of N-2 physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The zeolitic formulation shows a high drug payload and drug stability over a period of six months under accelerated storage conditions. The dissolution profile of danazol-loaded zeolitic particles was assessed in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) pH 1.2; fasted state simulated intestinal fluids (FaSSIF) and fed state simulated intestinal fluid (FeSSIF) showing a gradual and increasing drug dissolution in the different media. Ex vivo studies using the everted gut sac model show an increased drug transport across rat intestinal epithelium when loaded in the zeolitic particles. Our results suggest that microporous Faujasite zeolite (NaX-FAU) could be used as a drug delivery system to facilitate the oral delivery of poorly water soluble compounds.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.194
Times cited: 3
DOI: 10.1016/J.JDDST.2019.02.036
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“Molecular dynamics simulations of initial Pd and PdO nanocluster growth in a magnetron gas aggregation source”. Brault P, Chamorro-Coral W, Chuon S, Caillard A, Bauchire J-M, Baranton S, Coutanceau C, Neyts E, Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 13, 324 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1007/S11705-019-1792-5
Abstract: Molecular dynamics simulations are carried out for describing growth of Pd and PdO nanoclusters using the ReaxFF force field. The resulting nanocluster structures are successfully compared to those of nanoclusters experimentally grown in a gas aggregation source. The PdO structure is quasi-crystalline as revealed by high resolution transmission microscope analysis for experimental PdO nanoclusters. The role of the nanocluster temperature in the molecular dynamics simulated growth is highlighted.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 1.712
Times cited: 3
DOI: 10.1007/S11705-019-1792-5
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“Special Issue on future directions in plasma nanoscience”. Neyts EC, Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 13, 199 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1007/S11705-019-1843-Y
Keywords: Editorial; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 1.712
DOI: 10.1007/S11705-019-1843-Y
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“Plasma for cancer treatment: How can RONS penetrate through the cell membrane? Answers from computer modeling”. Bogaerts A, Yusupov M, Razzokov J, Van der Paal J, Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering (2019). http://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-018-1786-8
Abstract: Plasma is gaining increasing interest for cancer
treatment, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully
understood. Using computer simulations at the molecular
level, we try to gain better insight in how plasma-generated
reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) can
penetrate through the cell membrane. Specifically, we
compare the permeability of various (hydrophilic and
hydrophobic) RONS across both oxidized and nonoxidized cell membranes. We also study pore formation,
and how it is hampered by higher concentrations of
cholesterol in the cell membrane, and we illustrate the
much higher permeability of H2O2 through aquaporin
channels. Both mechanisms may explain the selective
cytotoxic effect of plasma towards cancer cells. Finally, we
also discuss the synergistic effect of plasma-induced
oxidation and electric fields towards pore formation.
Keywords plasma medicine, cancer treatment, computer
modelling, cell membrane, reactive oxygen and nitrogen
species
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 1.712
Times cited: 5
DOI: 10.1007/s11705-018-1786-8
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“LA-ICP-MS labels early medieval Tuscan finds from Siena and Donoratico as late natron glass”. Hellemans K, Cagno S, Bogana L, Janssens K, Mendera M, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 23, 844 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.JASREP.2018.12.002
Abstract: The late antique/early medieval age in Central Italy is a well-suited context to verify the implications of the end of the natron glass supplies, and to explore the beginnings of the new plant-ash glass technology. We present the results of a LA-ICP-MS analysis campaign conducted on archaeological glass finds excavated at the Santa Maria della Scala hospital site in Siena and in Donoratico. This provided us with major, minor and trace element quantitative data for 49 glass samples belonging to drinking vessels and lamps, dated mainly between the 5th and the 8th century. On the basis of these data, we have sought to identify the working processes and possible glassware trade that are reflected in the glass composition. Major and minor element contents revealed that most samples, also at the later boundary of the explored timeframe, fit well within known late Roman glass classifications (e.g. HIMT, Levantine). Trace element analysis provided further information on the raw materials that were used in the glassmaking process, indicating the use of coastal sands as a silica source and allowing us to formulate different hypotheses on the materials used for the colouring process.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; History; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Times cited: 3
DOI: 10.1016/J.JASREP.2018.12.002
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“Single-site metal-organic framework catalysts for the oxidative coupling of arenes via C-H/C-H activation”. Van Velthoven N, Waitschat S, Chavan SM, Liu P, Smolders S, Vercammen J, Bueken B, Bals S, Lillerud KP, Stock N, De Vos DE, Chemical science 10, 3616 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1039/C8SC05510F
Abstract: C-H activation reactions are generally associated with relatively low turnover numbers (TONs) and high catalyst concentrations due to a combination of low catalyst stability and activity, highlighting the need for recyclable heterogeneous catalysts with stable single-atom active sites. In this work, several palladium loaded metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were tested as single-site catalysts for the oxidative coupling of arenes (e.g. o-xylene) via C-H/C-H activation. Isolation of the palladium active sites on the MOF supports reduced Pd(0) aggregate formation and thus catalyst deactivation, resulting in higher turnover numbers (TONs) compared to the homogeneous benchmark reaction. Notably, a threefold higher TON could be achieved for palladium loaded MOF-808 due to increased catalyst stability and the heterogeneous catalyst could efficiently be reused, resulting in a cumulative TON of 1218 after three runs. Additionally, the palladium single-atom active sites on MOF-808 were successfully identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 8.668
Times cited: 68
DOI: 10.1039/C8SC05510F
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“Dissecting demand response : a quantile analysis of flexibility, household attitudes, and demographics”. Srivastava A, Van Passel S, Laes E, Energy Research and Social Science 52, 169 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ERSS.2019.02.011
Abstract: Demand response (DR) can aid with grid integration of renewables, ensuring security of supply, and reducing generation costs. However, not enough is known about how residential customers’ perceptions of DR shape their response to such programs. This paper offers a deeper understanding of – and reveals the heterogeneity in – this relationship by conducting a quantile regression analysis of a Belgian DR trial, combining data on response with information on household attitudes towards smart appliances. Results overall suggest that improving response requires subtle shifts in electricity consumption behaviour, which can be achieved through changes in user perceptions. Specifically, if customers are inclined to be flexible, a stronger perception of smart appliances as being beneficial can greatly improve response. With those who are less flexible, the cost of smart appliances is a bigger concern. Thus, when designing DR programs, policymakers should aim to promote modest behaviour changes – so as to minimise inconvenience – in customers, by improving awareness on the benefits of smart appliances. Uptake of such DR programs may be improved by explaining the financial benefits or offering incentives to less flexible population segments. Lastly, improving response among older population segments will require a deeper investigation into their concerns.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM)
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.1016/J.ERSS.2019.02.011
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“Evaluation of polyvinyl alcohol–borax/agarose (PVA–B/AG) blend hydrogels for removal of deteriorated consolidants from ancient Egyptian wall paintings”. Al-Emam E, Motawea AG, Janssens K, Caen J, Heritage science 7, 22 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1186/S40494-019-0264-Z
Abstract: This study concerns the assessment of a new polyvinyl alcohol–borax/agarose blend hydrogel (PVA–B/AG) tailored for the conservation of ancient Egyptian wall paintings. The increasing problems of deteriorated consolidants affecting ancient wall paintings have attracted the interest of conservation scientists in the last 20 years. The ability of a new blend for removing aged Paraloid® B-72 layers from painted stone and plaster samples has been evaluated. The hydrogel blend was used to expose the aged Paraloid in a controlled manner to six different cleaning system (CS). CS1–CS4 consist of solvents or solvent mixtures; CS5 and CS6 are nanostructured fluids (NSFs). The evaluation of the removal process was carried out by quantitative and qualitative methods, namely, visual examination, 3D microscopy, contact angle and colorimetric measurements and by Fourier transform infra-red spectrometry in reflectance mode. The results showed that the PVA–B/AG blend hydrogel, loaded with specific cleaning systems, was able to remove deteriorated B-72 and allowed to restore the painted surface to a state close to the original one. The PVA–B/AG blend showed good workability, permitting it to be easily cut, shaped, applied and removed. It could also be verified by means of different investigation methods that the blend left no detectable residues. As a final realistic check of the method, the PVA–B/AG hydrogel loaded with the best functioning cleaning system (CS3) was used to remove an aged consolidant layer from an ancient Egyptian wall painting.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
Times cited: 2
DOI: 10.1186/S40494-019-0264-Z
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“Resonant bound bipolarons in a superlattice in a high magnetic field”. Shi JM, Peeters FM, Devreese JT, Surface science : a journal devoted to the physics and chemistry of interfaces 361/362, 397 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(96)00430-X
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Theory of quantum systems and complex systems
Impact Factor: 1.925
DOI: 10.1016/0039-6028(96)00430-X
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“Electrons in a periodic magnetic field”. Ibrahim IS, Peeters FM, Surface science : a journal devoted to the physics and chemistry of interfaces 361/362, 341 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(96)00417-7
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 1.925
Times cited: 3
DOI: 10.1016/0039-6028(96)00417-7
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“Stability and dynamical properties of a double-layer Wigner crystal in two dimensions”. Goldoni G, Schweigert V, Peeters FM, Surface science : a journal devoted to the physics and chemistry of interfaces 361/362, 163 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(96)00359-7
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 1.925
Times cited: 4
DOI: 10.1016/0039-6028(96)00359-7
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“Magneto-oscillations of the gate current in a laterally modulated two-dimensional electron gas”. Blom FAP, Peeters FM, van de Zanden K, van Hove M, Surface science : a journal devoted to the physics and chemistry of interfaces 361/362, 851 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(96)00549-3
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 1.925
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.1016/0039-6028(96)00549-3
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“Study of the Q&prime, (Q)-phase precipitation in Al–Mg–Si–Cu alloys by quantification of atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy images and atom probe tomography”. Ding L, Orekhov A, Weng Y, Jia Z, Idrissi H, Schryvers D, Muraishi S, Hao L, Liu Q, Journal of materials science 54, 7943 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-03427-6
Abstract: The precipitation mechanism of the Q phase in Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys has long been the subject of ambiguity and debate since its metastable phase (Q 0) has the same crystal structure and similar lattice parameters as its equilibrium counterparts. In the present work, the evolution of the Q 0 (Q) phase during aging is studied by combination of quantitative atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography. It was found that the transformation from the Q 0 to the Q phase involves changes of the occupancy of Al atoms in atomic columns of the Q 0 (Q) phase. The Al atoms incorporated in the Cu, Si and Mg columns are gradually released into the Al matrix, while mixing between Cu and Si atoms occurs in the Si columns. This transformation process is mainly attributed to the low lattice misfit of the equilibrium Q phase. Besides, the formation of various compositions of the Q phase is due to the different occupancy in the atomic columns of the Q phase. The occupancy changes in the columns of the Q phase are kinetically controlled and are strongly influenced by the alloy composition and aging temperature.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.599
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.1007/s10853-019-03427-6
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“Transmission electron microscopy study of complex oxide scales on DIN 1.4970 steel exposed to liquid Pb-Bi eutectic”. Charalampopoulou E, Delville R, Verwerft M, Lambrinou K, Schryvers D, Corrosion science 147, 22 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2018.10.018
Abstract: The deployment of Gen-IV lead-cooled fast reactors requires a good compatibility between the selected structural/cladding steels and the inherently corrosive heavy liquid metal coolant. An effective liquid metal corrosion mitigation strategy involves the in-situ steel passivation in contact with the oxygen-containing Pb-alloy coolant. Transmission electron microscopy was used in this work to study the multi-layered oxide scales forming on an austenitic stainless steel fuel cladding exposed to oxygen-containing (CO ≈ 10−6 mass%) static liquid leadbismuth eutectic (LBE) for 1000 h between 400 and 500 °C. The oxide scale constituents were analyzed, including the intertwined phases comprising the innermost biphasic layer.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Times cited: 5
DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2018.10.018
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“Effects of silicon doping on strengthening adhesion at the interface of the hydroxyapatite-titanium biocomposite : a first-principles study”. Grubova IY, Surmeneva MA, Huygh S, Surmenev RA, Neyts EC, Computational materials science 159, 228 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMMATSCI.2018.12.026
Abstract: In this paper we employ first-principles calculations to investigate the effect of substitutional Si doping in the amorphous calcium-phosphate (a-HAP) structure on the work of adhesion, integral charge transfer, charge density difference and theoretical tensile strengths between an a-HAP coating and amorphous titanium dioxide (a-TiO2) substrate systemically. Our calculations demonstrate that substitution of a P atom by a Si atom in a-HAP (a-Si-HAP) with the creation of OH-vacancies as charge compensation results in a significant increase of the bonding strength of the coating to the substrate. The work of adhesion of the optimized Si-doped interfaces reaches a value of up to -2.52 J m(-2), which is significantly higher than for the stoichiometric a-HAP/a-TiO2. Charge density difference analysis indicates that the dominant interactions at the interface have significant covalent character, and in particular two Ti-O and three Ca-O bonds are formed for a-Si-HAP/a-TiO2 and one Ti-O and three Ca-O bonds for a-HAP/a-TiO2. From the stress-strain curve, the Young's modulus of a-Si-HAP/a-TiO2 is calculated to be about 25% higher than that of the a-HAP/a-TiO2, and the yielding stress is about 2 times greater than that of the undoped model. Our calculations therefore demonstrate that the presence of Si in the a-HAP structure strongly alters not only the bioactivity and resorption rates, but also the mechanical properties of the a-HAP/a-TiO2 interface. The results presented here provide an important theoretical insight into the nature of the chemical bonding at the a-HAP/a-TiO2 interface, and are particularly significant for the practical medical applications of HAP-based biomaterials.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 2.292
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.1016/J.COMMATSCI.2018.12.026
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“Modelling environmental impacts of treated municipal wastewater reuse for tree crops irrigation in the Mediterranean coastal region”. Moretti M, Van Passel S, Camposeo S, Pedrero F, Dogot T, Lebailly P, Vivaldi GA, Science Of The Total Environment 660, 1513 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.01.043
Abstract: Wastewater reuse provides valuable solutions to solve the societal challenges of decreasing availability and limiting access to secure water resources. The present study quantifies the environmental performance of nectarine orchards irrigation using treated municipal wastewater (TMW) and surface water using a unique dataset based on field experimental data. Climate change, toxicity (for human and freshwater), eutrophication (marine and freshwater) and acidification impacts were analysed using the impact assessment method suggested by the International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD). The water footprint associated to the life cycles of each system has been estimated using the Available WAter REmaining (AWARE) method. Monte Carlo simulation was used to assess data uncertainty. The irrigation of nectarine orchards using TMW performs better than the irrigation using surface water for eutrophication impact categories. Compared with surface water resources, the potential impacts of TMW reuse in agriculture on climate change and toxicity are affected by the wastewater treatment phase (WWT). Only eutrophication and acidification burdens are generated by in-field substitution of surface water with TMW. Considering human and ecosystem water demand, the irrigation with TMW increases water consumption of 19.12 m3 per kg of nectarine produced. Whereas, it shows a positive contribution to water stress (−0.19 m3) if only human water demand is considered. This study provides important results that allow for a better understanding of the potential environmental consequences of TMW reuse in agriculture. It suggests that embracing the type of WWTs, the replacement of fertilizers, the effects on water scarcity and ecosystem quality might be useful to redefine water reuse regulations and increase public acceptance for the reuse of TMW in agriculture. Moreover, this study reveals the need for developing consensus and standardized guidance for life cycle analysis of water reuse applications.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
Impact Factor: 4.9
Times cited: 4
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.01.043
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“Nontarget biomolecules alter macromolecular changes induced by bactericidal low-temperature plasma”. Privat-Maldonado A, Gorbanev Y, O'Connell D, Vann R, Chechik V, van der Woude MW, IEEE transactions on radiation and plasma medical sciences 2, 121 (2018). http://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2017.2761405
Abstract: Low-temperature plasmas (LTPs) have a proven bactericidal activity governed by the generated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) that target microbial cell components. However, RONS also interact with biomolecules in the environment. Here we assess the impact of these interactions upon exposure of liquid suspensions with variable organic content to an atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma jet. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium viability in the suspension was reduced in the absence [e. g., phosphate buffered saline (PBS)], but not in the presence of (high) organic content [Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM), DMEM supplemented with foetal calf serum, and Lysogeny Broth]. The reduced viability of LTP-treated bacteria in PBS correlated to a loss of membrane integrity, whereas double-strand DNA breaks could not be detected in treated single cells. The lack of bactericidal activity in solutions with high organic content correlated with a relative decrease of center dot OH and O-3/O-2(a(1)Delta g)/O, and an increase of H2O2 and NO2- in the plasma-treated solutions. These results indicate that the redox reactions of LTP-generated RONS with nontarget biomolecules resulted in a RONS composition with reduced bactericidal activity. Therefore, the chemical composition of the bacterial environment should be considered in the development of LTP for antimicrobial treatment, and may affect other biomedical applications as well.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
DOI: 10.1109/TRPMS.2017.2761405
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“Non‐Thermal Plasma as a Unique Delivery System of Short‐Lived Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species for Immunogenic Cell Death in Melanoma Cells”. Lin A, Gorbanev Y, De Backer J, Van Loenhout J, Van Boxem W, Lemière F, Cos P, Dewilde S, Smits E, Bogaerts A, Advanced Science 6, 1802062 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201802062
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Center for Oncological Research (CORE)
Impact Factor: 9.034
Times cited: 39
DOI: 10.1002/advs.201802062
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“Influence of 4H-SiC substrate miscut on the epitaxy and microstructure of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures”. Gkanatsiou A, Lioutas CB, Frangis N, Polychroniadis EK, Prystawko P, Leszczynski M, Altantzis T, Van Tendeloo G, Materials science in semiconductor processing 91, 159 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2018.11.008
Abstract: AlGaN/GaN heterostructures were grown on “on-axis” and 2° off (0001) 4H-SiC substrates by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). Structural characterization was performed by transmission electron microscopy. The dislocation density, being greater in the on-axis case, is gradually reduced in the GaN layer and is forming
dislocation loops in the lower region. Steps aligned along [11̅00] in the off-axis case give rise to simultaneous defect formation. In the on-axis case, an almost zero density of steps is observed, with the main origin of defects probably being the orientation mismatch at the grain boundaries between the small not fully coalesced AlN grains. V-shaped formations are observed in the AlN nucleation layer, but are more frequent in the off-axis case, probably enhanced by the presence of steps. These V-shaped formations are completely overgrown by the GaN layer, during the subsequent deposition, presenting AlGaN areas in the walls of the defect, indicating an interdiffusion between the layers. Finally, at the AlGaN/GaN heterostructure surface in the on-axis case, V-shapes are observed, with the AlN spacer and AlGaN (21% Al) thickness on relaxed GaN exceeding the critical thickness for relaxation. On the other hand, no relaxation in the form of V-shape creation is observed in the off-axis case, probably due to the smaller AlGaN thickness (less than 21% Al). The AlN spacer layer, grown in between the heterostructure, presents a uniform thickness and clear interfaces.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.359
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.1016/j.mssp.2018.11.008
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“Quantitative determination of C60 and C70 in soot extracts by high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric characterization”. van Cleempoel A, Gijbels R, Zhu D, Claeys M, Richter H, Fonseca A, Fullerene science and technology 4, 1001 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1080/10641229608001158
Abstract: A quantitative HPLC method was applied to determine the amounts of C-60 and C-70 present in extracts of soot produced in the electric arc reactor and in flames. The combustion method was found to yield a higher C-70/C-60 ratio (0.67) compared with the evaporation experiment where the C-70/C-60 ratio amounts to 0.27.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 0.836
Times cited: 6
DOI: 10.1080/10641229608001158
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“Three-dimensional modeling of energy transport in a gliding arc discharge in argon”. Kolev S, Bogaerts A, Plasma Sources Science &, Technology 27, 125011 (2018). http://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/aaf29c
Abstract: In this work we study energy transport in a gliding arc discharge with two diverging flat
electrodes in argon gas at atmospheric pressure. The discharge is ignited at the shortest electrode
gap and it is pushed downstream by a forced gas flow. The current values considered are
relatively low and therefore a non-equilibrium plasma is produced. We consider two cases, i.e.
with high and low discharge current (28 mA and 2.8mA), and a constant gas flow of 10 lmin −1 ,
with a significant turbulent component to the velocity. The study presents an analysis of the
various energy transport mechanisms responsible for the redistribution of Joule heating to the
plasma species and the moving background gas. The objective of this work is to provide a
general understanding of the role of the different energy transport mechanisms in arc formation
and sustainment, which can be used to improve existing or new discharge designs. The work is
based on a three-dimensional numerical model, combining a fluid plasma model, the shear stress
transport Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes turbulent gas flow model, and a model for gas
thermal balance. The obtained results show that at higher current the discharge is constricted
within a thin plasma column several hundred kelvin above room temperature, while in the low-
current discharge the combination of intense convective cooling and low Joule heating prevents
discharge contraction and the plasma column evolves to a static non-moving diffusive plasma,
continuously cooled by the flowing gas. As a result, the energy transport in the two cases is
determined by different mechanisms. At higher current and a constricted plasma column, the
plasma column is cooled mainly by turbulent transport, while at low current and an unconstricted
plasma, the major cooling mechanism is energy transport due to non-turbulent gas convection. In
general, the study also demonstrates the importance of turbulent energy transport in
redistributing the Joule heating in the arc and its significant role in arc cooling and the formation
of the gas temperature profile. In general, the turbulent energy transport lowers the average gas
temperature in the arc, thus allowing additional control of thermal non-equilibrium in the
discharge.
Keywords: A1 Journal Article; gliding arc discharge, sliding arc discharge, energy transport, fluid plasma model, atmospheric pressure plasmas; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
Impact Factor: 3.302
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/aaf29c
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“Nanosecond-pulsed DBD plasma-generated reactive oxygen species trigger immunogenic cell death in A549 lung carcinoma cells through intracellular oxidative stress”. Lin A, Truong B, Patel S, Kaushik N, Choi EH, Fridman G, Fridman A, Miller V, International journal of molecular sciences 18, 966 (2017). http://doi.org/10.3390/IJMS18050966
Abstract: A novel application for non-thermal plasma is the induction of immunogenic cancer cell death for cancer immunotherapy. Cells undergoing immunogenic death emit danger signals which facilitate anti-tumor immune responses. Although pathways leading to immunogenic cell death are not fully understood; oxidative stress is considered to be part of the underlying mechanism. Here; we studied the interaction between dielectric barrier discharge plasma and cancer cells for oxidative stress-mediated immunogenic cell death. We assessed changes to the intracellular oxidative environment after plasma treatment and correlated it to emission of two danger signals: surface-exposed calreticulin and secreted adenosine triphosphate. Plasma-generated reactive oxygen and charged species were recognized as the major effectors of immunogenic cell death. Chemical attenuators of intracellular reactive oxygen species successfully abrogated oxidative stress following plasma treatment and modulated the emission of surface-exposed calreticulin. Secreted danger signals from cells undergoing immunogenic death enhanced the anti-tumor activity of macrophages. This study demonstrated that plasma triggers immunogenic cell death through oxidative stress pathways and highlights its potential development for cancer immunotherapy.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
DOI: 10.3390/IJMS18050966
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“Plasma streamer propagation in structured catalysts”. Zhang Q-Z, Bogaerts A, Plasma Sources Science &, Technology 27, 105013 (2018). http://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/aae430
Abstract: Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various environmental applications. Catalytic
material can be inserted in different shapes in the plasma, e.g., as pellets, (coated) beads, but also
as honeycomb monolith and 3DFD structures, also called ‘structured catalysts’, which have high
mass and heat transfer properties. In this work, we examine the streamer discharge propagation
and the interaction between plasma and catalysts, inside the channels of such structured catalysts,
by means of a two-dimensional particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision model. Our results reveal
that plasma streamers behave differently in various structured catalysts. In case of a honeycomb
structure, the streamers are limited to only one channel, with low or high plasma density when
the channels are parallel or perpendicular to the electrodes, respectively. In contrast, in case of a
3DFD structure, the streamers can distribute to different channels, causing discharge
enhancement due to surface charging on the dielectric walls of the structured catalyst, and
especially giving rise to a broader plasma distribution. The latter should be beneficial for plasma
catalysis applications, as it allows a larger catalyst surface area to be exposed to the plasma.
Keywords: A1 Journal Article; plasma catalysis, streamer propagation, 3D structures, PIC/MCC; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
Impact Factor: 3.302
Times cited: 3
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/aae430
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