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Author |
Monico, L.; van der Snickt, G.; Janssens, K.; de Nolf, W.; Miliani, C.; Dik, J.; Radepont, M.; Hendriks, E.; Geldof, M.; Cotte, M. |
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Title |
Degradation process of lead chromate in paintings by Vincent van Gogh studied by means of synchrotron X-ray spectromicroscopy and related methods : 2 : original paint layer samples |
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A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Analytical chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anal Chem |
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Volume |
83 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1224-1231 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
The darkening of the original yellow areas painted with the chrome yellow pigment (PbCrO4, PbCrO4·xPbSO4, or PbCrO4·xPbO) is a phenomenon widely observed on several paintings by Vincent van Gogh, such as the famous different versions of Sunflowers. During our previous investigations on artificially aged model samples of lead chromate, we established for the first time that darkening of chrome yellow is caused by reduction of PbCrO4 to Cr2O3·2H2O (viridian green), likely accompanied by the presence of another Cr(III) compound, such as either Cr2(SO4)3·H2O or (CH3CO2)7Cr3(OH)2 [chromium(III) acetate hydroxide]. In the second part of this work, in order to demonstrate that this reduction phenomenon effectively takes place in real paintings, we study original paint samples from two paintings of V. van Gogh. As with the model samples, in view of the thin superficial alteration layers that are present, high lateral resolution spectroscopic methods that make use of synchrotron radiation (SR), such as microscopic X-ray absorption near edge (μ-XANES) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (μ-XRF) were employed. Additionally, μ-Raman and mid-FTIR analyses were carried out to completely characterize the samples. On both paint microsamples, the local presence of reduced Cr was demonstrated by means of μ-XANES point measurements. The presence of Cr(III) was revealed in specific areas, in some cases correlated to the presence of Ba(sulfate) and/or to that of aluminum silicate compounds. |
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000287176900012 |
Publication Date |
2011-02-14 |
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ISSN |
0003-2700; 5206-882x |
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Additional Links  |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
6.32 |
Times cited |
84 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This research was funded by grants from ESRF (experiment EC-504) and by HASYLAB (experiments 11-20080130 EC and 11-20070157 EC) and was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) project nos. G.0103.04, G.0689.06, and G.0704.08. The staff of the Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam, is acknowledged for their agreeable cooperation and for the authorization to publish the images of the paintings in this article. L.M. was financially supported by the Erasmus Placement in the framework of Lifelong Learning Programme (A.Y. 2009-2010). The EU Community's FP7 Research Infrastructures program under the CHARISMA Project (Grant Agreement 228330) is also acknowledged. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 6.32; 2011 IF: 5.856 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:88795 |
Serial |
5571 |
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Author |
Alfeld, M.; Janssens, K.; Dik, J.; de Nolf, W.; van der Snickt, G. |
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Title |
Optimization of mobile scanning macro-XRF systems for the in situ investigation of historical paintings |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Anal Atom Spectrom |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
899-909 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Elemental distribution maps are of great interest in the study of historical paintings, as they allow to investigate the pigment use of the artist, to image changes made in the painting during or after its creation and in some cases to reveal discarded paintings that were later over painted. Yet a method that allows to record such maps of a broad range of elements in a fast, non-destructive and in situ manner is not yet commonly available; a dedicated mobile scanning XRF instrument might fill this gap. In this paper we present three self-built scanning macro-XRF instruments, each based on the experience gained with its precursor. These instruments are compared in terms of sensitivity and limits of detection, which includes a discussion of the use of polycapillary optics and pinhole collimators as beam defining devices. Furthermore, the imaging capabilities of the instruments are demonstrated in three exemplary cases: (parts of) historical paintings from the 15th to the 19th century are examined. These cases illustrate the value of element specific distribution maps in the study of historical paintings and allow in the case of Vincent van Gogh's Patch of Grass a direct comparison between in situ and synchrotron based scanning macro-XRF. |
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000289731900004 |
Publication Date |
2011-03-21 |
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ISSN |
0267-9477 |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.379 |
Times cited |
107 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; The investigation of the “Triptych of the Seven Sacraments'' was done in collaboration with Griet Steyaert, independent restorer, and Lizet Klaassen, Royal Museum of Fine Arts (Antwerp, Belgium). The investigation of ”Patch of Grass'' was realized in collaboration with Luuk van der Loeff, Kroller-Muller-Museum (Otterlo, The Netherlands). M. Alfeld is a PhD fellowship of the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO). This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16) NACHO. The text also presents results of GOA "XANES meets ELNES'' (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0103.04, G.0689.06 and G.0704.08. Further, the work presented was sponsored by the Innovational Research Incentives Scheme of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, NWO (proj. no. 016.118.303). ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:89919 |
Serial |
5758 |
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Author |
de Nolf, W.; Dik, J.; van der Snickt, G.; Wallert, A.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
High energy X-ray powder diffraction for the imaging of (hidden) paintings |
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A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Anal Atom Spectrom |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
910-916 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Over the past few years a number of innovative imaging techniques have been introduced for the visualization of hidden paint layers in Old Master Paintings. These include X-ray fluorescence scanning, TeraHertz imaging, optical coherence tomography and other acoustics-based forms of visualization. All of these techniques are usually a trade-off between their penetrative capability on the one side and their analytical precision in terms of spatial resolution and material identification on the other. Here, we present the first-time use of High-Energy X-ray Powder Diffraction imaging (HE-XRPD) in the study of hidden layers in paintings. As an imaging tool, it combines high-depth sensitivity with fingerprint identification of most inorganic painting materials. The potential as well as some limitations of this technique are demonstrated using model paintings as well as an authentic 16th century painting. |
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000289731900005 |
Publication Date |
2011-03-17 |
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ISSN |
0267-9477 |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.379 |
Times cited |
34 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:89922 |
Serial |
5640 |
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Author |
Bull, D.; Krekeler, A.; Alfeld, M.; Dik, J.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
An intrusive portrait by Goya |
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A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
The Burlington magazine |
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Volume |
153 |
Issue |
1303 |
Pages |
668-673 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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ISSN |
0007-6287; 2044-9925 |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Notes |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:93602 |
Serial |
5672 |
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