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“Composition of pigments on human bones found in excavations in Argentina studied with micro-Raman spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy”. Darchuk L, Stefaniak EA, Vázquez C, Palacios OM, Worobiec A, Van Grieken R, e-Preservation Science 6, 112 (2009)
Abstract: Results on analysis of prehistoric pigments from excavations and pigments on coloured child bones from North Patagonia, Argentina, are reported. To analyze their composition we used two micro-analytical techniques: micro- Raman spectrometry (MRS) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray micro-analysis (SEM/EDX). Most investigated excavated pigments show red or yellow ochres consistent with reddish or yellow minerals, such as á- and ã-goethite, haematite, erdite, haapalaite and jarosite. Raman spectra show also evidence of calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcite indicating lichen activity. Pigments covering human bones were identified as hematite and magnetite. This study allows us to infer that pigments found in excavation were employed for burial ceremonies, even though distances between excavated pigment archaeological site and buried remains are quite far, more than 50 km in a straight line.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
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“Determination of chemical composition of individual airborne particles by SEM/EDX and micro-Raman spectrometry : a review”. Stefaniak EA, Buczyńska A, Novakovic V, Kuduk R, Van Grieken R, Journal of physics : conference series 162, 012019 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/162/1/012019
Abstract: The strategies for sampling and analysis by SEM/EDX and micro-Raman spectrometry for individual airborne particles analysis as applied at the University of Antwerp (Belgium) by the MITAC group have been reviewed. Microbeam techniques provide detailed information concerning the origin, formation, transport, reactivity, transformation reactions and environmental impact of particulate matter. Moreover, some particles of certain chemical properties have been recognized as a threat for human health and cultural heritage objects. However, the small sizes of particles result in specific problems with respect to single particle analysis. Development of equipment and software for improvement of analysis and quantification are reported.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/162/1/012019
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“In situ study of ballast tank corrosion on ships: part 1”. Verstraelen H, de Baere K, Schillemans W, Lemmens L, Dewil R, Lenaerts S, Potters G, Materials performance 48, 48 (2009)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Theory of quantum systems and complex systems; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Impact Factor: 0.149
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“Combining HPLC-GCXGC, GCXGC/ToF-MS, and selected ecotoxicity assays for detailed monitoring of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation in soil and leaching water”. Mao D, Lookman R, van de Weghe H, Weltens R, Vanermen G, de Brucker N, Diels L, Environmental science and technology 43, 7651 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1021/ES9015603
Abstract: HPLC-GCXGC/FID (high-performance liquid chromatography followed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection) and GCXGC/ToF-MS (comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry) were used to study the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil microcosms during 20 weeks. Two soils were studied: one spiked with fresh diesel and one field sample containing weathered diesel-like oil. Nutrient amended and unamended samples were included. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) levels in spiked soil decreased from 15000 to 7500 mg/kg d.m. and from 12000 to 4000 mg/kg d.m. in the field soil. Linear alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons were better biodegradable (>60% degraded) than iso-alkanes; cycloalkanes were least degradable (<40%). Aromatic hydrocarbons up to three rings showed better degradability than n-alkanes. GCXGC/ToF-MS analysis of leaching water showed that initially various oxygenated hydrocarbons were produced. Compound peaks seemed to move up and rightward in the GCXGC chromatograms, indicating that more polar and heavier compounds were formed as biodegradation proceeded. Nutrient amendment can increase TPH removal rates, but had adverse effects on ecotoxicity and leaching potential in our experiment. This was explained by observed shifts in the soil microbial community. Ecotoxicity assays showed that residual TPH still inhibited cress (Lepidium sativum) seed germination, but the leaching water was no longer toxic toward luminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri).
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1021/ES9015603
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“Possibilities and limitations of synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction with double crystal and double multilayer monochromators for microscopic speciation studies”. de Nolf W, Jaroszewicz J, Terzano R, Lind OC, Salbu B, Vekemans B, Janssens K, Falkenberg G, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 64, 775 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAB.2009.06.003
Abstract: The performance of a combined microbeam X-ray fluorescence/X-ray powder diffraction (XRF/XRPD) measurement station at Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor (HASYLAB) Beamline L is discussed in comparison to that at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) ID18F/ID22. The angular resolution in the X-ray diffractograms is documented when different combinations of X-ray source, optics and X-ray diffraction detectors are employed. Typical angular resolution values in the range 0.30.5° are obtained at the bending magnet source when a pink beam form of excitation is employed. A similar setup at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility beamlines ID18F and ID22 allows to reach angular resolution values of 0.10.15°. In order to document the possibilities and limitations for speciation of metals in environmental materials by means of Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor Beamline L X-ray fluorescence/X-ray powder diffraction setup, two case studies are discussed, one involved in the identification of the crystal phases in which heavy metals such as chromium, iron, barium and lead are present in polluted soils of an industrial site (Val Basento, Italy) and another involved in the speciation of uranium in depleted uranium particles (Ceja Mountains, Kosovo). In the former case, the angular resolution is sufficient to allow identification of most crystalline phases present while in the latter case, it is necessary to dispose of an angular resolution of ca. 0.2° to distinguish between different forms of oxidized uranium.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.241
Times cited: 7
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAB.2009.06.003
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“Spatially resolved micro-X-ray fluorescence and micro-X-ray absorption fine structure study of a fractured granite bore core following a radiotracer experiment”. Denecke MA, Brendebach B, de Nolf W, Falkenberg G, Janssens K, Simon R, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 64, 791 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAB.2009.05.025
Abstract: Spatially resolved X-ray absorption and fluorescence investigation with a micrometer-scale resolution on actinide-containing samples provide information necessary for safety assessment of nuclear waste disposal. In this paper one example of such an experiment is presented. This example entails neptunium speciation in a fractured granite bore core from the Swedish Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory following a radiotracer experiment using µ-XAFS and µ-XRF. In order to probe micro-volumes below the surface in the granite samples and thereby avoid potential changes in the Np speciation during cutting of the bore core, a confocal irradiationdetection geometry is employed. µ-XAFS results for a selected granite bore core cross section with ~ 3 nmol Np/g reveal that Np, originally introduced as Np(V) in the tracer cocktail, is present in the granite in its reduced Np(IV) form. The Np(IV) is often present as particles, tens of µm in size. Elemental distribution maps show the tracer Np to be located in fissures and permeable channels not larger than 100 µm. The Np distribution appears often correlated with Zn also present in some fissures. We observe small granite fissures containing Fe (presumably Fe(II)), where we do not detect any Np. It is feasible that inflowing Np(V) has a shorter residence time in large fractures, while in the smaller fissures migration is slower, leading to longer residence times, i.e., reaction times, where it is reduced to less soluble Np(IV) and becomes thereby immobilized.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.241
Times cited: 21
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAB.2009.05.025
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“In situ study of ballast tank corrosion on ships: part 2”. Verstraelen H, de Baere K, Schillemans W, Lemmens L, Dewil R, Lenaerts S, Potters G, Materials performance 48, 54 (2009)
Abstract: A study was undertaken to determine causes and effects of corrosion processes in ballast tanks. Part 1 of this article (October 2009 MP) described the data collection. Part 2 describes the development of a corrosion index (CI) derived from the general International Association of Classification Societies corrosion assessment methods. The CI can be used in situ to assess ballast tank corrosion. An average timeline for-corrosion of tanks is presented.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Theory of quantum systems and complex systems; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Impact Factor: 0.149
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“Interfaced SEM/EDX and micro-Raman spectrometry for characterisation of heterogeneous environmental particles: fundamental and practical challenges”. Worobiec A, Potgieter-Vermaak S, Brooker A, Darchuk L, Stefaniak E, Van Grieken R, Microchemical journal 94, 65 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.MICROC.2009.09.003
Abstract: The molecular character of atmospheric particulate matter is of prime importance when interpreting air pollution trends and its subsequent influence on environmental monitoring and preventative conservation. The known methods of estimating the molecular composition normally involve elemental analysis of particles (both as bulk and computer controlled analyses of single particles) with subsequent multivariate analyses to clusterise the elements in groups of elements that are closely related to each other. With this approach one can at best suggest associations. Evidently the application of molecular spectroscopy in addition to elemental concentration profiles would provide intimate information regarding the nature of the particles and consequently their fate. This paper gives an overview of research performed in our laboratory and describes the optimisation of experimental parameters to use scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray detection (SEM/EDX) or electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPXMA) in parallel with micro-Raman Spectrometry (MRS) to investigate single environmental particles. The challenges associated with the two stand-alone techniques are revealed and consequently those posed with an interfaced approach are discussed. Preliminary results, of an initial investigation of the SEM/EDX interfaced with MRS to ultra-fine heterogeneous environmental particles, are given.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
DOI: 10.1016/J.MICROC.2009.09.003
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“Estimation of ecotoxicity of petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures in soil based on HPLC-GCXGC analysis”. Mao D, Lookman R, van de Weghe H, Weltens R, Vanermen G, Brucker N, Diels L, Chemosphere 77, 1508 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2009.10.004
Abstract: Detailed HPLCGCXGC/FID (high performance liquid chromatography followed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection) analysis of oil-contaminated soils was performed to interpret results of selected acute ecotoxicity assays. For the five ecotoxicity assays tested, plant seed germination and Microtox® were selected as most sensitive for evaluating ecotoxicity of the oil in the soil phase and in the leaching water, respectively. The measured toxicity for cress when testing the soil samples did not correspond to TPH concentration in the soil. A detailed chemical composition analysis of the oil contamination using HPLCGCXGC/FID allows to better predict the ecotoxicological risk and leaching potential of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil. Cress biomass production per plant was well correlated to the total aromatic hydrocarbon concentration (R2 = 0.79, n = 6), while cress seed germination was correlated (R2 = 0.82, n = 6) with total concentration of highly water-soluble aromatic hydrocarbons (HSaromatics). The observed ecotoxicity of the leaching water for Microtox-bacteria related well to calculated (based on the HPLCGCXGC/FID results) petroleum hydrocarbon equilibrium concentrations in water.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2009.10.004
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“Analysis of micro computed tomography images, a look inside historic enamelled metal objects”. van der Linden V, Van de Casteele E, Thomas MS, de Vos A, Janssen E, Janssens K, Applied physics A : materials science &, processing 98, 385 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1007/S00339-009-5394-9
Abstract: In this study the usefulness of micro-Computed Tomography (µ-CT) for the in-depth analysis of enamelled metal objects was tested. Usually investigations of enamelled metal artefacts are restricted to non-destructive surface analysis or analysis of cross sections after destructive sampling. Radiography, a commonly used technique in the field of cultural heritage studies, is limited to providing two-dimensional information about a three-dimensional object (Lang and Middleton, Radiography of Cultural Material, pp. 6061, Elsevier-Butterworth-Heinemann, Amsterdam-Stoneham-London, 2005). Obtaining virtual slices and information about the internal structure of these objects was made possible by CT analysis. With this technique the underlying metal work was studied without removing the decorative enamel layer. Moreover visible defects such as cracks were measured in both width and depth and as of yet invisible defects and weaker areas are visualised. All these features are of great interest to restorers and conservators as they allow a view inside these objects without so much as touching them.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Vision lab; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 1.455
Times cited: 3
DOI: 10.1007/S00339-009-5394-9
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“Determination of BTEX by GCMS in air of offset printing plants: comparison between conventional and ecological inks”. Godoi AFL, Sawada EY, de Marchi MRR, Van Grieken R, Godoi RHM, Water, air, and soil pollution : focus 9, 163 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1007/S11267-009-9219-9
Abstract: The use of inks containing organic solvents by the offset printing process implies in the release of volatile organic compounds to the work environment. Many of these compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and the xylene isomers (well known by the acronym BTEX) are extremely toxic. In this study, the BTEX concentrations were determined in two different printing plants that use distinct types of inks: the conventional and the so-called ecological, which is manufactured based on vegetal oil. Concentration ranges were 4384, 153,480, 2133, 5459, and 2236 μg m−3 for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m + p-xylene, and o-xylene, respectively, for the conventional printing plant. At the ecological printing plant, concentration ranges were below limit of detection (<LD)-31, <LD-618, <LD-1,690, <LD-10,500, <LD-3,360 μg m−3 for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m + p-xylene, and o-xylene, respectively. BTEX concentrations are lower at the ecological printing environment than in the conventional, where mineral oil-based inks are used. However, the worker who cleans the printing matrices is exposed to high concentrations of ethylbenzene and xylenes, due probably to the cleaning products composition (containing high amounts of BTEX). Although the BTEX concentrations found in both printing work environments were below the limits considered by the Brazilian Law for Activities and Unhealthy Operations (NR-15), the exposure to such vapors characterizes risk to the workers health for some of the evaluated samples, mainly the personal ones.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/S11267-009-9219-9
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“Indoor air quality assessment of elementary schools in Curitiba, Brazil”. Godoi RHM, Avigo D, Campos VD, Tavares TM, de Marchi MRR, Van Grieken R, Godoi AFL, Water, air, and soil pollution : focus 9, 171 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1007/S11267-009-9220-3
Abstract: The promotion of good indoor air quality in schools is of particular public concern for two main reasons: (1) school-age children spend at least 30% of their time inside classrooms and (2) indoor air quality in urban areas is substantially influenced by the outdoor pollutants, exposing tenants to potentially toxic substances. Two schools in Curitiba, Brazil, were selected to characterize the gaseous compounds indoor and outdoor of the classrooms. The concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and the isomers xylenes (BTEX); NO2; SO2; O3; acetic acid (HAc); and formic acid (HFor) were assessed using passive diffusion tubes. BTEX were analyzed by gas chromatographyion trap mass spectrometry and other collected gasses by ion chromatography. The concentration of NO2 varied between 9.5 and 23 µg m−3, whereas SO2 showed an interval from 0.1 to 4.8 µg m−3. Within the schools, BTEX concentrations were predominant. Formic and acetic acids inside the classrooms revealed intermediate concentrations of 1.5 µg m−3 and 1.2 µg m−3, respectively.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/S11267-009-9220-3
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“Radiation dose estimation and mass attenuation coefficients of cement samples used in Turkey”. Damla N, Čevik U, Kobya AI, Celik A, Celik N, Van Grieken R, Journal of hazardous materials 176, 644 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2009.11.080
Abstract: Different cement samples commonly used in building construction in Turkey have been analyzed for natural radioactivity using gamma-ray spectrometry. The mean activity concentrations observed in the cement samples were 52, 40 and 324 Bq kg−1 for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with the reported data of other countries and world average limits. The radiological hazard parameters such as radium equivalent activities (Raeq), gamma index (Iγ) and alpha index (Iα) indices as well as terrestrial absorbed dose and annual effective dose rate were calculated and compared with the international data. The Raeq values of cement are lower than the limit of 370 Bq kg−1, equivalent to a gamma dose of 1.5 mSv y−1. Moreover, the mass attenuation coefficients were determined experimentally and calculated theoretically using XCOM in some cement samples. Also, chemical compositions analyses of the cement samples were investigated.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2009.11.080
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“Inferring episodic atmospheric iron fluxes in the Western South Atlantic”. Evangelista H, Maldonado J, dos Santos EA, Godoi RHM, Garcia CAE, Garcia VMT, Johnson E, da Cunha KD, Leite CB, Van Grieken R, van Meel K, Makarovska Y, Gaiero DM, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 44, 703 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2009.11.018
Abstract: Iron (Fe) and other trace elements such as Zn, Mn, Ni and Cu are known as key-factors in marine biogeochemical cycles. It is believed that ocean primary productivity blooms in iron deficient regions can be triggered by iron in aeolian dust. Up to now, scarce aerosol elemental composition, based on measurements over sea at the Western South Atlantic (WSA), exist. An association between the Patagonian semi-desert dust/Fe and chlorophyll-a variability at the Argentinean continental shelf is essentially inferred from models. We present here experimental data of Fe enriched aerosols over the WSA between latitudes 22°S62°S, during 4 oceanographic campaigns between 2002 and 2005. These data allowed inferring the atmospheric Fe flux onto different latitudinal bands which varied from 30.4 to 1688 nmolFe m−2 day−1 (October 29thNovember 15th, 2003); 5.831586 nmolFe m−2 day−1 (February 15thMarch 6th, 2004) and 4.73586 nmolFe m−2 day−1(October 21stNovember 5th, 2005).
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2009.11.018
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Chou L, Harlay J, Roevros N, Lannuzel D, Rebreanu L, van der Zee C, Lapernat P-E, Daro M-H, Aerts K, Godoi R, Van Grieken R (2009) Role of oceanic production and dissolution of calcium carbonate in climate change (CCCC): final report
Keywords: Minutes and reports; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Speciation and diurnal variation of thoracic, fine thoracic and sub-micrometer airborne particulate matter at naturally ventilated office environments”. Horemans B, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 44, 1497 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2010.01.010
Abstract: Thoracic (PM10), fine thoracic (PM2.5) and sub-micrometer (PM1) airborne particulate matter was sampled during day and night. In total, about 100 indoor and outdoor samples were collected for each fraction at ten different office environments. Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and ion chromatography were applied for the quantification of some major and minor elements and ions in the collected aerosols. During daytime, mass concentrations were in the ranges: 1129, 8.124, and 6.618 μg m−3, with averages of 20 ± 1, 15.0 ± 0.9, and 11.0 ± 0.8 μg m−3, respectively. At night, mass concentrations were found to be significantly lower for all fractions. Indoor PM1 concentrations exceeded the corresponding outdoor levels during office hours and were thought to be elevated by office printers. Particles with diameters between 1 and 2.5 μm and 2.5 and 10 μm were mainly associated with soil dust elements and were clearly subjected to distinct periods of settling/resuspension. Indoor NO3 − levels were found to follow specific microclimatic conditions at the office environments, while daytime levels of sub-micrometer Cl− were possibly elevated by the use of Cl-containing cleaning products. Indoor carbon black concentrations were sometimes as high as 22 μg m−3 and were strongly correlated with outdoor traffic conditions.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2010.01.010
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“X-ray fluorescence analysis, sample preparation for”. Margu'i' E, Queralt I, Van Grieken R page 1 (2009).
Keywords: H1 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“X ray fluorescence in member states: Belgium: integration of analysis techniques of different scales using X ray induced and electron induced X ray spectrometry for applications in preventive conservation and environmental monitoring”. Van Grieken R, Potgieter-Vermaak S, Darchuk L, Worobiec A, XRF newsletter , 9 (2009)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
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“Argentinean prehistoric pigments' study by combined SEM/EDX and molecular spectroscopy”. Darchuk L, Tsybrii Z, Worobiec A, Vázquez C, Palacios OM, Stefaniak EA, Gatto Rotondo G, Sizov F, Van Grieken R, Spectrochimica acta: part A: molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy 75, 1398 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAA.2010.01.006
Abstract: Composition of the prehistoric pigments (from Carriqueo rock shelter, Rio Negro province, Argentina) has been analysed by means of molecular spectroscopy (Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and micro-Raman) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). Red and yellow pigments were recognized as red and yellow ochre. The matrix of the pigments is composed of one or more substances. According to the matrix composition yellow and red pigments were also divided into two groupsi.e. those containing kaolinite or sulphates. Green pigment was detected as green earth, made up of celadonite as a chromophore.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAA.2010.01.006
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“Fabrication and oxygen permeability of gastight, macrovoid-free Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-\delta capillaries for high temperature gas separation”. Buysse C, Kovalevsky A, Snijkers F, Buekenhoudt A, Mullens S, Luyten J, Kretzschmar J, Lenaerts S, Journal of membrane science 359, 86 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.MEMSCI.2009.10.030
Abstract: Oxygen-permeable perovskites with mixed ionic-electronic conducting properties can play an important role in the separation of oxygen from air which is needed in the oxy-fuel and pre-combustion technologies for the removal and capture of CO2. In this work, gastight, macrovoid-free Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ (BSCF) capillaries were successfully shaped by a phase-inversion spinning technique, followed by calcination and sintering. It was found that both the rheology of the ceramic suspension and the composition of bore liquid and coagulation bath are key factors for making macrovoid-free green capillaries. Gastight BSCF capillaries were obtained by sintering for 5 h at 1100 °C. The sintered BSCF capillaries contained a significant amount of BaSO4 due to a reaction with the polysulfone binder during calcination. The oxygen permeation flux through the BSCF capillaries was measured and compared to literature data on BSCF disk and hollow fiber membranes measured in similar conditions.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Impact Factor: 6.035
Times cited: 38
DOI: 10.1016/J.MEMSCI.2009.10.030
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“Catalytic Nox reduction with simultaneous dioxin and furan oxidation”. Goemans M, Clarysse P, Joannès J, de Clercq P, Lenaerts S, Matthys K, Boels K, Chemosphere 50, 489 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00554-4
Abstract: The engineering, construction, performance and running costs of a catalytic flue gas cleaning component in the low dust area of a municipal waste incinerator is discussed. For this purpose, the case study of a Flemish incineration plant is presented, covering the history, the design procedure of the catalyst, relevant process data and the financial aspects. A reliable PCDD/F-destruction by means of oxidation by the catalyst to typical values of 0.001 ng TEQ/N m3 has been demonstrated. At the same time, NOx- and CO-emissions are reduced by 90% and 20% to about 50 mg/N m3 and below 10 mg/N m3, respectively.
Keywords: A1 Journal article
Impact Factor: 4.208
DOI: 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00554-4
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“Catalytic Nox reduction with simultaneous dioxin and furan oxidation”. Goemans M, Clarysse P, Joannès J, de Clercq P, Lenaerts S, Matthys K, Boels K, Chemosphere 54, 1357 (2004). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00255-8
Abstract: The engineering, construction, performance and running costs of a catalytic flue gas cleaning component in the low dust area of a municipal waste incinerator is discussed. For this purpose, the case study of a Flemish incineration plant is presented, covering the history, the design procedure of the catalyst, relevant process data and the financial aspects. A reliable PCDD/F-destruction by means of oxidation by the catalyst to typical values of 0.001 ng TEQ/Nm3 has been demonstrated. At the same time, NOx− and CO-emissions are reduced by 90% and 20% to about 50 mg/Nm3 and below 10 mg/Nm3, respectively.
Keywords: A1 Journal article
Impact Factor: 4.208
DOI: 10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00255-8
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“Synthesis and characterization of tin dioxide powders for the realization of thick-film gas sensors”. Honoré, M, Lenaerts S, Desmet J, Huyberechts G, Roggen J, Sensors and actuators : B : chemical 19, 621 (1994). http://doi.org/10.1016/0925-4005(93)01224-R
Abstract: Semiconductor gas sensors produced with screen-printing techniques and based on home-made tin dioxide inks are presented. The ink consists of home-made tin dioxide powder added to a polymer solution to make it screen printable on 96% alumina substrates. The major work is performed on the preparation and the characterization of pure undoped tin dioxide powder produced by two different synthetic pathways. Inks prepared with powders from each method are consecutively handled in an identical way to obtain gas sensors. The sensor response towards different gases is measured and compared for both types of starting materials.
Keywords: A1 Journal article
DOI: 10.1016/0925-4005(93)01224-R
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“In situ infrared and electrical characterization of tin dioxide gas sensors in nitrogen/oxygen mixtures at temperatures up to 720 K”. Lenaerts S, Honoré, M, Huyberechts G, Roggen J, Maes G, Sensors and actuators : B : chemical 19, 478 (1994). http://doi.org/10.1016/0925-4005(93)01048-9
Abstract: FT-IR spectroscopy and impedance measurements of tin dioxide sensor materials at working temperatures up to 450 °C in atmospheres with varying O2/N2 ratio are used as an in situ probe to study the interactions at the surface of the semiconducting oxide. Every diminution in the oxygen content above the sample induces a broad IR absorption band (X-band) between 2300700 cm−1 with a few small peaks in the 1400850 cm−1 region of the spectrum superimposed on it. The X-band results from the enchanced electron concentration in the bulk of the tin dioxide domain. The fine structure is due to the absorption of several kinds of surface oxygen species associated vibration modes. The porous tin dioxide consists of domains were the outward shell is depleted of electrons by the formation of adsorbed O− species on oxygen surface sites, SO(O− species. In our proposed model for the impedance data this gives rise to a parallel RpCp circuit for the domain boundary characteristics and to an Rs parameter for the intradomain resistance. The evolution of these IR and impedance spectroscopic effects with temperature and oxygen content is used to set up, to confirm and refine a physicochemical operation model of tin dioxide gas sensor. This model consists of a sensitizing reaction sequence in the presence of oxygen and a gas-detection reaction sequence when a reducing gas is present. Based on this model, the principal disadvantages of this type of gas sensor become clear. Every factor that influences the concentration of SO(O−) species, causes a conductance modification. If we can control and direct the nature, the number and the arrangement of the tin dioxide domains, a directed development and improvement of the sensor characteristics is possible.
Keywords: A1 Journal article
DOI: 10.1016/0925-4005(93)01048-9
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“FT-IR characterization of tin dioxide gas sensor materials under working conditions”. Lenaerts S, Roggen J, Maes G, Spectrochimica acta: part A: molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy 51, 883 (1995). http://doi.org/10.1016/0584-8539(94)01216-4
Abstract: In this work self-supporting tin dioxide disks are characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy in the presence of a reducing gas in air, and in different O2/N2 mixtures at temperatures varying from room temperature up to 450°C. Every factor inducing a change in the oxygen content of the gas atmosphere above the tin dioxide, as for instance a temperature change, a surface reaction or adsorption of another species, induces a broad, intense IR absorption band with discrete weak bands superimposed on it. This broad absorption is assigned to the electronic transition from a native donor level, the oxygen vacancy in the bulk of the domain, to the conduction band of the tin dioxide material. For the interpretation of the narrow, superimposed absorptions, two hypotheses remain. The results demonstrate that FT-IR spectroscopy is an extremely suitable technique for the characterization of semiconducting metal oxide sensors, since it allows to follow in situ the processes in the bulk, at the surface and in the surrounding gas atmosphere of the sensor material at working temperature as well as in the presence of reducing gases in air.
Keywords: A1 Journal article
DOI: 10.1016/0584-8539(94)01216-4
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“The effect of sintering and Pd-doping on the conversion of CO to CO2 on SnO2 gas sensor materials”. Delabie L, Honoré, M, Lenaerts S, Huyberechts G, Roggen J, Maes G, Sensors And Actuators B-Chemical 44, 446 (1997). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-4005(97)00170-6
Abstract: The principal aim of this work is to study the effect of the processes of sintering and Pd doping of SnO2 gas sensor materials on the conversion of CO to CO2. For this purpose, the gas phase above screen printed sensor material is investigated using FTIR spectroscopy, while surface area, porosity and particle size measurements are performed on the SnO2 powders. During sintering, larger agglomerates of primary particles are formed, which results in a larger conversion degree of CO. The effect of Pd doping of the tin dioxide film on the CO conversion is more pronounced. The transformation of CO starts at a lower temperature and the conversion degree increases remarkably.
Keywords: A1 Journal article
Impact Factor: 5.401
DOI: 10.1016/S0925-4005(97)00170-6
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“The use of full-field XRF for simultaneous elemental mapping”. Alfeld M, Janssens K, Sasov A, Liu X, Kostenko A, Rickers-Appel K, Falkenberg G, , 111 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1063/1.3399236
Abstract: The characteristics of a Full-Field X-ray Fluorescence (FF-XRF) set-up for element-specific imaging, installed at the HASYLAB synchrotron radiation source, were determined. A lateral resolution of 10 μm and limits of detection in the percentage range were found. Further potential developments in CCDs available for FF-XRF are discussed and the use of polycapillary lenses as image transfer optics is illustrated in some explorative experiments.
Keywords: P1 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Times cited: 8
DOI: 10.1063/1.3399236
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“James Ensor's pigment use: artistic and material evolution studied by means of portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry”. van der Snickt G, Janssens K, Schalm O, Aibéo C, Kloust H, Alfeld M, X-ray spectrometry 39, 103 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1002/XRS.1235
Abstract: In this paper, portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (PXRF) was employed as a screening tool for determining and comparing the pigment use in a large series of paintings by the Belgian artist James Ensor (1860-1949). Benefits and drawbacks of PXRF as a method, and the instrument employed, are discussed from a practical, conservation and instrumental perspective. Regardless of several restrictions due to the set-up and/or the analytical method, it appeared feasible to document the evolution with time in Ensor's use of inorganic pigments and to correlate this technical evolution with stylistic developments, Nevertheless, it became clear that a full identification of all materials present can only be done by means of the analysis of (cross-sectioned) samples.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 1.298
Times cited: 25
DOI: 10.1002/XRS.1235
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“Chemical analysis of 16th to 19th century Limoges School painted enamel objects in three museums of the Low Countries”. van der Linden V, Schalm O, Houbraken J, Thomas M, Meesdom E, Devos A, van Dooren R, Nieuwdorp H, Janssen E, Janssens K, X-ray spectrometry 39, 112 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1002/XRS.1207
Abstract: In this study, the results of analysing of a series of 16th-19th century painted enamel objects of the Limoges School currently in collections in three Dutch and Flemish museums by means of portable and micro x-ray fluorescence analysis (PXRF and µ-XRF) and electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) are presented. The aim of the investigation was the authentication of specific pieces. Therefore, the glass compositions as well as the (glass) colouring agents used by the Limoges' artists were studied as a function of the age of the objects. Due to the evolution of these properties, it is possible to approximately date these objects based on their chemical composition. The complete émail peint collection of the Museum Boijmans-Van Beuningen (Rotterdam, The Netherlands), consisting of 20 émail peint plaques, was analysed with µ-XRF. Quantitative information was obtained by EPMA analysis of 15 enamel fragments of objects from museum and private collections in the Low Countries. PXRF analyses were performed on the painted enamel collection of the Antwerp Vleeshuis Museum (13 objects) and the Mayer van den Bergh Museum (4 objects) and on a set of 18 plaques that were donated to the Boijmans-Van Beuningen Museum by a private collector. The results obtained by means of EPMA, µ-XRF and PXRF proved to be useful in the discrimination of 16th century painted enamel objects from those of the19th century. From a total of 70 objects examined, 2 objects (OM964A and OM993) featured a chemical signature that deviated from the published literature composition and pigment use consistent with its presumed period of manufacture.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 1.298
Times cited: 8
DOI: 10.1002/XRS.1207
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“Impact of tank construction on corrosion of ship ballast tanks”. de Baere K, Verstraelen H, Dewil R, Lemmens L, Lenaerts S, Nkunzimana T, Potters G, Materials performance 49, 48 (2010)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Theory of quantum systems and complex systems; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Impact Factor: 0.149
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