“Stability and structures of the CFCC-TmC phases : a first-principles study”. Fang CM, van Huis MA, Zandbergen HW, Computational materials science 51, 146 (2012). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2011.07.017
Abstract: The η-M6C, γ-M23C6, and π-M11C2 phases (M = Cr, Mn and Fe) have complex cubic lattices with lattice parameters of approximately 1.0 nm. They belong to the CFCC-TmC family (complex face-centered cubic transition metal carbides), display a rich variety of crystal structures, and play in important role in iron alloys and steels. Here we show that first-principles calculations predict high stability for the γ-M23C6 and η-M6C phases, and instability for the π-M11C2 phases, taking into account various compositional and structural possibilities. The calculations also show a wide variety in magnetic properties. The Cr-containing phases were found to be non-magnetic and the Fe-phases to be ferromagnetic, while the Mn-containing phases were found to be either ferrimagnetic or non-magnetic. Details of the local atomic structures, and the formation and stability of these precipitates in alloys are discussed.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.292
Times cited: 18
DOI: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2011.07.017
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“Heavy metals in sediments from the Paraguay river: a preliminary study”. Facetti J, Dekov VM, Van Grieken R, The science of the total environment 209, 79 (1998). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(97)00299-4
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(97)00299-4
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“The influence of black carbon on the crystallization point of salt aerosol”. Even A, ten Brink HM, Khlystov A, Smekens A, Berghmans P, Van Grieken R, Journal of aerosol science 31, 336 (2000)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Conversion of platelets into dislocation loops and voidite formation in type IaB diamonds”. Evans T, Kiflawi I, Luyten W, Van Tendeloo G, Woods GS, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: series A: mathematical and physical sciences 449, 295 (1995). http://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1995.0045
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.192
Times cited: 32
DOI: 10.1098/rspa.1995.0045
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“Metal-decorated multi-wall carbon nanotubes for low temperature gas sensing”. Espinosa EH, Lonescu R, Bittencourt C, Felten A, Erni R, Van Tendeloo G, Pireaux J-J, Llobet E, Thin solid films : an international journal on the science and technology of thin and thick films 515, 8322 (2007). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2007.03.017
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.879
Times cited: 86
DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.03.017
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“BaHfO3artificial pinning centres in TFA-MOD-derived YBCO and GdBCO thin films”. Erbe M, Hänisch J, Hühne R, Freudenberg T, Kirchner A, Molina-Luna L, Damm C, Van Tendeloo G, Kaskel S, Schultz L, Holzapfel B, Superconductor science and technology 28, 114002 (2015). http://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/28/11/114002
Abstract: Chemical solution deposition (CSD) is a promising way to realize REBa2Cu3O7−x (REBCO;RE = rare earth (here Y, Gd))-coated conductors with high performance in applied magnetic fields. However, the preparation process contains numerous parameters which need to be tuned to achieve high-quality films. Therefore, we investigated the growth of REBCO thin films containing nanometre-scale BaHfO3 (BHO) particles as pinning centres for magnetic flux lines, with emphasis on the influence of crystallization temperature and substrate on the microstructure and superconductivity. Conductivity, microscopy and x-ray investigations show an enhanced performance of BHO nano-composites in comparison to pristine REBCO. Further, those measurements reveal the superiority of GdBCO to YBCO—e.g. by inductive critical current densities, Jc, at self-field and 77 K. YBCO is outperformed by more than 1 MA cm−2 with Jc values of up to 5.0 MA cm−2 for 265 nm thick layers of GdBCO(BHO) on lanthanum aluminate. Transport in-field Jc measurements demonstrate high pinning force maxima of around 4 GN m−3 for YBCO(BHO) and GdBCO(BHO). However, the irreversibility fields are appreciably higher for GdBCO. The critical temperature was not significantly reduced upon BHO addition to both YBCO and GdBCO, indicating a low tendency for Hf diffusion into the REBCO matrix. Angular-dependent Jc measurements show a reduction of the anisotropy in the same order of magnitude for both REBCO compounds. Theoretical models suggest that more than one sort of pinning centre is active in all CSD films.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.878
Times cited: 36
DOI: 10.1088/0953-2048/28/11/114002
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“Order and twining in Sb2W0.75Mo0.25O6”. Enjalbert R, Galy J, Castro A, Lidin S, Withers R, Van Tendeloo G, Solid state sciences 5, 721 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1016/S1293-2558(03)00093-1
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.811
Times cited: 3
DOI: 10.1016/S1293-2558(03)00093-1
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“Aerosol-soil fractionation for Namib desert samples”. Eltayeb MAH, Van Grieken RE, Maenhaut W, Annegarn HAJ, Journal of aersol science 23, 983 (1992)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Iron, copper, zinc and lead in hair from Sudanese populations of different age groups”. Eltayeb MAH, Van Grieken RE, The science of the total environment 95, 157 (1990). http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(90)90061-X
Abstract: Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence was used for the analysis of hair samples from three different age groups of the Sudanese population. Hair samples were digested in a mixture of nitric and perchloric acids and the metals were then precipitated with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. The variations of the Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb content of hair with age were investigated. The averages of the elemental concentrations in each age group were compared with the other age groups and with literature values. The correlation of each pair of elements in the hair samples was also investigated.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(90)90061-X
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“Size-differentiated composition of aerosols in Khartoum, Sudan”. Eltayeb MAH, van Espen PJ, Cafmeyer J, Van Grieken RE, Maenhaut W, The science of the total environment 120, 281 (1992). http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(92)90062-W
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(92)90062-W
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“The effect of molecular structure of organic compound on the direct high-pressure synthesis of boron-doped nanodiamond: Effect of organic compound on synthesis of boron-doped nanodiamond”. Ekimov EA, Kudryavtsev OS, Turner S, Korneychuk S, Sirotinkin VP, Dolenko TA, Vervald AM, Vlasov II, Physica status solidi : A : applications and materials science 213, 2582 (2016). http://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201600181
Abstract: Evolution of crystalline phases with temperature has been studied in materials produced by high-pressure high-temperature treatment of 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane dimer (9BBN), triphenylborane and trimesitylborane. The boron-doped diamond nanoparticles with a size below 10 nm were obtained at 8–9 GPa and temperatures 970–1250 °C from 9BBN only. Bridged structure and the presence of boron atom in the carbon cycle of 9BBN were revealed to be a key point for the direct synthesis of doped diamond nanocrystals. The diffusional transformation of the disordered carbon phase is suggested to be the main mechanism of the nanodiamond formation from 9BBN in the temperature range of 970–1400 °C. Aqueous suspensions of primary boron-doped diamond nanocrystals were prepared upon removal of non-diamond phases that opens wide opportunities for application of this new nanomaterial in electronics and biotechnologies.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.775
Times cited: 8
DOI: 10.1002/pssa.201600181
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“Carbon flux and carbon stock in a bamboo stand and their relevance for mitigating climate change”. Düking R, Gielis J, Liese W, Bamboo Science &, Culture 24, 1 (2011)
Abstract: In this report we describe the basics of biological carbon fixation in bamboo forests. Confusing carbon stock with carbon flux has led to false expectations on the significance of bamboo forests as carbon sinks. Furthermore, misunderstandings about the growth of bamboo culms can lead to highly exaggerated expectations on the productivity of bamboo.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
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“Terapascal static pressure generation with ultrahigh yield strength nanodiamond”. Dubrovinskaia N, Dubrovinsky L, Solopova NA, Abakumov A, Turner S, Hanfland M, Bykova E, Bykov M, Prescher C, Prakapenka VB, Petitgirard S, Chuvashova I, Gasharova B, Mathis Y-L, Ershov P, Snigireva I, Snigirev A, Science Advances 2, e1600341 (2016). http://doi.org/10.1126/SCIADV.1600341
Abstract: Studies of materials' properties at high and ultrahigh pressures lead to discoveries of unique physical and chemical phenomena and a deeper understanding of matter. In high-pressure research, an achievable static pressure limit is imposed by the strength of available strong materials and design of high-pressure devices. Using a high-pressure and high-temperature technique, we synthesized optically transparent microballs of bulk nanocrystalline diamond, which were found to have an exceptional yield strength (similar to 460 GPa at a confining pressure of similar to 70 GPa) due to the unique microstructure of bulk nanocrystalline diamond. We used the nanodiamond balls in a double-stage diamond anvil cell high-pressure device that allowed us to generate static pressures beyond 1 TPa, as demonstrated by synchrotron x-ray diffraction. Outstanding mechanical properties (strain-dependent elasticity, very high hardness, and unprecedented yield strength) make the nanodiamond balls a unique device for ultrahigh static pressure generation. Structurally isotropic, homogeneous, and made of a low-Z material, they are promising in the field of x-ray optical applications.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
DOI: 10.1126/SCIADV.1600341
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“Addition of yttrium into HfO2 films: microstructure and electrical properties”. Dubourdieu C, Rauwel E, Roussel H, Ducroquet F, Hollaender B, Rossell M, Van Tendeloo G, Lhostis S, Rushworth S, Journal of vacuum science and technology: A: vacuum surfaces and films 27, 503 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1116/1.3106627
Abstract: The cubic phase of HfO2 was stabilized by addition of yttrium in thin films grown on Si/SiO2 by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The cubic phase was obtained for contents of 6.5 at. % Y or higher at a temperature as low as 470 °C. The complete compositional range (from 1.5 to 99.5 at. % Y) was investigated. The crystalline structure of HfO2 was determined from x-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, and attenuated total-reflection infrared spectroscopy. For cubic films, the continuous increase in the lattice parameter indicates the formation of a solid-solution HfO2Y2O3. As shown by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, yttrium silicate is formed at the interface with silicon; the interfacial layer thickness increases with increasing yttrium content and increasing film thickness. The dependence of the intrinsic relative permittivity r as a function of Y content was determined. It exhibits a maximum of ~30 for ~8.8 at. % Y. The cubic phase is stable upon postdeposition high-temperature annealing at 900 °C under NH3.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.374
Times cited: 29
DOI: 10.1116/1.3106627
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“Formation of Mn304/C core-shell nanowires and a new MN-O phase by electron beam irradiation”. Du GH, Van Tendeloo G, Applied physics A : materials science &, processing 91, 393 (2008). http://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-008-4430-5
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.455
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.1007/s00339-008-4430-5
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“Separating two painting campaigns in Saul and David, attributed to Rembrandt, using macroscale reflectance and XRF imaging spectroscopies and microscale paint analysis”. Dooley KA, Gifford EM, van Loon A, Noble P, Zeibel JG, Conover DM, Alfeld M, van der Snickt G, Legrand S, Janssens K, Dik J, Delaney JK, Heritage science 6, 46 (2018). http://doi.org/10.1186/S40494-018-0212-3
Abstract: Late paintings of Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669) offer intriguing problems for both art historians and conservation scientists. In the research presented here, the key question addressed is whether observed stylistic differences in paint handling can be correlated with material differences. In Saul and David, in the collection of the Royal Picture Gallery Mauritshuis in The Hague, NL, the stylistic differences between the loose brushwork of Saul's cloak and the more detailed depiction of his turban and the figure of David have been associated with at least two painting stages since the late 1960s, but the attribution of each stage has been debated in the art historical literature. Stylistic evaluation of the paint handling in the two stages, based on magnified surface examination, is further described here. One of the research goals was to determine whether the stylistic differences could be further differentiated with macroscale and microscale methods of material analysis. To address this, selected areas of the painting having pronounced stylistic differences were investigated with two macroscopic chemical imaging methods, X-ray fluorescence and reflectance imaging spectroscopies. The pigments used were identified and their spatial distribution was mapped. The mapping results show that the passages rendered in more detail and associated stylistically with the first painting stage, such as the orange-red color of David's garment or the Greek key design in Saul's turban, were painted with predominately red ochre mixed with vermilion. The regions of loose, bold brushwork, such as the orange-red slashing strokes in the interior of Saul's cloak, associated with the second painting stage, were painted with predominately red ochre without vermilion. These macroscale imaging results were confirmed and extended with scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analysis of three cross-sections taken from regions of stylistic differences associated with the two painting stages, including one sample each from the right and left sleeve of David, and one from the interior of Saul's cloak. SEM-EDX also identified a trace component, barium sulfate, associated with the red ochre of the second stage revisions. Combining mapping information from two spectroscopic imaging methods with localized information from microscopic samples has clearly shown that the stylistic differences observed in the paint handling are affiliated with differences in the chemical composition of the paints.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Times cited: 3
DOI: 10.1186/S40494-018-0212-3
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“Photochemical production of hydrogen peroxide by digging pro-superoxide radical carbon vacancies in carbon nitride”. Ding Y, Maitra S, Arenas Esteban D, Bals S, Vrielinck H, Barakat T, Roy S, Van Tendeloo G, Liu J, Li Y, Vlad A, Su B-L, Cell reports physical science 3, 100874 (2022). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.XCRP.2022.100874
Abstract: Artificial photosynthesis of H2O2, an environmentally friendly oxidant and a clean fuel, holds great promise. However, improving its efficiency and stability for industrial implementation remains highly challenging. Here, we report the visible-light H2O2 artificial photosynthesis by digging pro-superoxide radical carbon vacancies in three-dimensional hierarchical porous g-C3N4 through a simple hydrolysis-freeze-drying-thermal treatment. A significant electronic structure change is revealed upon the implantation of carbon vacancies, broadening visible-light absorption and facilitating the photogenerated charge separation. The strong electron affinity of the carbon vacancies promotes superoxide radical (O-center dot(2)-) formation, significantly boosting the H2O2 photocatalytic production. The developed photocatalyst shows an H2O2 evolution rate of 6287.5 mM g(-1) h(-1) under visible-light irradiation with a long cycling stability being the best-performing photocatalyst among all reported g-C3N4-based systems. Our work provides fundamental insight into highly active and stable photocatalysts with great potential for safe industrial H2O2 production.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Times cited: 12
DOI: 10.1016/J.XCRP.2022.100874
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““Branched&rdquo, structural transformation of the L12-Al3Zr phase manipulated by Cu substitution/segregation in the Al-Cu-Zr alloy system”. Ding L, Zhao M, Ehlers FJH, Jia Z, Zhang Z, Weng Y, Schryvers D, Liu Q, Idrissi H, Journal of materials science &, technology 185, 186 (2024). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2023.11.015
Abstract: The effect of Cu on the evolution of the Al3Zr phase in an Al-Cu-Zr cast alloy during solution treatment at 500 °C has been thoroughly studied by combining atomic resolution high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and first-principles cal- culations. The heat treatment initially produces a pure L12-Al3Zr microstructure, allowing for about 13 % Cu to be incorporated in the dispersoid. Cu incorporation increases the energy barrier for anti-phase boundary (APB) activation, thus stabilizing the L12 structure. Additional heating leads to a Cu-induced “branched”path for the L12 structural transformation, with the latter process accelerated once the first APB has been created. Cu atoms may either (i) be repelled by the APBs, promoting the transformation to a Cu-poor D023 phase, or (ii) they may segregate at one Al-Zr layer adjacent to the APB, promoting a transformation to a new thermodynamically favored phase, Al4CuZr, formed when these segregation layers are periodically arranged. Theoretical studies suggest that the branching of the L12 transformation path is linked to the speed at which an APB is created, with Cu attraction triggered by a comparatively slow process. This unexpected transformation behavior of the L12-Al3Zr phase opens a new path to understanding, and potentially regulating the Al3Zr dispersoid evolution for high temperature applications.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 10.9
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2023.11.015
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“Study of the Q&prime, (Q)-phase precipitation in Al–Mg–Si–Cu alloys by quantification of atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy images and atom probe tomography”. Ding L, Orekhov A, Weng Y, Jia Z, Idrissi H, Schryvers D, Muraishi S, Hao L, Liu Q, Journal of materials science 54, 7943 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-03427-6
Abstract: The precipitation mechanism of the Q phase in Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys has long been the subject of ambiguity and debate since its metastable phase (Q 0) has the same crystal structure and similar lattice parameters as its equilibrium counterparts. In the present work, the evolution of the Q 0 (Q) phase during aging is studied by combination of quantitative atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography. It was found that the transformation from the Q 0 to the Q phase involves changes of the occupancy of Al atoms in atomic columns of the Q 0 (Q) phase. The Al atoms incorporated in the Cu, Si and Mg columns are gradually released into the Al matrix, while mixing between Cu and Si atoms occurs in the Si columns. This transformation process is mainly attributed to the low lattice misfit of the equilibrium Q phase. Besides, the formation of various compositions of the Q phase is due to the different occupancy in the atomic columns of the Q phase. The occupancy changes in the columns of the Q phase are kinetically controlled and are strongly influenced by the alloy composition and aging temperature.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.599
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.1007/s10853-019-03427-6
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“Laser microprobe mass analysis of individual North Sea aerosol particles”. Dierck I, Michaud D, Wouters L, Van Grieken R, Environmental science and technology 26, 802 (1992). http://doi.org/10.1021/ES00028A021
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/ES00028A021
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“Insights into the C Distribution in Si:C/Si:C:P and the Annealing Behavior of Si:C Layers”. Dhayalan SK, Nuytten T, Pourtois G, Simoen E, Pezzoli F, Cinquanta E, Bonera E, Loo R, Rosseel E, Hikavyy A, Shimura Y, Vandervorst W, ECS journal of solid state science and technology 8, P209 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1149/2.0181903JSS
Abstract: Si:C and Si:C:P alloys are potential candidates for source-drain stressor applications in n-type Fin Field Effect Transistors (FinFETs). Increasing the C content to achieve high strain results in the arrangement of C atoms as third nearest neighbors (3nn) in the Si: C lattice. During thermal annealing, the presence of C atoms as 3nn may promote clustering at the interstitial sites, causing loss of stress. The concentration of C atoms as 3nn is reduced by the incorporation of a small amount of Ge atoms during the growth, whereas in-situ P doping does not influence this 3nn distribution [J Solid State Sci. Technol vol 6, p 755, 2017]. Small amounts of Ge are provided during low temperature selective epitaxial growth scheme, which are based on cyclic deposition and etching (CDE). In this work, we aim to provide physical insights into the aforementioned phenomena, to understand the behavior of 3nn C atoms and the types of defects that are formed in the annealed Si: C films. Using ab-initio simulations, the Ge-C interaction in the Si matrix is investigated and this insight is used to explain how the Ge incorporation leads to a reduced 3nn distribution of the C atoms. The interaction between C and P in the Si: C: P films is also investigated to explain why the P incorporation has not led to a reduction in the 3nn distribution. We then report on the Raman characterization of Si: C layers subjected to post epi annealing. As the penetration depth of the laser is dependent on the wavelength, Raman measurements at two different wavelengths enable us to probe the depth distribution of 3nn C atoms after applying different annealing conditions. We observed a homogeneous loss in 3nn C throughout the layer. Whereas in the kinematic modeling of high resolution X-ray diffraction spectra, a gradient in the substitutional C loss was observed close to the epitaxial layer/substrate interface. This gradient can be due to the out diffusion of C atoms into the Si substrate or to the formation of interstitial C clusters, which cannot be distinguished in HR-XRD. Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy indicated that the prominent out-diffusing species was interstitial CO complex while the interstitial C defects were also prevalent in the epi layer. (c) 2019 The Electrochemical Society.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 1.787
DOI: 10.1149/2.0181903JSS
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“On the evolution of strain and electrical properties in as-grown and annealed Si:P epitaxial films for source-drain stressor applications”. Dhayalan SK, Kujala J, Slotte J, Pourtois G, Simoen E, Rosseel E, Hikavyy A, Shimura Y, Loo R, Vandervorst W, ECS journal of solid state science and technology 7, P228 (2018). http://doi.org/10.1149/2.0071805JSS
Abstract: Heavily P doped Si:P epitaxial layers have gained interest in recent times as a promising source-drain stressor material for n type FinFETs (Fin Field Effect Transistors). They are touted to provide excellent conductivity as well as tensile strain. Although the as-grown layers do provide tensile strain, their conductivity exhibits an unfavorable behavior. It reduces with increasing P concentration (P > 1E21 at/cm(3)), accompanied by a saturation in the active carrier concentration. Subjecting the layers to laser annealing increases the conductivity and activates a fraction of P atoms. However, there is also a concurrent reduction in tensile strain (<1%). Literature proposes the formation of local semiconducting Si3P4 complexes to explain the observed behaviors in Si:P [Z. Ye et al., ECS Trans., 50(9) 2013, p. 1007-10111. The development of tensile strain and the saturation in active carrier is attributed to the presence of local complexes while their dispersal on annealing is attributed to strain reduction and increase in active carrier density. However, the existence of such local complexes is not proven and a fundamental void exists in understanding the structure-property correlation in Si:P films. In this respect, our work investigates the reason behind the evolution of strain and electrical properties in the as-grown and annealed Si:P epitaxial layers using ab-initio techniques and corroborate the results with physical characterization techniques. It will be shown that the strain developed in Si:P films is not due to any specific complexes while the formation of Phosphorus-vacancy complexes will be shown responsible for the carrier saturation and the increase in resistivity in the as-grown films. Interstitial/precipitate formation is suggested to be a reason for the strain loss in the annealed films. (C) The Author(s) 2018. Published by ECS.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 1.787
Times cited: 4
DOI: 10.1149/2.0071805JSS
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“Defects in high-dose oxygen implanted silicon : a TEM study”. Deveirman A, van Landuyt J, Vanhellemont J, Maes HE, Yallup K, Vacuum: the international journal and abstracting service for vacuum science and technology
T2 –, 1ST SIOMX WORKSHOP ( SEPARATION BY IMPLANTATION OF OXYGEN ) ( SWI-88 ), NOV 07-08, 1988, UNIV SURREY, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND 42, 367 (1991). http://doi.org/10.1016/0042-207X(91)90055-N
Abstract: Results are discussed of a transmission electron microscopy study of high-dose oxygen implanted silicon. In addition to the general high temperature (> 1200-degrees-C) annealing treatments also annealings at 'low' temperatures (1000-1100-degrees-C) were performed in order to slow down the precipitate and defect reactions. The observed dissolution of the oxide precipitates during prolonged high temperature annealing is explained by critical radius considerations. Threading dislocations are the remaining lattice defects in the silicon overlayer and cannot be removed by further annealing. Low temperature annealing results in the formation and subsequent unfaulting of extrinsic stacking fault loops below the buried oxide layer.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 1.858
Times cited: 4
DOI: 10.1016/0042-207X(91)90055-N
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“Elemental and ionic concentrations in the urban aerosol in Antwerp, Belgium”. Deutsch F, Stranger M, Kaplinskii AE, Samek L, Joos P, Van Grieken R, Journal of environmental science and health: part A: toxic/hazardous substances &, environmental engineering 39, 539 (2004). http://doi.org/10.1081/ESE-120027724
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1081/ESE-120027724
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“A hybrid monitoring and modelling approach to assess the contribution of sources of glyphosate and AMPA in large river catchments”. Desmet N, Touchant K, Seuntjens P, Tang T, Bronders J, The science of the total environment 573, 1580 (2016). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2016.09.100
Abstract: Large river catchments with mixed land use capture pesticides from many sources, and degradable pesticides are converted during downstream transport. Unravelling the contribution of pesticide source and the effect of degradation processes is a challenge in such areas. However, insight and understanding of the sources is important for targeted managen-lent, especially when water is abstracted from the river for drinking water production. The river Meuse is such a case. A long-term monitoring data set was applied in a modelling approach for assessing the contribution of waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) and tributaries (sub-basins) to surface water contamination, and to evaluate the effect of decay on the downstream concentrations of glyphosate and AMPA at the point of drinking water abstraction. The results show that WWTPs are important contributors for glyphosate and AMPA in large river catchments with mixed land uses. In the studied area, the river Meuse in the Netherlands, the relative contribution of WWTP effluents is above 29% for glyphosate and around 12% for AMPA. Local industries are found to be potentially big contributors of AMPA. Glyphosate entering the river system is gradually converted to AMPA and other degradation-productions, which results in downstream loads that are considerably lower than the sum of all influxes. In summer when the travel time is longer due to lower discharge, the first order decay of glyphosate in the river Meuse is estimated to result in about 50% reduction of the downstream glyphosate concentrations over a river stretch of 250 km. The contribution of glyphosate decay to the observed AMPA concentrations ranges between 2% and 10%. Contributions are sensitive to seasonal variations in discharge that influence the concentrations through dilution and degradation. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2016.09.100
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“The dark halo technique in the oeuvre of Michael Sweerts and other Flemish and Dutch baroque painters. A 17th c. empirical solution to mitigate the optical 'simultaneous contrast' effect?”.Derks K, van der Snickt G, Legrand S, van der Stighelen K, Janssens K, Heritage science 10, 5 (2022). http://doi.org/10.1186/S40494-021-00634-W
Abstract: Although the topic is rarely addressed in literature, a significant number of baroque paintings exhibit dark, halo-like shapes around the contours of the dramatis personae. Close examination of both finished and unfinished works suggests that this intriguing feature was a practical tool that helped the artist in the early painting stages. When applying the final brushwork, the halo lost its function, with some artists undertaking efforts to hide it. Although their visibility might not have been intended by the artists, today this dark paint beneath the surface is partially visible through the upper paint layers. Moreover, the disclosure of many halos using infrared photography (IRP), infrared reflectography (IRR) and macro X-ray fluorescence imaging (MA-XRF), additional to those that can be observed visually, suggests that this was a common and established element of 17th-century painting practice in Western Europe. Building on an existing hypothesis, we argue that halos can be considered as a solution to an optical problem that arose when baroque painters reversed the traditional, 15th- and 16th-century painting sequence of working from background to foreground. Instead, they started with the dominant parts of a composition, such as the face of a sitter. In that case, a temporary halo can provide the essential tonal reference to anticipate the chromatic impact of the final dark colored background on the adjacent delicate carnations. In particular, we attempt to clarify the prevalence of dark halos as a response to optical effects such as 'simultaneous contrast' and 'the crispening effect', described in literature only centuries later. As such, the recently termed 'ring condition' can be seen as the present-day equivalent of the 'halo solution' that was seemingly empirically or intuitively developed by 17th-century artists. Modern studies in visual perception proves that by laying a black ring around a target color, the optical impact of a surrounding color can be efficiently neutralized. Finally, by delving into works by Michael Sweerts, it becomes clear that resourceful artists might have adapted the halo technique and the underlying principles to their individual challenges, such as dealing with differently colored grounds.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Art; Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES); Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS)
Impact Factor: 2.5
DOI: 10.1186/S40494-021-00634-W
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“Modeling of the target surface modification by reactive ion implantation during magnetron sputtering”. Depla D, Chen ZY, Bogaerts A, Ignatova V, de Gryse R, Gijbels R, Journal of vacuum science and technology: A: vacuum surfaces and films 22, 1524 (2004). http://doi.org/10.1116/1.1705641
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 1.374
Times cited: 13
DOI: 10.1116/1.1705641
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“The reduction of the substitutional C content in annealed Si/SiGeC superlattices studied by dark-field electron holography”. Denneulin T, Rouvière JL, Béché, A, Py M, Barnes JP, Rochat N, Hartmann JM, Cooper D, Semiconductor science and technology 26, 1 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/26/12/125010
Abstract: Si/Si(1 − x − y)GexCy superlattices are used in the construction of new microelectronic architectures such as multichannel transistors. The introduction of carbon in SiGe allows for compensation of the strain and to avoid plastic relaxation. However, the formation of incoherent β-SiC clusters during annealing limits the processability of SiGeC. This precipitation leads to a modification of the strain in the alloy due to the reduction of the substitutional carbon content. Here, we investigated the strain in annealed Si/Si0.744Ge0.244C0.012 superlattices grown by reduced pressure chemical vapour deposition using dark-field electron holography. The variation of the substitutional C content was calculated by correlating the results with finite-element simulations. The obtained values were then compared with Fourier-transformed infrared spectrometry measurements. It was shown that after annealing for 2 min at 1050 °C carbon no longer has any influence on strain in the superlattice, which behaves like pure SiGe. However, a significant proportion of substitutional C atoms remain in a third-nearest neighbour (3nn) configuration. It was deduced that the influence of 3nn C on strain is negligible and that only isolated atoms have a significant contribution. It was also proposed that the 3nn configuration is an intermediary step during the formation of SiC clusters.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 2.305
DOI: 10.1088/0268-1242/26/12/125010
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“Controllable nitrogen doping in as deposited TiO2 film and its effect on post deposition annealing”. Deng S, Verbruggen SW, Lenaerts S, Martens JA, Van den Berghe S, Devloo-Casier K, Devulder W, Dendoover J, Deduytsche D, Detavernier C, Journal of vacuum science and technology: A: vacuum surfaces and films 32, 01a123 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1116/1.4847976
Abstract: In order to narrow the band gap of TiO2, nitrogen doping by combining thermal atomic layer deposition (TALD) of TiO2 and plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) of TiN has been implemented. By altering the ratio between TALD TiO2 and PEALD TiN, the as synthesized TiOxNy films showed different band gaps (from 1.91 eV to 3.14 eV). In situ x-ray diffraction characterization showed that the crystallization behavior of these films changed after nitrogen doping. After annealing in helium, nitrogen doped TiO2 films crystallized into rutile phase while for the samples annealed in air a preferential growth of the anatase TiO2 along (001) orientation was observed. Photocatalytic tests of the degradation of stearic acid were done to evaluate the effect of N doping on the photocatalytic activity.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Impact Factor: 1.374
Times cited: 10
DOI: 10.1116/1.4847976
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“Confocal micrometer-scale X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption fine structure studies of uranium speciation in a tertiary sediment from a waste disposal natural analogue site”. Denecke MA, Janssens K, Proost K, Rothe J, Noseck U, Environmental science and technology 39, 2049 (2005). http://doi.org/10.1021/ES048644K
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 6.198
Times cited: 47
DOI: 10.1021/ES048644K
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