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Author  |
De wael, A. |
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Title |
Model-based quantitative scanning transmission electron microscopy for measuring dynamic structural changes at the atomic scale |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
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Year |
2021 |
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xiv, 146 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Nanomaterialen kunnen uiterst interessante eigenschappen vertonen voor een verscheidenheid aan veelbelovende toepassingen, gaande van zonnecrème tot batterijen voor elektrische auto’s. Een nanometer is een miljard keer kleiner dan een meter. Op deze schaal kunnen de materiaaleigenschappen volledig verschillen van bulkmaterialen op grotere schaal. Bovendien hangen de eigenschappen van nanomaterialen sterk af van hun exacte grootte en vorm. Kleine verschillen in de posities van de atomen, in de grootte-orde van een picometer (nog eens duizend maal kleiner dan een nanometer), kunnen de fysische eigenschappen al drastisch beïnvloeden. Daarom is een betrouwbare kwantificering van de atomaire structuur van kritisch belang om de evolutie naar materiaalontwerp mogelijk te maken en inzicht te verwerven in de relatie tussen de fysische eigenschappen en de structuur van nanomaterialen. Daarnaast kan de atomaire structuur van nanomaterialen ook veranderen in de loop van de tijd ten gevolge van verschillende fysische processen. Het onderzoek dat in deze thesis gepresenteerd wordt, maakt het mogelijk om de dynamische structuurveranderingen van nanomaterialen betrouwbaar te kwantificeren op atomaire schaal door gebruik te maken van raster transmissie elektronenmicroscopie (STEM). Ik heb dit gerealiseerd door methodes te ontwikkelen waarmee ik het aantal atomen “achter elkaar” kan tellen in elke atoomkolom van een nanomateriaal, en dit op basis van beelden opgenomen met een elektronenmicroscoop. Een belangrijk verschil met telmethodes voor de analyse van een enkel beeld is het schatten van de kans dat een atoomkolom atomen zal verliezen of bijkrijgen van het ene naar het andere beeld in de tijdreeks. Deze kwantitatieve methode kan het ontrafelen van de tijdsafhankelijke structuur-eigenschappen relatie van een nanomateriaal mogelijk maken, wat uiteindelijk kan leiden tot efficiënter design en productie van nanomaterialen voor innovatieve toepassingen. |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:179514 |
Serial |
6870 |
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Author |
De Wael, K.; Nagels, L.; Van Camp, G. |
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Title |
Potentiometric sensors and method for measuring intermolecular interactions |
Type |
Patent |
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Year |
2013 |
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Patent; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:111264 |
Serial |
5779 |
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Author |
De Weerdt, L. |
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Title |
An inquiry into the market acceptance of circular plastics |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
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Year |
2021 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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xii, 154 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering Management (ENM) |
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Abstract |
Closing material loops and reducing resource extraction is considered to be the foundation of the circular economy that delivers environmental gains. Today, certain materials with large environmental impacts, such as plastics, are placed high on the circularity agenda. In this thesis, the market acceptance of circular plastics is analyzed. Firstly, the current – mostly linear – market for plastics in the European Union is analyzed. We find that market failure and uncertainties lead to postponed and scaled down private investments in recycling facilities for plastics. As a consequence, we conclude the failing and uncertain market needs government intervention. Secondly, potential government interventions that alleviate the market failure and reduce the present uncertainties are analyzed. Government intervention can be either incentive-based or regulatory-based. The Flemish government already acts as an incentivizer. For more than two decades already, a tax is levied on the incineration of plastic waste. We find that this tax reduces industrial plastic waste generation, but fails to elicit investments in recycling facilities. Regulatory-based policies are expected to gain in importance in the pursuit of a circular economy. Indeed, in the European Commission’s latest circularity action plan, a policy to mandate the use of recycled plastics is signaled. Mandating the use of recycled plastics can enable the circularity of plastics effectively. However, it would also generate a shock wave on the market, especially because, i.a. the implementation time of such a policy is uncertain. We investigate how firms can invest optimally in the use of recycled plastics under the presence of policy uncertainty. We conclude that the European market will be able to successfully adopt circular plastics. However, stimulating policies, both incentive-based and regulatory-based, turn out to be essential in this adoption process. Therefore, there will be a need for a combination of policies in order to prevent the incessant mass single-use consumption of plastics, which harms the environment. |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:178913 |
Serial |
6930 |
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Author |
de Witte, H.; Conard, T.; Sporken, R.; Gouttebaron, R.; Magnee, R.; Vandervorst, W.; Caudano, R.; Gijbels, R. |
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Title |
XPS study of ion induced oxidation of silicon with and without oxygen flooding |
Type |
P3 Proceeding |
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Year |
2000 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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73-76 |
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P3 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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Elsevier |
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Amsterdam |
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0000-00-00 |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:34079 |
Serial |
3927 |
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Author |
de Witte, H.; Conard, T.; Vandervorst, W.; Gijbels, R. |
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Title |
Study of oxynitrides with dual beam TOF-SIMS |
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P3 Proceeding |
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Year |
2000 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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611-614 |
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P3 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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Elsevier |
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Amsterdam |
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0000-00-00 |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:34082 |
Serial |
3330 |
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Author |
de Witte, H.; de Gendt, S.; Douglas, M.; Conard, T.; Kenis, K.; Mertens, P.W.; Vandervorst, W.; Gijbels, R. |
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Title |
Capabilities of TOF-SIMS to study the influence of different oxidation conditions on metal contamination redistribution |
Type |
H1 Book chapter |
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Year |
1999 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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147-159 |
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H1 Book chapter; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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s.n. |
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Leuven |
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000082287600013 |
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0000-00-00 |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:28333 |
Serial |
275 |
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Author |
de Witte, H.; Vandervorst, W.; Gijbels, R. |
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Title |
Modeling of bombardment induced oxidation of silicon with and without oxygen flooding |
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P3 Proceeding |
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1998 |
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327-330 |
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P3 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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Wiley |
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Chichester |
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0000-00-00 |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:20470 |
Serial |
2120 |
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Author |
Dekov, V.M.; Subramanian, V.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Title |
Chemical composition of suspended matter and sediments from the Indian sub-continent: a fifteen-year research survey |
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H3 Book chapter |
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1998 |
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81-92
T2 - Recent trends in environmental biogeoch |
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H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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no |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:22778 |
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7659 |
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Delalieux, F.; Sweevers, H.; Van Grieken, R. |
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Title |
Weathering mechanism of Pentelic marble under ambient atmospheric conditions derived from runoff studies |
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P3 Proceeding |
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1997 |
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P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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no |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:18791 |
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8751 |
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Author |
Delalieux, F.; Van Grieken, R.; Moropoulou, A. |
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Title |
Salt weathering research: present state and future directions |
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P3 Proceeding |
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2003 |
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P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:42732 |
Serial |
8490 |
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Author |
Delville, R.; James, R.D.; Salman, U.; Finel, A.; Schryvers, D. |
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Title |
Transmission electron microscopy study of low-hysteresis shape memory alloys |
Type |
P1 Proceeding |
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2009 |
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02005,1-02005,7 |
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P1 Proceeding; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Recent findings have linked low hysteresis in shape memory alloys with phase compatibility between austenite and martensite. In order to investigate the evolution of microstructure as the phase compatibility increases and the hysteresis is reduced, transmission electron microscopy was used to study the alloy system Ti50Ni50-xPdx where the composition is systemically tuned to approach perfect compatibility. Changes in morphology, twinning density and twinning modes are reported along with special microstructures occurring when the compatibility is achieved. In addition, the interface between austenite and a single variant of martensite was studied by high-resolution and conventional electron microscopy. The atomically sharp, defect free, low energy configuration of the interface suggests that it plays an important role in the lowering of hysteresis. Finally, dynamical modeling of the martensitic transformation using the phase-field micro-elasticity model within the geometrically linear theory succeeded in reproducing the change in microstructure as the compatibility condition is satisfied. Latest results on the extension of these findings in other Ni-Ti based ternary/quaternary systems are also reported. |
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Edp |
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Coutaboeuf |
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000274582300009 |
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2009-08-31 |
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3 |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:81951 |
Serial |
3716 |
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Author |
Denecke, M.A.; Janssens, K.; Brendebach, B.; Falkenberg, G.; de Nolf, W.; Römer, J. |
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Confocal μ-XRF and μ-XAFS studies of fractured granite following a radiotracer migration experiment |
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2007 |
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H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:64600 |
Serial |
5550 |
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Denecke, M.A.; Janssens, K.; Brendebach, B.; Falkenberg, G.; Römer, J.; Simon, R.; Vekemans, B. |
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Confocal μ-XRF and μ-XAFS studies on fractured granite following a radiotracer migration experiment |
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P3 Proceeding |
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2007 |
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P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:64602 |
Serial |
5551 |
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Author |
Derks, K. |
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Title |
Scanning Michael Sweerts and Michaelina Wautier : uncovering the working methods of 17th-century Brussels artists by means of MA-XRF examination |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2023 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
634 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Art; Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES); Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS) |
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Abstract |
This dissertation focuses on the materials and techniques used by the Brussels artists Michael Sweerts (1618-1664) and Michaelina Wautier (1614-1689). It tries to answer the following research questions: 1.Did 17th-century Brussels-based artists use idiosyncratic painting materials and techniques, and can their work be distinguished from paintings created in other artistic centers based on these materials and techniques? 2.How did Sweerts and Wautier influence each other’s work? In order to answer the research questions, a selection of relevant and representative paintings from Sweerts’ and Wautier’s oeuvre has been studied with MA-XRF scanning and microscopic examination. The results are discussed in volume 2 of this dissertation, and form the basis upon which the chapters in volume 1 are built. MA-XRF scanning is a non-destructive imaging technique based on the technique of X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The technique allows for the collection of elemental information about the materials present in a work of art. The work presented in this dissertation has shed more light on the working methods of Sweerts and Wautier. It has shown they both showed an openness and willingness to continue learning and developing as an artist. Wautier did not feel constrained to work only in one genre and apparently carried on developing her skills throughout her career, as evidenced by Flower Garland with Butterfly. She might have trained with a specialized artist to master their idiosyncratic working methods and this diverse genre. This suggests that Wautier had an interest in art education. Sweerts too had a passion for art education: he was involved in the drawing academy of Camillo Pamphilj in Rome, and later established his own academy for life drawing in Brussels. Sweerts’ work clearly shows the influence of his Italian contemporaries. Whilst living in Rome, he adapted his working methods to local customs such as working on brightly colored grounds. Wautier’s oeuvre shows that she was open to explore different genres and that she took inspiration from her contemporaries, including Theodoor van Loon and Daniël Seghers. In doing so, she furthered the development of different genres as she added original elements to her compositions. It is the conclusion of this dissertation that Michaelina Wautier can thus be considered one of the innovative artists of mid-17th-century Flemish painting, who inspired other artists in the Low Countries, including Michael Sweerts. |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:197182 |
Serial |
8927 |
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Author |
Derks, K.; Youchaeva, M.; Van der Snickt, G.; Van der Stighelen, K.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
Reconstructing Sweerts : practical insights into the historical dark halo technique based on paint reconstructions |
Type |
P1 Proceeding |
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Year |
2024 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
259-271
T2 - Alla maniera : technical art history |
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Keywords |
P1 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Art; Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES); Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS) |
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978-90-429-5216-4 |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:203062 |
Serial |
9082 |
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Derzsi, A.; Donko, Z.; Bogaerts, A.; Hoffmann, V. |
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The influence of the secondary electron emission coefficient and effect of the gas heating on the calculated electrical characteristics of a grimm type glow discharge cell |
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P1 Proceeding |
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2008 |
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285-288 |
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P1 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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Abstract |
Electron emission properties of cathode surfaces affect considerably the electrical characteristics of glow discharges. Using a heavy-particle hybrid model ill 2 dimensions, we investigate the influence of the secondary electron emission coefficient gamma oil the calculated discharge characteristics for both 'clean' and 'dirty' cathode surface conditions, and assuming a constant gamma parameter as well. The effect of the gas heating and the role of the heavy particles reflected from the cathode on this process is also studied. |
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Astronomical Observatory |
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Belgrade |
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0000-00-00 |
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2008 |
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84 |
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978-86-80019-27-7; 0373-3742 |
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UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:95705 |
Serial |
1650 |
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Author |
Devreese, J.T.; Shi, J.M.; Peeters, F.M. |
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Title |
Magneto-polaron effect on shallow donors in 3D en Q2S systems |
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H3 Book chapter |
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1993 |
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173-184 |
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H3 Book chapter; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Theory of quantum systems and complex systems |
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Kluwer |
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Dordrecht |
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0000-00-00 |
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no |
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UA @ lucian @ c:irua:20360 |
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1908 |
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Devreese, J.T.; Verbist, G.; Peeters, F.M. |
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Title |
Large bipolarons and high-Tc materials |
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H3 Book chapter |
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1995 |
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385-391 |
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H3 Book chapter; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Theory of quantum systems and complex systems |
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Cambridge University Press |
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Cambridge |
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0000-00-00 |
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no |
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UA @ lucian @ c:irua:11700 |
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1778 |
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Dik, J.; Janssens, K.; van der Snickt, G.; Wallert, A.; Rickers, K.; Falkenberg, G. |
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Title |
High-E scanning m-XRF experiment on test paintings |
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H3 Book chapter |
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2008 |
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1589-1590 |
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H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:74469 |
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5638 |
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Author |
Dingenen, F. |
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Title |
Solar-driven H2 production from seawater using stabilized plasmon-enhanced photocatalysts |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2023 |
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XXXVIII, 210 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology |
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Abstract |
As natural gas prices proved to be very volatile, sustainable alternatives are highly needed. Water-derived H2 was revealed as a promising substitute, allowing to produce a green energy carrier with a minimum of harmful emissions. Direct splitting of earth-abundant seawater provides an eco-friendly route for the production of clean H2, but is hampered by selectivity and stability issues due to the presence of salts.Photocatalytic seawater splitting is particularly promising for this purpose, as it seems less affected by adversary seawater effects and might rely on free and renewable solar power. Unfortunately, the benchmark photocatalyst, TiO2, still suffers from its low solar light activity. It is only actived upon illumination with energetic ultraviolet light (<5% of the sunlight). In order to broaden the activity window to the visible light, the concept of the 'plasmonic rainbow' was explored. Here, TiO2 is modified with various gold-silver composites that possess the unique optical phenomenon of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). This phenomenon enables the absorption of light at very specific wavelengths, depending on the metal type, size, shape and dielectric environment. The light energy might then be converted into hot carriers, strong local electromagnetic fields and/or heat. By combining multiple composites with various sizes and compositions, a broadband absorption could be obtained, resulting in significantly enhanced activity in photocatalytic model reactions under simulated sunlight. The major disadvantage of these plasmonic nanoparticles is their tendency to oxidize and deactivate. To overcome this, polymer shell stabilization strategies were found to be effective to protect the metal cores. Both conductive and non-conductive polymers were studied. For the former, a mix-and-wait strategy generating polyaniline shells of 2-5 nm was used, whille the latter was based on a Layer-by-Layer approach, allowing (sub) nanometer thickness control. For the actual H2 production experiments, the plasmonic loading was optimized in a pure water:methanol scavenger (7:1) mixture and initially the stabilization strategies proofed to be effective for simulated seawater (0.5M NaCl), even after 2 years. However, in real seawater, the activity decreased drastically due to aggregation of the photocatalyst in the presence of multivalent cations. Finally, facile immobilization strategies using 3D printing showed to be able to yield stable, solar active photocatalyst for real seawater splitting. |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:203196 |
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9094 |
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Author |
Dixit, H. |
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Title |
First-principles electronic structure calculations of transparent conducting oxide materials |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2012 |
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Doctoral thesis; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) |
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Antwerpen |
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0000-00-00 |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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UA @ lucian @ c:irua:99490 |
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1209 |
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Domingos, J.L.C. |
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Study of colloidal systems of anisotropic magnetic particles |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2018 |
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114 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:152284 |
Serial |
5232 |
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Author |
Dong, H.M.; Qin, H.; Zhang, J.; Peeters, F.M.; Xu, W. |
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Title |
Terahertz absorption window in bilayer graphene |
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H1 Book chapter |
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2009 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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247-248 |
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H1 Book chapter; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) |
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Abstract |
We present a detailed theoretical study of terahertz (THz) optical absorption in bilayer graphene. Considering an air/graphene/dielectric-wafer system, we find that there is an absorption window in the range 3 similar to 30 THz. Such an absorption window is induced by different transition energies required for inter- and intra-band optical absorption in the presence of the Pauli blockade effect. As a result, the position and width of this THz absorption window depend sensitively on temperature and carrier density of the system. These results are pertinent to the applications of recently developed graphene systems as novel optoelectronic devices such as THz photo-detectors. |
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Ieee |
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New York, N.Y. |
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0000-00-00 |
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978-1-4244-5416-7 |
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UA library record; WoS full record; |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:99225 |
Serial |
3506 |
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Author |
Drăgan, A.-M. |
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Investigation of the electrochemical behaviour of illicit substances and their redox pathways in the development of nanomaterial-modified platforms for decentralized analysis |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2023 |
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169 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Pharmacology. Therapy; Engineering sciences. Technology; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab) |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:199086 |
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8892 |
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Author |
Du, K. |
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In situ TEM study on the manipulation of ferroelectrics |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2021 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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91 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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The strong correlated oxide systems attract a lot of attentions of scientists recently, the coexistence and interplay between various degrees of freedom, such as charge, spin and orbital, has been demonstrated to induce some fancy physical properties and phenomenon, including metal-insulator transition, high temperature superconductivity, colossal magnetoresistance. As a part of the strong correlated oxide systems, the ferroelectrics is abundant in both physical properties and application. First, if the electric dipole continuously rotating around a stable core then a topological structure is produced. If people could manipulate the topological structure and simultaneously observe the structure evolution, with external field applied on the topological structure, then it is very likely for such kind of ferroelectrics to be the next generation of storage, for it is reported to need low power input and produce high density of storage. In the other hand, in solids, charge polarity can one-to-one correspond to spin polarity phenomenologically, such as ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism, antiferroelectricity and antiferromagnetism, but ferrielectricity and ferrimagnetism kept telling a disparate story in microscopic level. The claimed “ferrielectrics” in existing research is equivalent to ferroelectric ones, thus the findings of such a real irreducible solids would complete the last piece of the ferroelectrics family. While solving the above two questions remain challengeable: the size of topological structure is small (typically below 10 nm), general characterization methods are insufficient for such high demand on space resolution, not to mention manipulating and observing its dynamic behavior at an atomic level. Here, employing the spherical aberration corrected electron microscope, we applied external field (heating and bias) on ferroelectrics. Combined with high-end characterization methods including the high-angle annular dark field (HAADF-STEM) image, Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) and integrated differential phase contrast (iDPC), the dynamic evolution of ferroelectrics are observed and analyzed. The main findings of this paper could be concluded as listed here: (1) PbTiO3(001)// SrTiO3(001) is grown on DyScO3 and SrRuO3 by pusled laser deposition, the atomical EDS mapping results reveal that the interface between PTO and STO is atomically sharp. Increasing the thickness of PTO from 1 uc to 21 uc, the topological structure wihtin PTO layer would transform from a/c domain to wave, vortex and finally flux closure domain. The geometric phase analysis results (GPA) reveal that above topological structures are corresponding to various strain. (2) Combined with in-situ biasing holder, the electric bias was applied on polar vortex, and it evolved from vortex (0 V) to polar wave (2 V) and finally polar down (5 V). EELS analysis was performed and we find that negative charge is gathered at vortex core, which turns the Ti4+ to Ti3+ there. The oxygen vacancy at negative polarization surface and the negative charge at the positive polarization surface realized the polarization screening of polar down domain. (3) Through the atomic inspection and analysis on lattice structure of BaFe2Se3, the near ladders within single unit are found to be different in degree of tetramerization, thus leading to a residual polarization along the a-axis. The further in-situ heating and biasing experiment was conducted on BaFe2Se3, and the strong and weak ladders are proved to be independent for their behavior under external field. This findings distinguishes ferrielectrics from ferroelectrics in solids. |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:179310 |
Serial |
6842 |
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Author |
Eckert, M. |
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Title |
Combined molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations for the deposition of (ultra)nanocrystalline diamond |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
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2010 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Doctoral thesis; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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Antwerpen |
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0000-00-00 |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:89812 |
Serial |
401 |
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Author |
Egoavil, R. |
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Title |
STEM investigation of complex oxides at the atomic scale |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
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Year |
2014 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Doctoral thesis; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Antwerpen |
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Wos |
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0000-00-00 |
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UA library record |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:123302 |
Serial |
3160 |
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Author |
Einhäupl, P. |
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Title |
Landfill mining : implementing the missing link to a circular economy: an evaluation of the societal sustainability |
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Doctoral thesis |
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Year |
2021 |
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xxiii, 216 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Economics; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM) |
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Abstract |
One of the main objectives of implementing a circular economy system is the reuse and recycling of resources. Closing material cycles and renewable-based electricity and fuel production are essential to such systems. To achieve a high degree of circularity, waste streams have to be rethought and integrated from a cradle-to-grave to a cradle-to-cradle approach. However, today’s circular economy strategies mostly focus on current waste streams, while past waste streams, buried in landfills, could play an important role when recovering resources and energy. Hence, a well-thought-out circular economy strategy should include the re-integration of past waste streams. A grave-to-cradle approach is needed. Landfill mining (LFM), i.e. the excavation and processing of formerly buried waste to energy and materials, aims at utilizing these past waste streams. Doing so could bear potential economic, environmental, and societal burdens and benefits. Originating from landfill remediation projects, landfill mining has been further developed towards resource recovery. Today, using up-to-date technologies and following the most stringent environmental and social criteria, the concept is also known as enhanced landfill mining (ELFM). Throughout the relevant scientific literature, most attention is given to advances in technological development for (E)LFM, as well as its techno-economic and environmental assessment. Societal assessments of LFM projects are rare and treat societal impacts only selectively or from unilateral societal perspectives. If stakeholders are included in societal (E)LFM assessments, only industrial actors, like landfill operators, and governmental actors are asked to participate. A holistic stakeholder assessment for (E)LFM is missing. Moreover, the diverse societal impacts – ranging from socio-environmental benefits through the mitigation of health risks, over socio-economic benefits through land reclamation, and social benefits through community engagement, for example – are either only studied selectively or evaluated as one, entangling various societal effects. A holistic and specific assessment of societal factors affecting (E)LFM implementation is also missing. This thesis uses an anticipatory approach to tackle these challenges. This approach aims to integrate stakeholder values and include uncertainty through the use of multiple social perspectives and prospective modeling tools. In-depth interviews were conducted to develop a typology of (E)LFM stakeholders and to elicit the most important stakeholder needs. Stakeholders were selected along an extended quadruple helix framework, including industrial, institutional, scientific, and community actors. Furthermore, using system dynamics tools, namely causal loop diagrams, societal systems of (E)LFM could be visualized and analyzed. Finally, a discrete choice experiment was conducted to evaluate a set of societal factors representing the conversion of a landfill into a public park for recreational use. The in-depth interviews included landfill operators, technology providers and incubators, local governments and governmental institutions, as well as researchers and community members. To structure the diverse perspectives of stakeholders on (E)LFM, five stakeholder archetypes were developed: The Entrepreneur, the Engaged Citizen, the Visionary, the Technology Enthusiast, and the Skeptic. The archetypes capture important characteristics and opinions approaching (E)LFM implementation. They differ in risk perceptions, knowledge base, influence on (E)LFM’s systemic and project implementation, and their main concerns and motivations. Furthermore, 18 stakeholder needs were derived from the interviews. This includes societal, environmental, regulatory, and techno-economic needs. The needs are put in relation to the affected stakeholders and sustainability dimensions. Uncertainties that could potentially be reduced through the fulfillment of each need are qualitatively assessed. Quantitatively, stakeholders were focusing on societal, regulatory, and techno-economic needs, whereas qualitative emphasis was given to environmental needs, especially the avoidance of impacts from primary resource production. When meeting stakeholder needs fairly, intra- and inter-dimensional trade-offs have to be considered as different perspectives can lead to different and sometimes contradicting implications for (E)LFM implementation. To conceptualize societal systems of (E)LFM, causal loop diagrams were developed following system dynamics methodology. The visualizations show how (E)LFM is embedded in its societal context. Variables comprising the societal impact were analyzed, and mechanisms affecting the public project acceptance and the market acceptance of (E)LFM products worked out. Leverage points were identified, helping (E)LFM practitioners and policymakers to minimize potential risks and maximize potential benefits. To these count technological choices, stakeholder involvement, the after-use, quality standards, and LFM regulation in general, amongst others. To disentangle and evaluate societal impacts of (E)LFM, a discrete choice experiment was conducted deriving the utility of five distinct attributes: the size of a landfill, the project duration, job creation, disamenities, and climate impacts. To determine the willingness to pay, perform scenario analysis, and model policy simulations, a sixth attribute was added representing a cost factor for project implementation. Environmental considerations are most important to the sample, while project duration and disamenities also play a significant role. The scenario analysis and policy simulations show that taxing households for (E)LFM implementation is a viable option, especially for environmentally beneficial projects. Nonetheless, a favorable combination of the remaining attributes can compensate utility losses for environmentally questionable projects. As risks of classical landfill management practices are likely to grow with an updated evaluation of after-care periods lasting up to 100 years and more, positive effects of (E)LFM become even more noteworthy. Nonetheless, (E)LFM projects also pose potential risks like groundwater contamination or the reintroduction of hazardous materials. If executed poorly, (E)LFM projects could potentially do more harm than good. A mix of policy measures is recommended to push a major part of potential (E)LFM projects from being environmentally beneficial and economically inefficient to being societally, environmentally, and economically favorable. Overall, more research is necessary to integrate (E)LFM into circular economy strategies and build a sensible grave-to-cradle approach. |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:181007 |
Serial |
6935 |
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Author |
Einhäupl, P.; Krook, J.; Svensson, N.; Van Acker, K.; Van Passel, S. |
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Title |
Enhanced landfill mining at the REMO site : assessing stakeholders' perspectives for implementation |
Type |
P3 Proceeding |
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Year |
2018 |
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P3 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM) |
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Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Enhanced Landfill Mining, February 5-6, 2018, Mechelen, Belgium / Jones, Peter Tom [edit.]; Machiels, Lieven [edit.] |
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978-90-828259-0-9 |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:161512 |
Serial |
6194 |
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Author |
Eliaerts, J. |
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Title |
Qualitative and quantitative determination of cocaine using mid-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2020 |
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184 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Law; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Notes |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:169398 |
Serial |
6589 |
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