|
“A microanalytical study of the gills of aluminium-exposed rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)”. Goossenaerts C, Van Grieken R, Jacob W, Witters H, Vanderborght O, International journal of environmental analytical chemistry 34, 227 (1988). http://doi.org/10.1080/03067319808026840
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1080/03067319808026840
|
|
“Characterization of individual estuarine and marine particles by LAMMA and EPXMA”. Wouters L, Bernard P, Van Grieken R, International journal of environmental analytical chemistry 34, 17 (1988). http://doi.org/10.1080/03067318808029918
Abstract: Laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) was applied to particulate matter from the Atlantic Ocean. Inferring information about the surface layer by LAMMA was not probe X-ray microanalysis (EPXMA). Geochemically relevant groups of particles had been identified by EPXMA and cluster analysis. For both locations, the most abundant ones appeared to be those rich in silicon and the alumino-silicates. Afterwards LAMMA was applied to obtain more information about the trace element composition and surface characteristics. The iron-rich phase appeared to contain significant amounts of heavy metals and of phosphate. Lead appeared to be associated in detectable amounts with alumino-silicates in the Scheldt but not with those in the Atlantic Ocean. Inferring information about the surface layer by LAMMA was not always unambiguous.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1080/03067318808029918
|
|
“Investigation of heterogeneous reactions of PAH's on particle surfaces using laser microprobe mass analysis”. Niessner R, Klockow D, Bruynseels F, Van Grieken R, International journal of environmental analytical chemistry 22, 281 (1985). http://doi.org/10.1080/03067318508076427
Abstract: Artificially generated NaCl particles were coated with PAH's by using a condensation technique. These particles were exposed to reactive gases like ozone, bromine and nitrogen dioxide. The original as well as the exposed particles were investigated by fluorimetric analysis and by LAMMA (Laser Microprobe Mass Analysis) in the desorption mode, which allows the evaporation and characterization of surfaces of single particles. The results are interpreted in terms of possible heterogeneous atmospheric reactions. The reactivity of the considered PAH's towards nitrogen dioxide was found to be negligible. The structure of the reaction products formed with ozone was partially elucidated.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1080/03067318508076427
|
|
“Characterization of individual particle types in coastal air by laser microprobe mass analysis”. Bruynseels F, Storms H, Tavares T, Van Grieken R, International journal of environmental analytical chemistry 23, 1 (1985). http://doi.org/10.1080/03067318508076430
Abstract: Laser Microprobe Mass Analysis (LAMMA) was used in a preliminary study to characterize aerosol particles from a beach and inland sites and from a heavily industrialized area. As many as six types of both positive and negative mass spectra with different inorganic and organic signals could be distinguished in the different particle size ranges. Information about the elemental composition and the speciation of S and N was obtained. With increasing distance from sea, progressive uptake of nitrate in seasalt particles was found. Complex particles, containing soot and organic ammonium sulfate, were also detected.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1080/03067318508076430
|
|
“Co-precipitation with iron hydroxide and X-ray fluorescence analysis of trace metals in water”. Chakravorty R, Van Grieken R, International journal of environmental analytical chemistry 11, 67 (1982). http://doi.org/10.1080/03067318208071563
Abstract: Preconcentration of transition trace ions by coprecipitation on iron-hydroxide has been combined with energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence for environmental water analysis. The optimized preconcentration procedure implies adding 2 mg of iron to a 200 ml water sample, adding dilute NaOH up to pH 9, filtering off on a Nuclepore membrane after a 1 h equilibration time, and analyzing. Quantitative recoveries could then be obtained for Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb, e.g. at the 10 μg/l level in waters of varying salinity while Mn was partially collected. (In fact, for a given problem the iron carrier amount can be adjusted to obtain a satisfactory compromise between high recovery and low detection limit). The precision is 7-8% at the 10 μg/l level, and the detection limits are in the 0.5-1 μg/l range. Various environmental water samples are analysed by way of illustration.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1080/03067318208071563
|
|
“Chelating 2,2′-diaminodiethylamine cellulose filters and X-ray fluorescence for preconcentration and trace analysis of natural waters”. Smits J, Van Grieken R, International journal of environmental analytical chemistry 9, 81 (1981). http://doi.org/10.1080/03067318108071902
Abstract: The 2,2′-diaminodiethylamine (DEN) functional group can be expected to have ideal properties for the chelation of transition metals and their collection from aqueous solutions, independent of the alkali and alkaline earth ions concentration. Introducing DEN into cellulose filters allows straightforward preconcentration of trace cations by a simple filtration step, and the DEN-filter constitutes a suitable target for X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. The linearity between the XRF-response on the loaded DEN-filter and the trace cation concentration in the solution appears excellent, up to a total filter capacity of ca. 3 μeq.cm−2. The detection limits are around 0.5 μg. l−1 in most practical cases. Accuracy and precision are around 10%. The applicability of the proposed procedure is illustrated on a comparative basis by XRF-analysis of drinking water and surface water, after preconcentration by DEN-filtration and by alternative procedures.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1080/03067318108071902
|
|
“Trace metal analysis of water containing humic substances by X-ray fluorescence”. Vanderborght BM, Van Grieken RE, International journal of environmental analytical chemistry 5, 221 (1978). http://doi.org/10.1080/03067317808071147
Abstract: Chelation by oxine followed by adsorption on activated carbon results in the efficient collection of many trace metal ions, independent of the trace metal concentration and of high alkali and alkaline earth ion abundances. Preconcentration factors around 10000 are often achieved. When this preconcentration procedure is combined with energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, accurate and precise analysis can be carried out, as was proven in several experiments. The technique can also be applied for the determination of divalent ions in natural waters containing up to 10 ppm of humic substances. Trivalent ions can quantitatively be collected from natural water provided suKicient activated carbon is added. Omitting the oxine chelation prior to the activated carbon adsorption step still results in collection of a sometimes important fraction of the trace metal ions from natural waters. This is related to organically bound or colloidal forms of the trace metals.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1080/03067317808071147
|
|
“Losses of metabolically incorporated selenium in common digestion procedures for biological material”. Robberecht HJ, Van Grieken RE, Van den Bosch PA, Deelstra H, vanden Berghe D, Talanta : the international journal of pure and applied analytical chemistry 29, 1025 (1982). http://doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(82)80244-0
Abstract: Two common procedures for wet destruction of biological materials for subsequent determination of selenium have been investigated. Rat organs and biological fluids were endogenously labelled with 75Se to monitor losses during the procedures. Addition of nitric and perchloric acids with gradual heating up to 210° seemed to be the best method: at this temperature the labelled selenium was still recovered quantitatively, and the destruction was fast and efficient.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0039-9140(82)80244-0
|
|
“Water analysis by spark-source mass-spectrometry after preconcentration on activated carbon”. Vanderborght BM, Van Grieken RE, Talanta : the international journal of pure and applied analytical chemistry 27, 417 (1980). http://doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(80)80225-6
Abstract: For trace analyses of environmental waters, spark-source mass-spectrometry has been combined with a preconcentration procedure involving chelation of the dissolved trace elements with oxine and subsequent adsorption of the oxinates and naturally occurring organic and colloidal metal species onto activated carbon. The activated carbon is filtered off and ashed at low temperature. The residue is dissolved, an internal standard and pure graphite are added and, after drying, the electrodes are prepared. The photographically recorded mass spectrum is evaluated by a suitable computer routine. The error of the procedure is around 30%. While this preconcentration and analysis procedure is capable of measuring about 40 elements quantitatively, in practice 1025 trace elements are determined simultaneously above the 0.1-μg/l. detection limit, as is illustrated by analyses of drinking water, surface and ground water samples. Although a sophisticated technique, SSMS can be considered for regular panoramic survey analyses.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0039-9140(80)80225-6
|
|
“Co-crystallization with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol, and X-ray fluorescence, for trace metal analysis of water”. Vanderstappen MG, Van Grieken RE, Talanta : the international journal of pure and applied analytical chemistry 25, 653 (1978). http://doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(78)80166-0
Abstract: Adding 20mg of 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) to a water sample at 70°, and filtering off the precipitate after cooling, gives efficient preconcentration prior to X-ray fluorescence analysis of water. Up to the capacity of about 100 μeq of PAN used, the trace metal recoveries are around 90% or higher for Cr3+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Hg2+ and Eu3+, and above 70% for many other ions. The recovery yields usually do not vary critically with pH in the neutral pH-range, and are practically independent of the sample salinity, sample volume and trace-metal concentration. Enrichment factors as high as 2 × 105 can be achieved. Counting statistics would then allow detection limits of 0.03 ppM. The blank levels in commercial PAN, however, lead to typical detection limits of about 1 ppm. The coefficient of variation is typically in the 510% range at the 10-ppM level. The accuracy and applicability of the procedure are illustrated by comparative analyses on samples of synthetic solutions, river and drinking water.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0039-9140(78)80166-0
|
|
“Determination of protein-bound copper and zinc in some organs of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis L”. Decleir W, Vlaeminck A, Geladi P, Van Grieken R, Comparative biochemistry and physiology : B : biochemistry and molecular biology 60, 347 (1978). http://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(78)90057-3
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(78)90057-3
|
|
“X-ray spectrometry”. Markowicz AA, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry 62, 101r (1990). http://doi.org/10.1021/AC00211A001
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/AC00211A001
|
|
“Discrimination between coprecipitated and adsorbed lead on individual calcite particles using laser microprobe mass analysis”. Wouters LC, Van Grieken RE, Linton RW, Bauer CF, Analytical chemistry 60, 2218 (1988). http://doi.org/10.1021/AC00171A011
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/AC00171A011
|
|
“X-ray spectrometry”. Markowicz AA, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry 60, 28r (1988). http://doi.org/10.1021/AC00163A002
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/AC00163A002
|
|
“Absorption correction in electron probe x-ray microanalysis of thin samples”. Markowicz AA, Storms HM, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry 58, 1282 (1986). http://doi.org/10.1021/AC00298A003
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/AC00298A003
|
|
“X-ray spectrometry”. Markowicz AA, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry 58, 279r (1986). http://doi.org/10.1021/AC00296A019
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/AC00296A019
|
|
“Enhancement effect in X-ray fluorescence analysis of environmental samples of medium thickness”. Van Dyck PM, Török SB, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry 58, 1761 (1986). http://doi.org/10.1021/AC00121A036
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/AC00121A036
|
|
“Laser microprobe mass spectrometric identification of sulfur species in single micrometer-size particles”. Bruynseels FJ, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry 56, 871 (1984). http://doi.org/10.1021/AC00270A004
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/AC00270A004
|
|
“Embedded ion exchange beads as standards for laser microprobe mass analysis of biological specimens”. Verbueken AH, Van Grieken RE, Paulus GJ, De Bruijn WC, Analytical chemistry 56, 1362 (1984). http://doi.org/10.1021/AC00272A036
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/AC00272A036
|
|
“Atomic number correction in electron probe X-ray microanalysis of curved samples and particles”. Markowicz AA, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry 56, 2798 (1984). http://doi.org/10.1021/AC00278A036
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/AC00278A036
|
|
“Composition dependence of Bremsstrahlung background in electron-probe x-ray microanalysis”. Markowicz AA, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry 56, 2049 (1984). http://doi.org/10.1021/AC00276A016
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/AC00276A016
|
|
“Laser microprobe mass spectrometry : 1 : basic principles and performance characteristics”. Denoyer E, Van Grieken R, Adams F, Ntausch DFS, Analytical chemistry 54, 26a (1982). http://doi.org/10.1021/AC00238A722
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/AC00238A722
|
|
“Absorption correction via scattered radiation in energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis for samples of variable composition and thickness”. Van Dyck PM, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry 52, 1859 (1980). http://doi.org/10.1021/AC50062A020
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/AC50062A020
|
|
“Characterization of a 2,2'-diaminodiethylamine-cellulose filter toward metal cation extraction”. Smits JA, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry 52, 1479 (1980). http://doi.org/10.1021/AC50059A022
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/AC50059A022
|
|
“Sub-part-per-billion determination of total dissolved selenium and selenite in environmental waters by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry”. Robberecht HJ, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry 52, 449 (1980). http://doi.org/10.1021/AC50053A017
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/AC50053A017
|
|
“Enrichment of trace metals in water by adsorption on activated carbon”. Vanderborght BM, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry 49, 311 (1977)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
|
|
“Geometry errors in 14 MeV neutron activation analysis”. Van Grieken R, Speecke A, Hoste J, Journal of radioanalytical chemistry 13, 225 (1973). http://doi.org/10.1007/BF02514126
Abstract: The effects of inaccurate sample sizes and sample positioning on 14 MeV neutron activation analysis results are estimated for 30, 20 and 10 mm diameter targets. It appears that axial positioning is the most critical parameter and that using a larger tritium target will yield an overall improvement of the reproducibility.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/BF02514126
|
|
“Spatial neutron flux distributions around A 14 MeV neutron generator”. Van Grieken R, Speecke A, Hoste J, Journal of radioanalytical chemistry 10, 95 (1972). http://doi.org/10.1007/BF02518771
Abstract: The neutron flux distribution in the vicinity of 30, 20 and 10 mm diameter targets is measured by irradiating concentric ring-type iron monitors at different distances from the target and counting the induced56Mn activity. Considering the many uncertainties, satisfactory agreement was found between theory and experiment.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/BF02518771
|
|
“The half-life of 28Al”. Van Schandevijl R, Van Grieken R, Hoste J, Journal of radioanalytical chemistry 9, 55 (1971). http://doi.org/10.1007/BF02514012
Abstract: The half-life of28Al was redetermined on aluminium samples of different origin. Three different counting techniques were applied. The availability of highly purified samples (up to 99.9999%), the use of very fast electronic counting equipment and a complete automatisation allowed a good precision to be obtained in the final result of 2.2405 min.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/BF02514012
|
|
“Simultaneous determination of silicon and phosphorus in cast iron by 14 MeV neutron activation analysis”. Van Grieken R, Speecke A, Hoste J, Journal of radioanalytical chemistry 6, 385 (1970). http://doi.org/10.1007/BF02513966
Abstract: A fast (10 min), non-destructive simultaneous determination of silicon and phosphorus in cast iron and steel by 14 MeV neutron activation was developed. The 1.78 MeV28Al activity (T=2.24 min) induced by the reaction28Si(n, p)28Al is counted on a NaI(Tl) detector. Two measurements are made to correct for the 1.81 MeV56Mn activity (T=2.58 hr) from the iron matrix. However,28Al is also produced via31P(n, α)28Al. By (n, 2n) reaction, phosphorus yields also30P (T=2.6 min), the 0.511 MeV annihilation radiation of which is counted by two opposite NaI(Tl) detectors in coincidence. Again, two successive coincidence measurements are carried out in order to take into account the53Fe activity (β+; T=8.9 min) from54Fe(n, 2n)53Fe. The28Al measurement is appropriately corrected via the computed phosphorus content. An oxygen flux monitor was used to normalize to the same flux. Nuclear interferences have been examined. Special attention has been paid to the presence of copper. The standard deviation for phosphorus being as high as ca. 0.09% P for a single determination, this technique can only be practical as an independent phosphorus analysis for high phosphorus cast irons. The precision on the28Al measurement is 5% relative for 0.2% Si and 2.5% above 1% Si.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/BF02513966
|