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Author  |
Yuan, R.; Claes, N.; Verheyen, E.; Tuel, A.; Bals, S.; Breynaert, E.; Martens, J.; Kirschhock, C.E.A. |
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Title |
Synthesis of IWW-type germanosilicate zeolite using 5-azonia-spiro[4, 4]nonane as structure directing agent |
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A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
New journal of chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
New J Chem |
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Volume |
40 |
Issue |
40 |
Pages |
4319-4324 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
IWW-type zeolite with Si/Ge of 4.9 is obtained using 5-azonia-spiro[4,4]nonane as template in fluoride-free medium under hydrothermal conditions at 175 °C. In an otherwise identical synthesis, using the related 5-azonia-spiro[4,5]decane as structure directing agent, a mixture of IWW and NON zeolite types was formed. In absence of GeO2 from the reactant mixture, pure NON formed. The IWW zeolite was characterized by XRD, SEM, and HRTEM. IWW zeolite displayed a unique morphology and could be calcined at 600 °C without loss of crystallinity. The Si/Ge ratio of the IWW zeolite was increased by postsynthesis modification. Part of the germanium could be eliminated from the as-synthesized IWW zeolite by acid leaching using 6 M HCl solution. Also the calcined material could be degermanated. Here the presence of a silicon source in the acidic leaching solution minimized structural damage. This way the Si/Ge ratio of the IWW zeolite was increased from 4.9 up to 10. |
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Wos |
000375586400038 |
Publication Date |
2016-02-19 |
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ISSN |
1144-0546 |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.269 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
The authors acknowledge FWO/NWO and ESRF for providing beam time at the DUBBLE and SNBL beamlines (ESRF, Grenoble) and P. Abdala for her assistance during the use of the beamline. The authors are grateful to L. Van Tendeloo for taking SEM images. I. Cuppens and K. Houthoofd are thanked for the ICP and AAS measurements. R.Y. acknowledges Chinese Scholarship Council for a CSC doctoral fellowship. JAM and CEAK acknowledge the Flemish government for long-term structural funding (Methusalem). N.C. and S.B. acknowledge financial support from European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant #335078-COLOURATOMS).; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:yellow; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot); |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.269 |
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Call Number |
c:irua:133671 |
Serial |
4027 |
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Author |
Zewdie, M.C.; Van Passel, S.; Moretti, M.; Annys, S.; Tenessa, D.B.; Ayele, Z.A.; Tsegaye, E.A.; Cools, J.; Minale, A.S.; Nyssen, J. |
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Title |
Pathways how irrigation water affects crop revenue of smallholder farmers in northwest Ethiopia: A mixed approach |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Agricultural Water Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
Agr Water Manage |
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Volume |
233 |
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Pages |
106101 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
The relationship between irrigation water availability and crop revenue is multifaceted. However, most of the previous studies focused only on the direct effect of irrigation water on crop revenue or considered that the indirect effect passes only through the farmers’ improved farm inputs usage. Nevertheless, unlike previous studies, this study argues that a one-sided argument that irrigation water directly causes high crop revenue or indirectly affects crop revenue only via the farmers’ improved farm inputs usage is incomplete, as irrigation water not only directly contributes to crop revenue but also indirectly conduces to crop revenue via both the type of crops produced and the farmers’ improved farm inputs usage. Considering the previous studies’ limitations, this study investigates pathways how small-scale irrigation water affects crop revenue and identifies challenges of small-scale irrigation farming in Fogera district, Ethiopia. Results endorsed that irrigation water has both direct and indirect effects on crop revenue. The indirect effect is 67 percent of the total effect and it is mediated by both the type of crops produced and farmers’ improved farm inputs usage. The result also indicated that irrigation user farmers have a higher income, more livestock assets and resources and better food, housing, and cloths than the non-users. Moreover, challenges related to agricultural output and input market were identified as the most severe problem followed by crop disease. The findings of our study suggest that to utilize the benefits of irrigation water properly, it is crucial to encourage farmers to use more improved farm inputs and to shift from staple to cash crop production. Moreover, farmers are frequently exposed to cheating by illegal brokers in the output market, therefore it is also important to increase farmers’ accessibility to output and input markets, the quality of improved farm inputs, and the bargaining power of farmers with market information. |
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000525291200025 |
Publication Date |
2020-02-29 |
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ISSN |
0378-3774 |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
6.7 |
Times cited |
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Notes |
Bahir Dar University – Institutional University Cooperation; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 6.7; 2020 IF: 2.848 |
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Call Number |
ENM @ enm @c:irua:167592 |
Serial |
6353 |
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