“Unscrambling Mixed Elements using High Angle Annular Dark Field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy”. van den Bos KH W, De Backer A, Martinez GT, Winckelmans N, Bals S, Nellist PD, Van Aert S, Physical review letters 116, 246101 (2016). http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.246101
Abstract: The development of new nanocrystals with outstanding physicochemical properties requires a full threedimensional (3D) characterization at the atomic scale. For homogeneous nanocrystals, counting the number of atoms in each atomic column from high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy images has been shown to be a successful technique to get access to this 3D information. However, technologically important nanostructures often consist of more than one chemical element. In order to extend atom counting to heterogeneous materials, a new atomic lensing model is presented. This model takes dynamical electron diffraction into account and opens up new possibilities for unraveling the 3D composition at the atomic scale. Here, the method is applied to determine the 3D structure of Au@Ag core-shell nanorods, but it is applicable to a wide range of heterogeneous complex nanostructures.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 8.462
Times cited: 46
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.246101
|
“Holstein polarons near surfaces”. Goodvin GL, Covaci L, Berciu M, Physical Review Letters 103, 176402 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.176402
Abstract: We study the effects of a nearby surface on the spectral weight of a Holstein polaron, using the inhomogeneous momentum average approximation which is accurate over the entire range of electron-phonon (e-ph) coupling strengths. The broken translational symmetry is taken into account exactly. We find that the e-ph coupling gives rise to a large additional surface potential, with strong retardation effects, which may bind surface states even when they are not normally expected. The surface, therefore, has a significant effect and bulk properties are recovered only very far away from it. These results demonstrate that interpretation in terms of bulk quantities of spectroscopic data sensitive only to a few surface layers is not always appropriate.
Keywords: A1 Journal article
Impact Factor: 8.462
Times cited: 8
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.176402
|
“Giant proximity effect in a phase-fluctuating superconductor”. Marchand D, Covaci L, Berciu M, Franz M, Physical Review Letters 101, 097004 (2008). http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.097004
Abstract: When a tunneling barrier between two superconductors is formed by a normal material that would be a superconductor in the absence of phase fluctuations, the resulting Josephson effect can undergo an enormous enhancement. We establish this novel proximity effect by a general argument as well as a numerical simulation and argue that it may underlie recent experimental observations of the giant proximity effect between two cuprate superconductors separated by a barrier made of the same material rendered normal by severe underdoping.
Keywords: A1 Journal article
Impact Factor: 8.462
Times cited: 17
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.097004
|
“Polaron formation in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit coupling: implications for spintronics”. Covaci L, Berciu M, Physical Review Letters 102, 186403 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.186403
Abstract: We study the effects of the Rashba spin-orbit coupling on polaron formation, using a suitable generalization of the momentum average approximation. While previous work on a parabolic band model found that spin-orbit coupling increases the effective mass, we show that the opposite holds for a tight-binding model, unless both the spin-orbit and the electron-phonon couplings are weak. It is thus possible to lower the effective mass of the polaron by increasing the spin-orbit coupling. We also show that when the spin-orbit coupling is large as compared to the phonon energy, the polaron retains only one of the spin-polarized bands in its coherent spectrum. This has major implications for the propagation of spin-polarized currents in such materials, and thus for spintronic applications.
Keywords: A1 Journal article
Impact Factor: 8.462
Times cited: 25
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.186403
|
“Single Atom Detection from Low Contrast-to-Noise Ratio Electron Microscopy Images”. Fatermans J, den Dekker A J, Müller-Caspary K, Lobato I, O’Leary C M, Nellist P D, Van Aert S, Physical review letters 121, 056101 (2018). http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.056101
Abstract: Single atom detection is of key importance to solving a wide range of scientific and technological problems. The strong interaction of electrons with matter makes transmission electron microscopy one of the most promising techniques. In particular, aberration correction using scanning transmission electron microscopy has made a significant step forward toward detecting single atoms. However, to overcome radiation damage, related to the use of high-energy electrons, the incoming electron dose should be kept low enough. This results in images exhibiting a low signal-to-noise ratio and extremely weak contrast, especially for light-element nanomaterials. To overcome this problem, a combination of physics-based model fitting and the use of a model-order selection method is proposed, enabling one to detect single atoms with high reliability.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
Impact Factor: 8.462
Times cited: 6
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.056101
|
“Nature of the Positron State in CdSe Quantum Dots”. Shi W, Callewaert V, Barbiellini B, Saniz R, Butterling M, Egger W, Dickmann M, Hugenschmidt C, Shakeri B, Meulenberg R W, Brück E, Partoens B, Bansil A, Eijt SW H, Physical review letters 121, 057401 (2018). http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.057401
Abstract: Previous studies have shown that positron-annihilation spectroscopy is a highly sensitive probe of the electronic structure and surface composition of ligand-capped semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) embedded in thin films. The nature of the associated positron state, however, whether the positron is confined inside the QDs or localized at their surfaces, has so far remained unresolved. Our positron-annihilation lifetime spectroscopy studies of CdSe QDs reveal the presence of a strong lifetime component in the narrow range of 358–371 ps, indicating abundant trapping and annihilation of positrons at the surfaces of the QDs. Furthermore, our ab initio calculations of the positron wave function and lifetime employing a recent formulation of the weighted density approximation demonstrate the presence of a positron surface state and predict positron lifetimes close to experimental values. Our study thus resolves the long-standing question regarding the nature of the positron state in semiconductor QDs and opens the way to extract quantitative information on surface composition and ligand-surface interactions of colloidal semiconductor QDs through highly sensitive positron-annihilation techniques.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 8.462
Times cited: 6
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.057401
|
“Control of Knock-On Damage for 3D Atomic Scale Quantification of Nanostructures: Making Every Electron Count in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy”. Van Aert S, De Backer A, Jones L, Martinez GT, Béché, A, Nellist PD, Physical review letters 122, 066101 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.066101
Abstract: Understanding nanostructures down to the atomic level is the key to optimizing the design of advancedmaterials with revolutionary novel properties. This requires characterization methods capable of quantifying the three-dimensional (3D) atomic structure with the highest possible precision. A successful approach to reach this goal is to count the number of atoms in each atomic column from 2D annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy images. To count atoms with single atom sensitivity, a minimum electron dose has been shown to be necessary, while on the other hand beam damage, induced by the high energy electrons, puts a limit on the tolerable dose. An important challenge is therefore to develop experimental strategies to optimize the electron dose by balancing atom-counting fidelity vs the risk of knock-on damage. To achieve this goal, a statistical framework combined with physics-based modeling of the dose-dependent processes is here proposed and experimentally verified. This model enables an investigator to theoretically predict, in advance of an experimental measurement, the optimal electron dose resulting in an unambiguous quantification of nanostructures in their native state with the highest attainable precision.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 8.462
Times cited: 3
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.066101
|
“Electrical Polarization in AlN/GaN Nanodisks Measured by Momentum-Resolved 4D Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy”. Müller-Caspary K, Grieb T, Müßener J, Gauquelin N, Hille P, Schörmann J, Verbeeck J, Van Aert S, Eickhoff M, Rosenauer A, Physical review letters 122, 106102 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.106102
Abstract: We report the mapping of polarization-induced internal electric fields in AlN/GaN nanowire heterostructures at unit cell resolution as a key for the correlation of optical and structural phenomena in semiconductor optoelectronics. Momentum-resolved aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy is employed as a new imaging mode that simultaneously provides four-dimensional data in real and reciprocal space. We demonstrate how internal mesoscale and atomic electric fields can be separated in an experiment, which is verified by comprehensive dynamical simulations of multiple electron scattering. A mean difference of 5.3 +- 1.5 MV/cm is found for the polarization-induced electric fields in AlN and GaN, being in accordance with dedicated simulations and photoluminescence measurements in previous publications.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 8.462
Times cited: 26
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.106102
|
“Measuring Dynamic Structural Changes of Nanoparticles at the Atomic Scale Using Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy”. De wael A, De Backer A, Jones L, Varambhia A, Nellist PD, Van Aert S, Physical Review Letters 124, 106105 (2020). http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.106105
Abstract: We propose a new method to measure atomic scale dynamics of nanoparticles from experimental high-resolution annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy images. By using the so-called hidden Markov model, which explicitly models the possibility of structural changes, the number of atoms in each atomic column can be quantified over time. This newly proposed method outperforms the current atom-counting procedure and enables the determination of the probabilities and cross sections for surface diffusion. This method is therefore of great importance for revealing and quantifying the atomic structure when it evolves over time via adatom dynamics, surface diffusion, beam effects, or during in situ experiments.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 8.6
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.106105
|
“Secondary-Phase-Assisted Grain Boundary Migration in CuInSe2”. Li C, Sanli ES, Barragan-Yani D, Stange H, Heinemann M-D, Greiner D, Sigle W, Mainz R, Albe K, Abou-Ras D, van Aken P A, Physical Review Letters 124, 095702 (2020). http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.095702
Abstract: Significant structural evolution occurs during the deposition of CuInSe2 solar materials when the Cu content increases. We use in situ heating in a scanning transmission electron microscope to directly observe how grain boundaries migrate during heating, causing nondefected grains to consume highly defected grains. Cu substitutes for In in the near grain boundary regions, turning them into a Cu-Se phase topotactic with the CuInSe2 grain interiors. Together with density functional theory and molecular dynamics calculations, we reveal how this Cu-Se phase makes the grain boundaries highly mobile.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 8.6
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.095702
|
“Skyrmion-(Anti)Vortex Coupling in a Chiral Magnet-Superconductor Heterostructure”. Petrović, A p, Raju M, Tee X y, Louat A, Maggio-Aprile I, Menezes R m, Wyszyński M j, Duong N k, Reznikov M, Renner C, Milošević, MV, Panagopoulos C, Physical Review Letters 126, 117205 (2021). http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.117205
Abstract: We report experimental coupling of chiral magnetism and superconductivity in [IrFeCoPt]/Nb heterostructures. The stray field of skyrmions with radius ~50nm is sufficient to nucleate antivortices in a 25nm Nb film, with unique signatures in the magnetization, critical current and flux dynamics, corroborated via simulations. We also detect a thermally-tunable Rashba-Edelstein exchange coupling in the isolated skyrmion phase. This realization of a strongly interacting skyrmion-(anti)vortex system opens a path towards controllable topological hybrid materials, unattainable to date.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 8.462
Times cited: 20
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.117205
|
“Coupling Charge and Topological Reconstructions at Polar Oxide Interfaces”. van Thiel T c, Brzezicki W, Autieri C, Hortensius J r, Afanasiev D, Gauquelin N, Jannis D, Janssen N, Groenendijk D j, Fatermans J, Van Aert S, Verbeeck J, Cuoco M, Caviglia A d, Physical Review Letters 127, 127202 (2021). http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.127202
Abstract: In oxide heterostructures, different materials are integrated into a single artificial crystal, resulting in a breaking of inversion symmetry across the heterointerfaces. A notable example is the interface between polar and nonpolar materials, where valence discontinuities lead to otherwise inaccessible charge and spin states. This approach paved the way for the discovery of numerous unconventional properties absent in the bulk constituents. However, control of the geometric structure of the electronic wave functions in correlated oxides remains an open challenge. Here, we create heterostructures consisting of ultrathin SrRuO3, an itinerant ferromagnet hosting momentum-space sources of Berry curvature, and
LaAlO3, a polar wide-band-gap insulator. Transmission electron microscopy reveals an atomically sharp LaO/RuO2/SrO interface configuration, leading to excess charge being pinned near the LaAlO3/SrRuO3 interface. We demonstrate through magneto-optical characterization, theoretical calculations and transport measurements that the real-space charge reconstruction drives a reorganization of the topological charges in the band structure, thereby modifying the momentum-space Berry curvature in SrRuO3. Our results illustrate how the topological and magnetic features of oxides can be manipulated by engineering charge discontinuities at oxide interfaces.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 8.462
Times cited: 17
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.127202
|
“Interlink between Abnormal Water Imbibition in Hydrophilic and Rapid Flow in Hydrophobic Nanochannels”. Zhou R, Neek-Amal M, Peeters FM, Bai B, Sun C, Physical Review Letters 132, 184001 (2024). http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.184001
Abstract: Nanoscale extension and refinement of the Lucas-Washburn model is presented with a detailed analysis of recent experimental data and extensive molecular dynamics simulations to investigate rapid water flow and water imbibition within nanocapillaries. Through a comparative analysis of capillary rise in hydrophilic nanochannels, an unexpected reversal of the anticipated trend, with an abnormal peak, of imbibition length below the size of 3 nm was discovered in hydrophilic nanochannels, surprisingly sharing the same physical origin as the well-known peak observed in flow rate within hydrophobic nanochannels. The extended imbibition model is applicable across diverse spatiotemporal scales and validated against simulation results and existing experimental data for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic
Keywords: A1 Journal Article; CMT
Impact Factor: 8.6
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.184001
|