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“Towards developing a screening strategy for ecstasy : revealing the electrochemical profile”. Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam S, Van Echelpoel R, Boeye G, Eliaerts J, Samanipour M, Ching HYV, Florea A, Van Doorslaer S, Van Durme F, Samyn N, Parrilla M, De Wael K, Chemelectrochem 8, 4826 (2021). http://doi.org/10.1002/CELC.202101198
Abstract: This article describes the development of an electrochemical screening strategy for 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), the regular psychoactive compound in ecstasy (XTC) pills. We have investigated the specific electrochemical profile of MDMA and its electro-oxidation mechanisms at disposable graphite screen-printed electrodes. We have proved that the formation of a radical cation and subsequent reactions are indeed responsible for the electrode surface passivation, as evidenced by using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and electrochemistry. Thereafter, pure cutting agents and MDMA as well as simulated binary mixtures of compounds with MDMA were subjected to square wave voltammetry at pH 7 to understand the characteristic electrochemical profile. An additional measurement at pH 12 was able to resolve false positives and negatives occurring at pH 7. Finally, validation of the screening strategy was done by measuring a set of ecstasy street samples. Overall, our proposed electrochemical screening strategy has been demonstrated for the rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of MDMA, resolving most of the false positives and negatives given by the traditional Marquis color tests, thus exhibiting remarkable promises for the on-site screening of MDMA.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Organic synthesis (ORSY); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT); Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
Impact Factor: 4.136
DOI: 10.1002/CELC.202101198
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“An N-myristoylated globin with a redox-sensing function that regulates the defecation cycle in Caenorhabditis elegans”. Tilleman L, De Henau S, Pauwels M, Nagy N, Pintelon I, Braeckman BP, De Wael K, Van Doorslaer S, Adriaensen D, Timmermans J-P, Moens L, Dewilde S, PLoS ONE 7, e48768 (2012). http://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0048768
Abstract: Globins occur in all kingdoms of life where they fulfill a wide variety of functions. In the past they used to be primarily characterized as oxygen transport/storage proteins, but since the discovery of new members of the globin family like neuroglobin and cytoglobin, more diverse and complex functions have been assigned to this heterogeneous family. Here we propose a function for a membrane-bound globin of C. elegans, GLB-26. This globin was predicted to be myristoylated at its N-terminus, a post-translational modification only recently described in the globin family. In vivo, this globin is found in the membrane of the head mesodermal cell and in the tail stomato-intestinal and anal depressor muscle cells. Since GLB-26 is almost directly oxidized when exposed to oxygen, we postulate a possible function as electron transfer protein. Phenotypical studies show that GLB-26 takes part in regulating the length of the defecation cycle in C. elegans under oxidative stress conditions.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 2.806
Times cited: 6
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0048768
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“Nutrient accumulation in leaves of Fe-deficient cucumber plants treated with natural Fe complexes”. Tomasi N, Mimmo T, Terzano R, Alfeld M, Janssens K, Zanin L, Pinton R, Varanini Z, Cesco S, Biology and fertility of soils 50, 973 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1007/S00374-014-0919-6
Abstract: Plants mainly rely on a mixture of Fe complexes with different organic ligands, like carboxylates and soluble fractions of water-extractable humic substances (WEHSs), to sustain the supply of this micronutrient. It has been demonstrated that the Fe-WEHS complex is more efficiently acquired by plant roots as it enhances functionality of the mechanisms involved in Fe acquisition at the root and leaf levels, allowing a faster recovery of the Fe-deficiency symptoms. The aim of this work is to verify whether this recovery involves also the allocation and accumulation of nutrients other than Fe to and within the leaf tissues. Iron-deficient plants treated with Fe-WEHS recovered more quickly the functionality both to uptake nitrate at the root level and to fixate CO2 in the leaves than those supplied with Fe-citrate. Concomitantly, Fe-WEHS-treated plants also accumulated other cationic nutrients faster and at a higher extent. Synchrotron 2D-scanning μ-X-ray fluorescence analyses of the leaves revealed that the recovery promotes a change in the allocation of these nutrients from the vascular system (K, Cu, and Zn) or trichomes (Ca and Mn) to the entire leaf blade. Fe-WEHS treatment efficiently promotes the recovery from Fe-deficiency-induced chlorosis with an enhanced allocation of other nutrients into the leaves and promoting their distribution into the entire leaf blade.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 3.683
Times cited: 25
DOI: 10.1007/S00374-014-0919-6
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“Chemical relations between atmospheric aerosols, deposition and stone decay layers on historic buildings at the Mediterranean coast”. Torfs K, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 31, 2179 (1997)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Effects of marine spray and air pollution on monuments in the Mediterranean coastal environment”. Torfs K, Van Grieken R page 170 (1996).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“The cathedral of Bari, Italy: evaluation of environmental effects on stone decay phenomena”. Torfs K, Van Grieken R, Zezza F, Garcia N, Macri F, Studies in conservation = Études de conservation 42, 193 (1997). http://doi.org/10.2307/1506750
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.2307/1506750
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“Use of stable isotope measurements to evaluate the origin of suphur in gypsum layers on limestone buildings”. Torfs KM, Van Grieken RE, Buzek F, Environmental science and technology 31, 2650 (1997)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Heterogeneity effects in direct XRF analysis of traces of heavy metals preconcentrated on polyurethane foam sorbents”. Török S, Braun T, Van Dyck P, Van Grieken R, X-ray spectrometry 15, 7 (1986). http://doi.org/10.1002/XRS.1300150104
Abstract: Trace amounts of heavy metals were preconcentrated on discs of polyurethane (PU) foam loaded with ammonium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC), to increase the sensitivity of XRF. Since the diameter of the cavities in the open-cell PU foams reaches 30300 μm, considerable heterogeneity effects might occur, which could reduce the accuracy of the method. The possible systematic error introduced by considering the sample to be homogeneous is calculated using the Berry et al. model. The calculations show that the underestimation of the absorption correction factor when considering the sample as being homogeneous is less than 2% for high-Z elements when the sample thickness is at least 2 mm. The detection limits are also around the minima for this thickness.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/XRS.1300150104
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“X-ray spectrometry”. Török S, Labar J, Schmeling M, Van Grieken R, Analytical chemistry 70, 495r (1998)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Single particle analysis of Hungarian background aerosol”. Török S, Sandor S, Xhoffer C, Van Grieken R, Meszaros E, Molnar A, Idojaras: quarterly journal of the Hungarian Meteorological Service 96, 223 (1992)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Source apportionment of individual aerosol particles at Hungarian background stations”. Török S, Szandor S, Xhoffer C, Van Grieken R page 32 (1993).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Heterogeneity effects in direct X-ray fluorescence analysis of hair”. Török S, Van Dyck P, Van Grieken R, X-ray spectrometry 13, 27 (1984). http://doi.org/10.1002/XRS.1300130106
Abstract: The methodology of direct hair analysis by energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence was studied. The effect on the XRF result of having a non-homogeneous radial distribution of the analyte in a single hair strand and the macroscopic effects in a bundle of hairs were calculated to evaluate possible systematic errors. The detection limits were mapped as a function of the target thickness and surface fraction. It appeared that a 10 mg cm−2 sample thickness, i. e. a target with about four layers of hair strands, is recommended. The standard deviation of this simple direct analytical method is 619% for some important elements. Discrepancies with neutron activation analysis had a mean value of around 15%. About twelve elements can be determined simultaneously on a routine basis.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/XRS.1300130106
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“X-ray spectrometry”. Török SB, Labar J, Injuk J, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry R68, 467 (1996)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“X-ray spectrometry”. Török SB, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry 64r, 180 (1992)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Label-free impedance aptasensor for major peanut allergen Ara h 1”. Trashin S, De Jong M, Breugelmans T, Pilehvar S, De Wael K, Electroanalysis 27, 32 (2015). http://doi.org/10.1002/ELAN.201400365
Abstract: The peanut allergen Ara h 1 belonging to the vicilin family of seed storage proteins is known to be a suitable marker for peanut detection in foods. In the present work, we suggest an electrochemical detection of Ara h 1 using a recently selected 80-base DNA aptamer. The detection strategy relies on insulation effect of a bulky protein captured by an immobilized aptamer. The electrodes were modified by the aptamer and characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The aptamer surface density and analytical parameters of the calibration curves for Ara h 1 were compared with the system prepared with thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) and operated in the same conditions.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)
Times cited: 10
DOI: 10.1002/ELAN.201400365
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“Electrochemical evidence for neuroglobin activity on NO at physiological concentrations”. Trashin S, De Jong M, Luyckx E, Dewilde S, De Wael K, Journal of biological chemistry 291, 18959 (2016). http://doi.org/10.1074/JBC.M116.730176
Abstract: The true function of neuroglobin (Ngb) and, particularly, human Ngb (NGB) has been under debate since its discovery 15 years ago. It has been expected to play a role in oxygen binding/supply, but a variety of other functions have been put forward, including NO dioxygenase activity. However, in vitro studies that could unravel these potential roles have been hampered by the lack of an Ngb-specific reductase. In this work, we used electrochemical measurements to investigate the role of an intermittent internal disulfide bridge in determining NO oxidation kinetics at physiological NO concentrations. The use of a polarized electrode to efficiently interconvert the ferric (Fe3+) and ferrous (Fe2+) forms of an immobilized NGB showed that the disulfide bridge both defines the kinetics of NO dioxygenase activity and regulates appearance of the free ferrous deoxy-NGB, which is the redox active form of the protein in contrast to oxy-NGB. Our studies further identified a role for the distal histidine, interacting with the hexacoordinated iron atom of the heme, in oxidation kinetics. These findings may be relevant in vivo, for example in blocking apoptosis by reduction of ferric cytochrome c, and gentle tuning of NO concentration in the tissues.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 4.125
Times cited: 11
DOI: 10.1074/JBC.M116.730176
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“Attaching redox proteins onto electrode surfaces by bis-silane”. Trashin S, De Jong M, Meynen V, Dewilde S, De Wael K, ChemElectroChem 3, 1035 (2016). http://doi.org/10.1002/CELC.201600021
Abstract: Immobilization of redox proteins on electrode surfaces is of special interest for mechanistic studies and applications because of a well-controlled redox state of protein molecules by a polarized electrode and fast electron transfer kinetics, free from diffusion limitation. Here, bis-organosilane (1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane) was applied as a fresh solution in a pH 7 phosphate buffer without use of any organic solvent, sol-gel or mesoporous bulk matrix. A short aging period of 30 minutes before deposition on the electrodes was optimal for the immobilization of proteins. Three redox proteins (cytochrome c, neuroglobin and GLB-12) were confined to the gold surface of electrodes with high coverages and stability, indicating that the suggested technique is simple, efficient and generic in nature.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 4.136
Times cited: 4
DOI: 10.1002/CELC.201600021
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“Nanobody-based immunosensor detection enhanced by photocatalytic-electrochemical redox cycling”. Trashin S, Morales-Yánez F, Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam S, Paredis L, Carrión EN, Sariego I, Muyldermans S, Polman K, Gorun SM, De Wael K, Analytical Chemistry 93, 13606 (2021). http://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.ANALCHEM.1C02876
Abstract: Detection of antigenic biomarkers present in trace amounts is of crucial importance for medical diagnosis. A parasitic disease, human toxocariasis, lacks an adequate diagnostic method despite its worldwide occurrence. The currently used serology tests may stay positive even years after a possibly unnoticed infection, whereas the direct detection of a re-infection or a still active infection remains a diagnostic challenge due to the low concentration of circulating parasitic antigens. We report a time-efficient sandwich immunosensor using small recombinant single-domain antibodies (nanobodies) derived from camelid heavy-chain antibodies specific to Toxocara canis antigens. An enhanced sensitivity to pg/mL levels is achieved by using a redox cycle consisting of a photocatalytic oxidation and electrochemical reduction steps. The photocatalytic oxidation is achieved by a photosensitizer generating singlet oxygen (1O2) that, in turn, readily reacts with p-nitrophenol enzymatically produced under alkaline conditions. The photooxidation produces benzoquinone that is electrochemically reduced to hydroquinone, generating an amperometric response. The light-driven process could be easily separated from the background, thus making amperometric detection more reliable. The proposed method for detection of the toxocariasis antigen marker shows superior performances compared to other detection schemes with the same nanobodies and outperforms by at least two orders of magnitude the assays based on regular antibodies, thus suggesting new opportunities for electrochemical immunoassays of challenging low levels of antigens.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
Impact Factor: 6.32
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.ANALCHEM.1C02876
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“Singlet oxygen-based electrosensing by molecular photosensitizers”. Trashin S, Rahemi V, Ramji K, Neven L, Gorun SM, De Wael K, Nature communications 8, 16108 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1038/NCOMMS16108
Abstract: Enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors are an inspiration for the development of (bio)analytical techniques. However, the instability and reproducibility of the reactivity of enzymes, combined with the need for chemical reagents for sensing remain challenges for the construction of useful devices. Here we present a sensing strategy inspired by the advantages of enzymes and photoelectrochemical sensing, namely the integration of aerobic photocatalysis and electrochemical analysis. The photosensitizer, a bioinspired perfluorinated Zn phthalocyanine, generates singlet-oxygen from air under visible light illumination and oxidizes analytes, yielding electrochemically-detectable products while resisting the oxidizing species it produces. Compared with enzymatic detection methods, the proposed strategy uses air instead of internally added reactive reagents, features intrinsic baseline correction via on/off light switching and shows C-F bonds-type enhanced stability. It also affords selectivity imparted by the catalytic process and nano-level detection, such as 20 nM amoxicillin in μl sample volumes.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 12.124
Times cited: 26
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS16108
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“Classification of mineral particles by nonlinear mapping of electron microprobe energy-dispersive X-ray spectra”. Treiger B, Bondarenko I, van Espen P, Van Grieken R, Adams F, The analyst 119, 971 (1994). http://doi.org/10.1039/AN9941900971
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
DOI: 10.1039/AN9941900971
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“Elucidating the composition of atmospheric aerosols through the combined hierarchical, non-hierarchical and fuzzy clustering of large electron probe microanalysis data sets”. Treiger B, Bondarenko I, van Malderen H, Van Grieken R, Analytica chimica acta 317, 33 (1995). http://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(95)00405-X
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(95)00405-X
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“Studying the composition of atmospheric aerosols through the joint application of hierarchical, non-hierarchical and fuzzy clustering to EPXMA data sets”. Treiger B, Bondarenko I, van Malderen H, Van Grieken R, (1996)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Non-linear mapping of microbeam proton-induced X-ray emission data for source identification of North Sea aerosols”. Treiger B, Injuk J, Bondarenko I, van Espen P, Van Grieken R, Breitenbach L, Wätjen U, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 49, 345 (1994). http://doi.org/10.1016/0584-8547(94)80029-4
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
DOI: 10.1016/0584-8547(94)80029-4
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“Studying aerosol samples by non-linear mapping of electron probe microanalysis data”. Treiger B, van Malderen H, Bondarenko I, van Espen P, Van Grieken R, Analytica chimica acta 284, 119 (1993). http://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(93)80014-C
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(93)80014-C
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“Rembrandt's An Old Man in Military Costume: the underlying image re-examined”. Trentelman K, Janssens K, van der Snickt G, Szafran Y, Woollett AT, Dik J, Applied physics A : materials science &, processing 121, 801 (2015). http://doi.org/10.1007/S00339-015-9426-3
Abstract: The painting An Old Man in Military Costume in the J. Paul Getty Museum, by Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn, was studied using two complementary, element-specific imaging techniques-neutron activation autoradiography (NAAR) and macro-X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) mapping-to reveal the second, hidden painting. NAAR provided a strong image of the face and cloak of the underlying figure, along with an indication of the chemical composition. The single-element distribution maps produced by MA-XRF mapping provided additional details into the shape of the underlying image and the composition of the pigments used. The underlying figure's face is richer in mercury, indicative of the pigment vermilion, than the face of the figure on the surface. Likewise, the cloak of the underlying figure is richer in copper than the surface figure though the identity of the copper-containing pigment cannot be determined from these data. The use of iron earth pigments, specifically Si-rich umbers, is indicated through the complementary information provided by the NAAR and MA-XRF maps. These data are used to create a false color digital reconstruction, yielding the most detailed representation of the underlying painting to date.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 1.455
Times cited: 22
DOI: 10.1007/S00339-015-9426-3
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“M\alpha/L\alpha intensity ratios for Ta, W, Pt, Au, Pb and Bi for electron energies in the 11-40 keV range”. Trincavelli J, Montoro S, van Espen P, Van Grieken R, X-ray spectrometry 22, 372 (1993). http://doi.org/10.1002/XRS.1300220510
Abstract: Both energy- and wavelength-dispersive systems were used to obtain Malpha/Lalpha intensity ratios for Ta, W, Pt, Au, Pb and Bi at various overvoltages. A table of these ratios corrected for matrix absorption and detector efficiency is presented, in addition to an interpolatory function of Malpha/Lalpha generated ratios vs. overvoltage, for each element. In addition, three different ZAF correction models were used to predict both detected and generated ratios. Finally, experimental Mbeta/Malpha ratios measured at different overvoltages are presented for the six elements considered.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
DOI: 10.1002/XRS.1300220510
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“Prediction of Mα/L&alpha, intensity ratios and the use in the spectra evaluation”. Trincavelli J, Montoro S, Van Grieken R, van Espen P, (1992)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
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“Analisis cuantitativo sin estandares de particulas individuales mediante microsonda de electrones”. Trincavelli JC, Van Grieken R page 273 (1996).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Tackling the problem of sensing commonly abused drugs through nanomaterials and (bio)recognition approaches”. Truta F, Florea A, Cernat A, Tertis M, Hosu O, De Wael K, Cristea C, Frontiers In Chemistry 8, 561638 (2020). http://doi.org/10.3389/FCHEM.2020.561638
Abstract: We summarize herein the literature in the last decade, involving the use of nanomaterials and various (bio)recognition elements, such as antibodies, aptamers and molecularly imprinted polymers, for the development of sensitive and selective (bio)sensors for illicit drugs with a focus on electrochemical transduction systems. The use and abuse of illicit drugs remains an increasing challenge for worldwide authorities and, therefore, it is important to have accurate methods to detect them in seized samples, biological fluids and wastewaters. They are recently classified as the latest group of “emerging pollutants,” as their consumption has increased tremendously in recent years. Nanomaterials, antibodies, aptamers and molecularly imprinted polymers have gained much attention over the last decade in the development of (bio)sensors for a myriad of applications. The applicability of these (nano)materials, functionalized or not, has significantly increased, and are therefore highly suitable for use in the detection of drugs. Lately, such functionalized nanoscale materials have assisted in the detection of illicit drugs fingerprints, providing large surface area, functional groups and unique properties that facilitate sensitive and selective sensing. The review discusses the types of commonly abused drugs and their toxicological implications, classification of functionalized nanomaterials (graphene, carbon nanotubes), their fabrication, and their application on real samples in different fields of forensic science. Biosensors for drugs of abuse from the last decade's literature are then exemplified. It also offers insights into the prospects and challenges of bringing the functionalized nanobased technology to the end user in the laboratories or in-field.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Impact Factor: 5.5
DOI: 10.3389/FCHEM.2020.561638
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“Comparison of grazing-exit particle-induced X-ray emission with other related methods”. Tsuji K, Huisman M, Spolnik Z, Wagatsuma K, Mori Y, Van Grieken RE, Vis RD, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 55, 1009 (2000). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(00)00148-8
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(00)00148-8
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