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Author Storms, H.M.; Janssens, K.H.; Török, S.B.; Van Grieken, R.E. doi  openurl
  Title Evaluation of the ArmstrongBuseck correction for automated electron probe X-ray microanalysis of particles Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1989 Publication X-ray spectrometry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 45-52  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract The ArmstrongBuseck correction for absorption effects in electron probe x-ray microanalysis of particles considers seven specific particle shapes, and for these geometries exact correction equations are used. This procedure implies that the analyst has to associate the particle to be analysed with a certain particle type; an arbitrary relative thickness is sometimes assumed. A theoretical study was made of this absorption correction as a function of the particle composition, type and thickness for micrometre-sized particles. It appears that a correct choice of the particle type is critical. However, when the analytical results are normalized to 100%, the differences between the models are much less pronounced, and it is justified to assume a spherical model in all cases.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1989U261400001 Publication Date 2005-05-28  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0049-8246 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:116489 Serial 5616  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Cagno, S.; Cosyns, P.; Izmer, A.; Vanhaecke, F.; Nys, K.; Janssens, K. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Deeply colored and black-appearing Roman glass : a continued research Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2014 Publication Journal of archaeological science Abbreviated Journal J Archaeol Sci  
  Volume 42 Issue Pages 128-139  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Philosophy; History; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract In the context of archaeological and historical assessment of Roman black-appearing glass, the chemical and physical characterization of a large collection of samples originating from various areas of the Roman Empire has been gathered over the past years to (i) verify whether a minor segment of the overall Roman glass production can help in determining possible diachronic changes in Roman imperial glass production (1st century AD – 5th century AD) and (ii) reveal regional compositional differences. In this paper, the latest results on the chemical composition of an additional 44 black-appearing Roman glass samples are presented, together with general conclusions based upon the entire compositional dataset of over 400 analyzed black glass samples. The results show that the Roman black glass is obtained through several glass compositions with a specific chronological, geographical and typological distribution. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000332133100011 Publication Date 2013-11-13  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0305-4403 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.602 Times cited 18 Open Access  
  Notes ; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme – Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16) and the Hercules fund, Brussels (grant A11/ 0387). The text also presents results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium), FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09, and VUB project OZR-BOF 1247. This work was partly supported by the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence funding scheme, project number 223268/F50. ; Approved Most recent IF: 2.602; 2014 IF: 2.196  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:115865 Serial 5567  
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Author Cagno, S.; Hellemans, K.; Lind, O.C.; Skipperud, L.; Janssens, K.; Salbu, B. doi  openurl
  Title LA-ICP-MS for Pu source identification at Mayak PA, the Urals, Russia Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2014 Publication Environmental science : processes & impacts Abbreviated Journal Environ Sci-Proc Imp  
  Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 306-312  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Information on Pu in environmental samples is traditionally based on the determination of the 240+239PU activity via Alpha Spectrometry (AS). A large number of alpha spectrometry sources (planchettes) containing radiochemically separated Pu are therefore stored worldwide and are available for further analyses. These archive samples represent a resource from which valuable information on isotopic composition of alpha emitters including Pu can be obtained. The relative abundances of Pu isotopes can be used to trace specific Pu sources and characterize the relative contributions of different Pu sources in a sample. Thus, in addition to the total 239+240PU activity, determination of the Pu-240/Pu-239 ratio can provide valuable information on the nature of the Pu emitting sources. The Pu isotopic ratios can be determined by mass spectrometry techniques such as Sector Field Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (SF-ICPMS) or Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) that require dissolution and complete destruction of the material deposited on the planchettes. In this study Laser Ablation (LA)-quadrupole-ICP-MS has been employed for the analysis of Pu-239/Pu-240 ratios from alpha-planchettes prepared from samples originating from the Mayak PA nuclear facility, Russia. The results are compared with data from AMS and show that the Pu-240/Pu-239 ratios obtained by LA-ICP-MS can be utilized to distinguish weapons-grade Pu from civil reprocessing sources. Moreover, isotope ratio mapping can also be performed across the planchettes, allowing e.g. the visualization of possible inhomogeneities in the Pu-isotope distribution on their surface. Thus, this solid sample technique can be applied to extract additional information from existing archives of samples.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000331504100015 Publication Date 2013-12-09  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2050-7887; 2050-7895 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.592 Times cited 10 Open Access  
  Notes ; This work was supported by the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence funding scheme, project number 223268/F50, and the Hercules fund, Brussels (grant A11/0387). ; Approved Most recent IF: 2.592; 2014 IF: 2.171  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:115791 Serial 5684  
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Author Caen, J.; Schalm, O.; Janssens, K. openurl 
  Title 15th century stained-glass windows in the former County of Flanders : a historical and chemical study related to recent conservation campaigns Type P2 Proceeding
  Year 2009 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 459-466  
  Keywords P2 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; History; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-90-5487-618-2 ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:115477 Serial 5449  
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Author De Vis, K.; Cagno, S.; Van Mol, W.; Schalm, O.; Janssens, K.; Caen, J. pdf  openurl
  Title The decolourization of manganese-stained glass : the conversion reaction and evaluation of its effectiveness Type P2 Proceeding
  Year 2012 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 463-468  
  Keywords P2 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-90-72290-00-7 ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:115470 Serial 5566  
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Author De Vis, K.; Jacobs, P.; Janssens, K.; Caen, J. isbn  openurl
  Title The consolidation of cracks in architectural glass and dalle de verre : first assessment of possible adhesives Type P3 Proceeding
  Year 2011 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords P3 Proceeding; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 9783839602553 Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:115170 Serial 5558  
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Author Bruijnen, Y.; Caen, J.M.A.; Cagno, S.; Janssens, K.; et al. isbn  openurl
  Title Getekend Jan R. : Jan Rombouts, een renaissancemeester herontdekt Type ME2 Book as editor or co-editor
  Year 2012 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 207 p.  
  Keywords ME2 Book as editor or co-editor; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-90-6153-780-9 Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:115160 Serial 5633  
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Author Wagner, B.; Nowak, A.; Bulska, E.; Kunicki-Goldfinger, J.; Schalm, O.; Janssens, K. openurl 
  Title Analiza pierwiastkowa zabytkowych obiektów szklanych Type A3 Journal article
  Year 2008 Publication Nauka i Zabytki Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 71-82  
  Keywords A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:115027 Serial 5465  
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Author De Vis, K.; Caen, J.; Janssens, K.; Jacobs, P. isbn  openurl
  Title The consolidation of cracks and fissures in dalle de verre : assessment of selected adhesives Type H2 Book chapter
  Year 2013 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 43-52  
  Keywords H2 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)  
  Abstract Dalle de verre windows, created from 19301940 onwards, consist of glass pieces with a thickness of approximately 2 to 5 cm, set in a matrix of (reinforced) concrete. Besides the degradation of the concrete, the windows suffer mainly from a complex three-dimensional form of cracking of the glass elements. The cracks need to be consolidated in order to ensure stability and improve transparency. A selection of possible adhesives was evaluated: Araldite® 2020, Hxtal NYL-1, Fynebond, Paraloid® B-72, LV740, A18 and OR-G®. An attempt has been made to objectively compare these adhesives using a bench-marking system. None of the adhesives appears to be suitable for in situ application; sufficient penetration of the adhesives can only be realised with the help of vacuum techniques.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-90-8932-113-8 Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:114606 Serial 5557  
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Author Caen, J.; Cagno, S.; Janssens, K. isbn  openurl
  Title The stained-glass panel depicting the anointing at Bethany : art historical research, technical analysis, and treatment Type H2 Book chapter
  Year 2013 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 247-257  
  Keywords H2 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)  
  Abstract In 2008, Museum M in Louvain (Flanders, Belgium) acquired a panel depicting The Anointing at Bethany that is believed once to have adorned the citys former Charterhouse. The panel required conservation treatment, which was preceded by a thorough art-historical and technical examination. It emerged that comparable panels are kept at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Riverside Church in New York. Chemical analyses show most of the glass in the panel to have a typical 16th century high-limelow-alkali composition. The conservation treatment was based on the evaluation of these findings and focused very strongly on enhancing the aesthetic balance for an improved reading of the panel.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-90-8932-113-8 Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:114605 Serial 5847  
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Author Nuyts, G.; Cagno, S.; Jaroszewicz, J.; Wouters, H.; De Vis, K.; Caen, J.; Janssens, K. isbn  openurl
  Title High-resolution desktop microcomputed tomography for the evaluation of reducing treatments on historical glass suffering from manganese browning Type H2 Book chapter
  Year 2013 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 201-209  
  Keywords H2 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)  
  Abstract Historical glass, especially non-durable mediaeval glass, can undergo corrosion. This sometimes results in the formation of dark-coloured manganese-rich inclusions or stains that reduce the transparency of the glass. A conservation treatment with reducing or chelating agents may be considered with the aim of improving the transparency. In this paper, high-resolution desktop microcomputed tomography (µCT) is used in combination with element-specific twodimensional imaging methods for in situ monitoring of manganese removal by hydroxylamine hydrochloride from an archaeological stained-glass sample suffering from manganese browning and from artificially corroded model glass samples. µCT also proved itself useful for the study of the (re-)penetration of manganese into the gel layer during artificial corrosion of a model glass.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-90-8932-113-8 Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:114604 Serial 5641  
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Author Herremans, D.; Cagno, S.; Vincke, A.; Janssens, K.; De Clercq, W. openurl 
  Title All crystal clear : 18th-century glass à la façon de Bohème from the cistercian nunnery of Clairefontaine, Belgium Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2013 Publication Journal of glass studies Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 55 Issue Pages 137-+  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Art; History; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Excavations at the Cistercian nunnery of Clairefontaine, located near Arlon in the south of Belgium, revealed an assemblage of 18th-century colorless glass. The morphology of the vessels and the engraved decoration suggest a central European origin or, at least, stylistic inspiration. The composition of the glass points to a recipe combining silica, lime, and potash: a colorless potash glass a la facon de Boheme. This article considers the technology, morphology, and origin of the vessels. The art-historical analysis is supported by chemical research (scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy [SEM-EDX]). The finds are also discussed in light of the emerging northwestern European glass industry, changing consumer practices during the 18th century, and their meaning for the inhabitants of the abbey.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0075-4250 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:114603 Serial 5461  
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Author Caen, J.; Schalm, O.; Pires De Matos, A.; Ruivo, A.; Ferreira, M.; Janssens, K. openurl 
  Title Reproduction of 16-17th centuries enamels for stained glass after orignal compositions and recipes Type P3 Proceeding
  Year 2008 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords P3 Proceeding; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:112032 Serial 5814  
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Author Caen, J.; Schalm, O.; Janssens, K. openurl 
  Title Caractérisation historique et chimique des peintures en grisaille et du verre de vitrail dans l'oeuvre de J.-B. Capronnier (1814 – 1891) et J.-B. Bethune (1821 – 1894) Type P3 Proceeding
  Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords P3 Proceeding; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:112007 Serial 7576  
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Author Falkenberg, G.; Fleissner, G.E.; Fleissner, G.U.E.; Schuchardt, K.; Kühbacher, M.; Chalmin, E.; Janssens, K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title High resolution micro-XRF maps of iron oxides inside sensory dendrites of putative avian magnetoreceptors Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2009 Publication Journal of physics : conference series Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 186 Issue 1 Pages 012084-3  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Iron mineral containing sensory dendrites in the inner lining of the upper beak of homing pigeons [1] and various bird species [2] are the first candidate structures for an avian magnetic field receptor. A new concept of magnetoreception [3, 4] is based on detailed ultra-structural optical and electron microscopy analyses in combination with synchrotron radiation microscopic X-ray fluorescence analysis (micro-XRF) and microscopic X-ray absorption near edge structures (micro-XANES). Several behavioral experiments [5, 6] and first mathematical simulations [6] affirm our avian magnetoreceptor model. The iron minerals inside the dendrites are housed in three different subcellular compartments (bullets, platelets, vesicles), which could be clearly resolved and identified by electron microscopy on ultrathin sections [1, 3]. Micro-XRF and micro-XANES data obtained at HASYLAB beamline L added information about the elemental distribution and Fe speciation [3], but are averaged over the complete dendrite due to limited spatial resolution. Here we present recently performed micro-XRF maps with sub-micrometer resolution (ESRF ID21), which reveal for the first time subcellular structural information from almost bulk-like dendrite sample material. Due to the thickness of 30 μm the microarchitecture of the dendrites can be considered as undisturbed and artefacts introduced by sectioning might be widely reduced.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000282023900084 Publication Date 2009-09-26  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1742-6588; 1742-6596 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited 2 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:111317 Serial 5642  
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Author Meulebroeck, W.; Baert, K.; Wouters, H.; Cosyns, P.; Ceglia, A.; Cagno, S.; Janssens, K.; Nys, K.; Terryn, H.; Thienpont, H. doi  openurl
  Title The identification of chromophores in ancient glass by the use of UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2010 Publication Proceedings of the Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 7726 Issue Pages 77260d-12  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract In this publication optical spectroscopy is considered to be a supplementary technique to study ancient colored glass. It results from a systematic study of the UV-VIS-NIR transmission spectra of intentionally colored glass fragments from various archaeological and historical sites and dated from the Roman period to the 21th century AD. The main goal consists of defining optical sensing parameters for this type of material. The considered colorants are iron, cobalt, manganese, copper and chromium. It is proved that many cases exist where optical spectroscopy can be seen as a straightforward, non-destructive, low-cost and in-situ applicable technique in identifying authentic material or to obtain information about the origin of the material. Possible sensing parameters are defined as the absence/presence of absorption bands characteristic for a specific coloring metal oxide and the spectral position of these bands. These parameters could reveal information about the applied furnace conditions and/or to the composition of the glass matrix. It is shown that the cobalt absorption band situated around 535 nm for soda rich glasses (Roman and industrial times) is shifted towards 526 nm for potash rich glasses (medieval and post-medieval times).  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000285287900011 Publication Date 2010-04-29  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0277-786x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited 10 Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:111316 Serial 5650  
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Author Janssens, K.; Alfeld, M.; van der Snickt, G.; de Nolf, W.; Vanmeert, F.; Radepont, M.; Monico, L.; et al. doi  openurl
  Title The use of synchrotron radiation for the characterization of artists' pigments and paintings Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2013 Publication Annual review of analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Annu Rev Anal Chem  
  Volume 6 Issue Pages 399-425  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract We review methods and recent studies in which macroscopic to (sub)microscopic X-ray beams were used for nondestructive analysis and characterization of pigments, paint microsamples, and/or entire paintings. We discuss the use of portable laboratory- and synchrotron-based instrumentation and describe several variants of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis used for elemental analysis and imaging and combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Macroscopic and microscopic (μ-)XRF variants of this method are suitable for visualizing the elemental distribution of key elements in paint multilayers. Technical innovations such as multielement, large-area XRF detectors have enabled such developments. The use of methods limited to elemental analysis or imaging usually is not sufficient to elucidate the chemical transformations that take place during natural pigment alteration processes. However, synchrotron-based combinations of μ-XRF, μ-XAS, and μ-XRD are suitable for such studies.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000323887500019 Publication Date 2013-06-18  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1936-1327 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 7.435 Times cited 46 Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 7.435; 2013 IF: 7.814  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:111315 Serial 5902  
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Author Anaf, W.; Janssens, K.; De Wael, K. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Formation of metallic mercury during photodegradation/photodarkening of \alpha-HgS : electrochemical evidence Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2013 Publication Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English Abbreviated Journal Angew Chem Int Edit  
  Volume 52 Issue 48 Pages 12568-12571  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Das rote Pigment α-HgS neigt in Gegenwart von Licht und Chloridionen zur Schwärzung. Als Grund für die Zersetzung und Entfärbung werden die Bildung von (schwarzem) β-HgS oder Quecksilbermetall vermutet, doch diese Substanzen wurden noch nicht auf natürlich oder künstlich zersetzter HgS-Farbe nachgewiesen. Elektrochemische Experimente belegen nun die Bildung von Quecksilbermetall in Gegenwart von Licht und Chloridionen.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000327582900015 Publication Date 2013-10-04  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1433-7851; 0570-0833 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 11.994 Times cited 19 Open Access  
  Notes ; The authors acknowledge L. Klaassen for valuable discussions and providing samples. We acknowledge financial support from the SDD programme (S2-ART project) of the Belgian Federal Goverment. ; Approved Most recent IF: 11.994; 2013 IF: 11.336  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:111265 Serial 5626  
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Author Janssens, K.; Degryse, P.; Cosyns, P.; Caen, J.; Van 't dack, L. isbn  openurl
  Title Annales of the 17th Congress of the International Association for the History of Glass (Antwerp, Belgium, 2006) Type ME2 Book as editor or co-editor
  Year 2009 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 704 p.  
  Keywords ME2 Book as editor or co-editor; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-90-5487-618-2 Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:110922 Serial 5473  
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Author Herremans, D.; Cagno, S.; Vincke, A.; de Clercq, W.; Janssens, K. doi  openurl
  Title Composition and state of alteration of 18th century glass from the Cistercian nunnery of Clairefontaine (Belgium) Type P1 Proceeding
  Year 2012 Publication Proceedings of the Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers T2 – Conference on Integrated Approaches to the Study of Historical Glass, (IASHG), APR 16-17, 2012, Brussels, BELGIUM Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 842206-842211  
  Keywords P1 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract An extended set of 18th century glass vessels was analyzed by means of SEM-EDX (major and minor element composition) The fragmented archaeological objects were recovered from a latrine belonging to the early 18th century building phase of the nunnery of Clairefontaine, near Arlon (B). On the basis of typology and decoration, the major part of the vessels could be dated around the middle of the 18th century. Variety in color and weathering of the glass suggest differences in glassmaking recipes and in the composition and origin of raw materials. The results of the analysis show how two main compositional groups constitute about 90% of the analyzed glass set, and these are constituted by potash glass (transparent beakers) and high lime low alkali glass (green bottles). Next to these, a few potash-lime and soda glasses are also found. The type of alteration has also a clear relation with the original glass composition.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000311900800006 Publication Date 2012-06-06  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume 8422 Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-0-8194-9104-6; 0277-786x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:110799 Serial 5537  
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Author Monico, L.; Janssens, K.; Miliani, C.; van der Snickt, G.; Brunetti, B.G.; Guidi, M.C.; Radepont, M.; Cotte, M. doi  openurl
  Title Degradation process of lead chromate in paintings by Vincent van Gogh studied by means of spectromicroscopic methods : 4 : artificial aging of model samples of co-precipitates of lead chromate and lead sulfate Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2013 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem  
  Volume 85 Issue 2 Pages 860-867  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Previous investigations about the darkening of chrome yellow pigments revealed that this form of alteration is attributable to a reduction of the original Cr(VI) to Cr(III), and that the presence of sulfur-containing compounds, most often sulfates, plays a key role during this process. We recently demonstrated that different crystal forms of chrome yellow pigments (PbCrO4 and PbCr1xSxO4) are present in paintings by Vincent van Gogh. In the present work, we show how both the chemical composition and the crystalline structure of lead chromate-based pigments influence their stability. For this purpose, oil model samples made with in-house synthesized powders of PbCrO4 and PbCr1xSxO4 were artificially aged and characterized. We observed a profound darkening only for those paint models made with PbCr1xSxO4, rich in SO42 (x ≥ 0.4), and orthorhombic phases (>30 wt %). Cr and S K-edge micro X-ray absorption near edge structure investigations revealed in an unequivocal manner the formation of up to about 60% of Cr(III)-species in the outer layer of the most altered samples; conversely, independent of the paint models chemical composition, no change in the S-oxidation state was observed. Analyses employing UVvisible diffuse reflectance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were performed on unaged and aged model samples in order to obtain additional information on the physicochemical changes induced by the aging treatment.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000313668400032 Publication Date 2012-10-10  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 6.32 Times cited 49 Open Access  
  Notes ; This research was supported by grants from ESRF (experiment EC-799), the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16), and the BELSPO-SDD S2-ART (SD/RI/04) project. The text also presents results from GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. The EU FP7 programme CHARISMA (Grant Agreement 228330) and MIUR (PRIN08, Materiali e sistemi innovativi per la conservazione dell'arte contemporanea 2008 FFXXN9) are also acknowledged. ; Approved Most recent IF: 6.32; 2013 IF: 5.825  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:110471 Serial 5569  
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Author Cagno, S.; de Raedt, I.; Jeffries, T.; Janssens, K. doi  openurl
  Title Composition of Facon de Venise glass from early 17th century London in comparison with luxury glass of the same age Type P1 Proceeding
  Year 2012 Publication Proceedings of the Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers T2 – Conference on Integrated Approaches to the Study of Historical Glass, (IASHG), APR 16-17, 2012, Brussels, BELGIUM Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 842205-842212  
  Keywords P1 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract SEM-EDX and LA-ICP-MS analyses were performed on a set of early 17th century London glass fragments. The samples originate from two archaeological sites (Aldgate and Old Broad Street) where glass workshops were active in this period. The great majority of the samples are made of soda glass. Two distinct compositional groups are observed, each typical of one site of provenance. The samples originating from the Old Broad Street excavation feature a silica-soda-lime composition, with a moderate amount of potash. The samples from Aldgate are richer in potassium and feature higher amounts of trace elements such as Rb, Zr and Cu. The distinction between the two groups stems from different flux and silica sources used for glassmaking. A comparison with different European glass compositions of that time reveals no resemblance with genuine Venetian production, yet the composition of the Old Broad Street glass shows a close similarity to that of fragments produced 'a la facon de Venise' in Antwerp at the end of the 16th century. This coincides with historical sources attesting the arrival of glassworkers from the Low Countries in England and suggests that a transfer of technology took place near the turn of the century.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000311900800005 Publication Date 2012-06-06  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume 8422 Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-0-8194-9104-6; 0277-786x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited 1 Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:110142 Serial 5543  
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Author Aerts, A.; Janssens, K.; Adams, F. openurl 
  Title A chemical investigation of altered jade art objects Type A3 Journal article
  Year 1995 Publication Orientations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 79-80  
  Keywords A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:10989 Serial 5516  
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Author Nuyts, G.; Cagno, S.; Hellemans, K.; Veronesi, G.; Cotte, M.; Janssens, K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Study of the early stages of Mn intrusion in corroded glass by means of combined SR FTIR/\muXRF imaging and XANES spectroscopy Type P1 Proceeding
  Year 2013 Publication Procedia Chemistry T2 – Youth in Conservation of Cultural Heritage Conference (YOCOCU), June 18-20, 2012, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 239-247  
  Keywords P1 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Historical glass, especially medieval glass, can undergo weathering under the influence of time and environmental conditions. The aim of this investigation was to better understand the processes involved in this natural degradation process by studying artificially altered glass samples prepared for the use of evaluation of conservation methods. Non-durable glass sensors produced by the Fraunhofer Institute (type M1.0) were used as a starting material for artificial alteration. These were immersed in acidic (pH = 0, 2, 4) and neutral solutions (1 h – 8 h). In a second stage the glass samples were immersed in a 0.5 M MnCl2 solution (24 h, 48 h and 72 h), allowing intrusion of Mn from the solution into the gel layer. The samples were characterized at different stages with reflectance FTIR spectroscopy, mu XRF mapping and mu XANES. All measurements were carried out at ESRF, beamline ID21. Reflectance FTIR spectroscopy measurements were performed in the 800 4000 cm(-1) range. Cluster analysis of the resulting maps evidenced the rapid growth of the gel layer in strong acidic conditions. The average spectra for each cluster feature show for the original glass a strong Si-O- stretching band between 900 and 1000 cm(-1), whereas the gel layer could be identified by the increasing Si-O-Si bands around 1100 and 1250 cm(-1). mu XRF maps were recorded at different stages of the experiment at energies around the Mn-K edge (6.539 keV) and with a step size of 2 by 2 m. These confirm the leaching of K+ and Ca+2 from the glass and the intrusion of Mn from the solution. Mn was found throughout the entire gel layer, but with a concentration gradient peaking at the surface. XANES point measurements were recorded at various points where Mn was present. No spatial variation was found, but linear combination fitting of the spectra with various Mn reference compounds indicated that Mn2+Mn23+O4 is the main Mn compound in the gel layer, as was hypothesised by Watkinson et al. The standard corroded glass samples studied here can be used for the evaluation of conservation treatments in follow-up experiments. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the IA-CS (Italian Association of Conservation Scientists) and University of Antwerp  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000321673900030 Publication Date 2013-04-17  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume 8 Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1876-6196 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited 4 Open Access  
  Notes ; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme – Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA XANES “meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. We gratefully acknowledge ESRF for granting beamtime (experiment EC873). ; Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:109871 Serial 5851  
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Author Aerts, A.; Janssens, K.; Adams, F. openurl 
  Title Chemical analysis of the powder deposit on Chinese jade objects Type H3 Book chapter
  Year 1995 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 12-13  
  Keywords H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:10986 Serial 5510  
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Author Vanmeert, F.; Mudronja, D.; Fazinic, S.; Janssens, K.; Tibljas, D. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Semi-quantitative analysis of the formation of a calcium oxalate protective layer for monumental limestone using combined micro-XRF and micro-XRPD Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2013 Publication X-ray spectrometry Abbreviated Journal X-Ray Spectrom  
  Volume 42 Issue 4 Pages 256-261  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract A current method for the protection of cretaceous limestone present in various monuments consists of performing a passivating treatment with ammonium oxalate (AmOx). A calcium oxalate protective layer is formed on the surface and enhances the acid resistance of the stone. The in-depth formation of the calcium oxalate layer was investigated on cross sections by using combined micro X-ray fluorescence and micro X-ray powder diffraction (mu XRF/mu XRPD). XRPD showed the presence of both whewellite and weddellite in the calcite stone matrix. A correction was made for sample misalignment, which was visible in both the fluorescence and the diffraction line measurements. A semi-quantitative analysis was performed on the basis of Klug's equation for a two-phase mixture (the presence of weddellite was neglected) without the need for a known reference sample. By assuming two extreme compositions for a reference weight fraction (1 and 99wt%), it was possible to obtain whewellite concentration profiles, which can be used for comparing the effectiveness of different methods for the application of AmOx to the stone surface and the effect of treatment time and AmOx concentration used. It is shown that for the relative amounts of whewellite formed, the differences due to the assumed weight fractions are smaller than the errors due to sample heterogeneity and preferred orientation. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000320727900015 Publication Date 2013-05-14  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0049-8246 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 1.298 Times cited 5 Open Access  
  Notes ; The authors would like to thank De Nolf W. for his valuable feedback on the analysis of the X-ray diffraction data. We acknowledge SOLEIL for provision of SR facilities (proposal ID 20100979), and we would like to thank Dr. C. Mocuta for his assistance at the DIFFABS beamline. This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Program – Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA 'XANES meets ELNES' (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. The EU Community's FP7 Research Infrastructures program for the CHARISMA Project (grant agreement 228330) and, within framework in particular, the access possibilities to the SOLEIL and IPANEMA facilities are also acknowledged. ; Approved Most recent IF: 1.298; 2013 IF: 1.187  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:109579 Serial 5827  
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Author Lind, O.C.; de Nolf, W.; Janssens, K.; Salbu, B. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Micro-analytical characterisation of radioactive heterogeneities in samples from Central Asian TENORM sites Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2013 Publication Journal of environmental radioactivity Abbreviated Journal J Environ Radioactiv  
  Volume 123 Issue Pages 63-70  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract The present work focuses on the use of micro-analytical techniques to demonstrate the heterogeneous distribution of radionuclides and metals in soils collected at Former Soviet Union mining sites in Central Asia. Based on digital autoradiography, radionuclides were heterogeneously distributed in soil samples collected at the abandoned uranium mining sites Kurday, Kazakhstan, Kadji Sai, Kyrgyzstan and Taboshar, Tajikistan. Using electron microscopy interfaced with X-ray microanalysis submicron – mm-sized radioactive particles and rock fragments with U, As, Se and toxic metals on the surfaces were identified in Kurday and Kadji Sai samples. Employing scanning and tomographic (3D) synchrotron radiation based micro-X-ray fluorescence (mu-SRXRF) and synchrotron radiation based micro-X-ray diffraction (mu-SRXRD) allowed us to observe the inner structure of the particles without physical sectioning. The distribution of elements in virtual crosssections demonstrated that U and a series of toxic elements were rather heterogeneously distributed also within individual radioactive TENORM particles. Compared to archived data, U in Kadji Sai particles was present as uraninite (U4O9+y or UO2+x) or Na-zippeite aNa(4)(UO2)(6)[(OH)(10)(SO4)(3)]center dot 4H(2)O), i.e. U minerals with very low solubility. The results suggested that TENORM particles can carry substantial amount of radioactivity, which can be subject to re-suspension, atmospheric transport and water transport. Thus, the potential radioecological and radioanalytical impact of radioactive particles at NORM and TENORM sites worldwide should be taken into account. The present work also demonstrates that radioecological studies should benefit from the use of advanced methods such as synchrotron radiation based techniques. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000321177200007 Publication Date 2012-03-16  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0265-931x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.31 Times cited 16 Open Access  
  Notes ; We gratefully acknowledge the support provided by the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the European Commission (HASYLAB proposal I-20070051 EC and II-20090184 EC). The authors are indebted to Dr. Karen Appel and Dr. Manuela Borchert, Hasylab for beamline assistance. ; Approved Most recent IF: 2.31; 2013 IF: 3.571  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:109558 Serial 5710  
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Author Alfeld, M.; Pedroso, J.V.; van Hommes, M.E.; van der Snickt, G.; Tauber, G.; Blaas, J.; Haschke, M.; Erler, K.; Dik, J.; Janssens, K. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title A mobile instrument for in situ scanning macro-XRF investigation of historical paintings Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2013 Publication Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry Abbreviated Journal J Anal Atom Spectrom  
  Volume 28 Issue 5 Pages 760-767  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Scanning macro-X-ray fluorescence analysis (MA-XRF) is rapidly being established as a technique for the investigation of historical paintings. The elemental distribution images acquired by this method allow for the visualization of hidden paint layers and thus provide insight into the artist's creative process and the painting's conservation history. Due to the lack of a dedicated, commercially available instrument the application of the technique was limited to a few groups that constructed their own instruments. We present the first commercially available XRF scanner for paintings, consisting of an X-ray tube mounted with a Silicon-Drift (SD) detector on a motorized stage to be moved in front of a painting. The scanner is capable of imaging the distribution of the main constituents of surface and sub-surface paint layers in an area of 80 by 60 square centimeters with dwell times below 10 ms and a lateral resolution below 100 mu m. The scanner features for a broad range of elements between Ti (Z = 22) and Mo (Z = 42) a count rate of more than 1000 counts per second (cps)?mass percent and detection limits of 100 ppm for measurements of 1 s duration. Next to a presentation of spectrometric figures of merit, the value of the technique is illustrated through a case study of a painting by Rembrandt's student Govert Flinck (1615-1660).  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000317674200019 Publication Date 2013-03-22  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0267-9477 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.379 Times cited 106 Open Access  
  Notes ; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme – Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents the results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. M. Alfeld receives a Ph. D. fellowship of the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO). We thank J. Langerock for allowing us to examine the portable altar triptych shown in Fig. 5. ; Approved Most recent IF: 3.379; 2013 IF: 3.396  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:108517 Serial 5453  
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Author Alfeld, M.; van der Snickt, G.; Vanmeert, F.; Janssens, K.; Dik, J.; Appel, K.; van der Loeff, L.; Chavannes, M.; Meedendorp, T.; Hendriks, E. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Scanning XRF investigation of a Flower Still Life and its underlying composition from the collection of the Kröller-Muller Museum Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2013 Publication Applied physics A : materials science & processing Abbreviated Journal Appl Phys A-Mater  
  Volume 111 Issue 1 Pages 165-175  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000316075700020 Publication Date 2013-01-29  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0947-8396 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 1.455 Times cited 35 Open Access  
  Notes ; This research was supported by the SSD program of BELSPO, Brussels (project S2-ART). Results are also presented here from Gemeenschappelijke Onderzoeksactie (GOA) 'XANES meets ELNES' (Research Fund, University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO) (Brussels, Belgium) project Nos. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. The research leading to these results was funded by the European Community's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 226716 and the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO) under the VIDI project “Looking Over the Painter's Shoulder” (grant No. 700.10.426). M. Alfeld is the recipient of a Ph.D. fellowship of the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO). ; Approved Most recent IF: 1.455; 2013 IF: 1.694  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:108264 Serial 5826  
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Author Alfeld, M.; Siddons, D.P.; Janssens, K.; Dik, J.; Woll, A.; Kirkham, R.; van de Wetering, E. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Visualizing the 17th century underpainting in Portrait of an Old Man by Rembrandt van Rijn using synchrotron-based scanning macro-XRF Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2013 Publication Applied physics A : materials science & processing Abbreviated Journal Appl Phys A-Mater  
  Volume 111 Issue 1 Pages 157-164  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract In 17th century Old Master Paintings, the underpainting generally refers to the first sketch of a composition. The underpainting is applied to a prepared ground using a monochrome, brown oil paint to roughly indicate light, shade and contours. So far, methods to visualize the underpainting-other than in localized cross-sections-have been very limited. Neither infrared reflectography nor neutron induced autoradiography have proven to be practical, adequate visualization tools. Thus, although of fundamental interest in the understanding of a painting's genesis, the underpainting has virtually escaped all imaging efforts. In this contribution we will show that 17th century underpainting may consist of a highly heterogeneous mixture of pigments, including copper pigments. We suggest that this brown pigment mixture is actually the recycled left-over of a palette scraping. With copper as the heaviest exclusive elemental component, we will hence show in a case study on a Portrait of an Old Man attributed to Rembrandt van Rijn how scanning macro-XRF can be used to efficiently visualize the underpainting below the surface painting and how this information can contribute to the discussion of the painting's authenticity.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000316075700019 Publication Date 2012-12-14  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0947-8396 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 1.455 Times cited 26 Open Access  
  Notes ; This research was supported by the SSD programme of BELSPO, Brussels (project S2-ART). The text also presents results of GOA 'XANES meets ELNES' (Research Fund, University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects nos. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. Further, the research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 226716. M. Alfeld receives a Ph.D. fellowship of the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO). Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. We acknowledge the assistance of C. Ryan, CSIRO Australia, in the preparation of the elemental maps using GeoPIXE and Rene Gerritsen (http://www.renegerritsen.nl) in providing photographs, XRR and IRR of the painting. We thank Sullivan Entertainment for documenting part of this project in their TV documentary 'Out of the shadows'. ; Approved Most recent IF: 1.455; 2013 IF: 1.694  
  Call Number (down) UA @ admin @ c:irua:108263 Serial 5908  
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