“Serum bromine levels in psoriasis”. Shani J, Barak S, Ram M, Levi D, Pfeifer Y, Schlesinger T, Avrach WW, Robberecht H, Van Grieken R, Pharmacology 25, 297 (1982). http://doi.org/10.1159/000137756
Abstract: Serum bromine levels in psoriatic Danes increased 2- to 3-fold during a 4-week bathing course in the Dead Sea. This increase correlated well with the improvement in their clinical and psychic condition. Serum bromine levels in psoriatic Danes were somewhat lower than those in healthy subjects residing in Denmark, but the difference was not significant. Israelis working in the open air in the Dead Sea area (air bromine 20-fold higher than in Jerusalem) had higher bromine levels than psoriatic or healthy Israelis residing in Jerusalem or healthy Israelis working in air-conditioned rooms in the Dead Sea area (p < 0.05), but those levels were still within the normal range. As our animal experimentation indicates that the skin is a major target organ for 82Br, applied either by bathing or as an aerosol, we conclude that the higher bromine levels noticed in the psoriatic Danes after their 4-week stay at the Dead Sea may be equally due to their contact with the bromine-containing aerosol and the high bromine level of the Dead Sea waters.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1159/000137756
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“The shielding effect of the protective glazing of historical stained glass windows from an atmospheric chemistry perspective: case study Sainte Chapelle, Paris”. Godoi RHM, Kontozova V, Van Grieken R, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 40, 1255 (2006). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2005.10.033
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2005.10.033
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“Siberian Haze: complex study of aerosols in Siberia”. Koutsenogii PK, van Malderen H, Hoornaert S, Van Grieken R, Koutsenogii KP, Boufetov N, Makarov VI, Smoljakov BS, Nemirovski AM, Osipova LP, Krjukov JA, Ivakin EA, Posukh OL, Bronstein EL, Optics of the atmosphere and ocean 9, 712 (1996)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“A simple absorption correction for electron probe X-ray microanalysis of bulk samples”. Markowicz A, Storms H, Van Grieken R, X-ray spectrometry 15, 115 (1986). http://doi.org/10.1002/XRS.1300150209
Abstract: A simple procedure is proposed for the calculation of the absorption correction factor in electron-probe x-ray microanalysis. It is based on the concept of an effective depth of x-ray production, assuming a rectangular depth distribution function for x-ray generation. This effective x-ray production depth is expressed as a fraction of the x-ray excitation depth given by Whelan's expression. Adequate values for this fraction are presented. Two versions are considered. In the first the effective x-ray production is a function of both the characteristic x-ray energy and the atomic numbers of the matrix elements, whereas in the second one, which is indicated for routine use, the energy dependence is neglected. Calculations pointed to satisfactory results, even for low x-ray energies and high overvoltages.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/XRS.1300150209
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Piñ,era Herná,ndez I (2014) Simulation of atom displacements induced by photons and electrons in solids. 137 p
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Simultaneous determination of chromium and silicon in steel by 14-mev neutron activation analysis”. Vandecasteele C, Van Grieken R, Hoste J, Analytica chimica acta 72, 31 (1974). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)82945-7
Abstract: Chromium and silicon are determined simultaneously in steel by 14-MeV neutron activation analysis. The activities of 52V(Eγ=1.43 MeV,TView the MathML source=3.76 min) from 52Cr(n,p)52V and 28Al (Eγ=1.78 MeV; TView the MathML source=2.24 min) from 28Si(n,p)28Al are evaluated by mixed γ-ray spectrometry. The influence of manganese and phosphorus, the main interfering elements, is negligible for most stainless steels. The count rate should be limited, to avoid 52V pulse pile-up effects interfering in the 28Al energy region. Precisions in the 2-10% range are reached, depending on the concentrations, for a 10-min analysis time. Results for a series of steel samples are compared with industrial analyses.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)82945-7
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“Simultaneous determination of silicon and phosphorus in cast iron by 14 MeV neutron activation analysis”. Van Grieken R, Speecke A, Hoste J, Journal of radioanalytical chemistry 6, 385 (1970). http://doi.org/10.1007/BF02513966
Abstract: A fast (10 min), non-destructive simultaneous determination of silicon and phosphorus in cast iron and steel by 14 MeV neutron activation was developed. The 1.78 MeV28Al activity (T=2.24 min) induced by the reaction28Si(n, p)28Al is counted on a NaI(Tl) detector. Two measurements are made to correct for the 1.81 MeV56Mn activity (T=2.58 hr) from the iron matrix. However,28Al is also produced via31P(n, α)28Al. By (n, 2n) reaction, phosphorus yields also30P (T=2.6 min), the 0.511 MeV annihilation radiation of which is counted by two opposite NaI(Tl) detectors in coincidence. Again, two successive coincidence measurements are carried out in order to take into account the53Fe activity (β+; T=8.9 min) from54Fe(n, 2n)53Fe. The28Al measurement is appropriately corrected via the computed phosphorus content. An oxygen flux monitor was used to normalize to the same flux. Nuclear interferences have been examined. Special attention has been paid to the presence of copper. The standard deviation for phosphorus being as high as ca. 0.09% P for a single determination, this technique can only be practical as an independent phosphorus analysis for high phosphorus cast irons. The precision on the28Al measurement is 5% relative for 0.2% Si and 2.5% above 1% Si.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/BF02513966
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“Single-particle analysis of aerosols at Cheju Island, Korea, using low-Z electron probe X-ray microanalysis: a direct proof of nitrate formation from sea salts”. Ro C-U, Oh K-Y, Kim H, Kim YP, Lee CB, Kim K-H, Kang CH, Osán J, de Hoog J, Worobiec A, Van Grieken R, Environmental science and technology 35, 4487 (2001). http://doi.org/10.1021/ES0155231
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/ES0155231
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“Single particle analysis of aerosols from Siberia”. van Malderen H, Van Grieken R, Khodzher TV, Grachev M, Bufetov NS, Koutsenogii KP, Proceedings of the Russian-Ukrainian-Austrian-German Analytical Symposium (1994)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Single particle analysis of aerosols, observed in the marine boundary layer during the Monterey Area Ship Tracks Experiment (MAST), with respect to cloud droplet formation”. de Bock LA, Joos PE, Noone KJ, Pockalny RA, Van Grieken RE, Journal of atmospheric chemistry 37, 299 (2000). http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006416600722
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1023/A:1006416600722
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“Single particle analysis of Hungarian background aerosol”. Török S, Sandor S, Xhoffer C, Van Grieken R, Meszaros E, Molnar A, Idojaras: quarterly journal of the Hungarian Meteorological Service 96, 223 (1992)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Single particle analysis of suspended matter in the Makasar Strait and Flores Sea with particular reference to tin-bearing particles”. Dekov VM, van Put A, Eisma D, Van Grieken R, Journal of sea research 41, 35 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1016/S1385-1101(98)00035-5
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S1385-1101(98)00035-5
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“Single particle analysis techniques”. de Bock LA, Van Grieken RE page 243 (1999).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Single particle and inorganic characterization of rainwater collected above the North Sea”. Jambers W, Dekov V, Van Grieken R, The science of the total environment 256, 133 (2000). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00477-0
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00477-0
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“Single particle characterisation of inorganic and organic North Sea suspension”. Jambers W, Dekov V, Van Grieken R, Marine chemistry 67, 17 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(99)00046-8
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0304-4203(99)00046-8
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“Single particle characterisation of inorganic North Sea suspensions”. Jambers W, Van Grieken R, (1996)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Single particle characterisation of inorganic suspension in Lake Baikal”. Jambers W, Van Grieken R, Environmental science and technology 31, 1525 (1997)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Single particle characterisation of the aerosol in the marine boundary layer and free troposphere over Tenerife, NE Atlantic, during ACE-2”. Hoornaert S, Godoi RHM, Van Grieken R, Journal of atmospheric chemistry 46, 271 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026383403878
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1023/A:1026383403878
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“Single-particle characterization of four “Asian Dust&rdquo, samples collected in Korea, using low-Z particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis”. Ro C-U, Hwang H, Kim HK, Chun Y, Van Grieken R, Environmental science and technology 39, 1409 (2005). http://doi.org/10.1021/ES049772B
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/ES049772B
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“Single-particle characterization of urban aerosol particles collected in three Korean cities using low-Z electron probe x-ray microanalysis”. Ro C-U, Kim H, Oh K-Y, Yea SK, Lee CB, Jang M, Van Grieken R, Environmental science and technology 36, 4770 (2002). http://doi.org/10.1021/ES025697Y
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/ES025697Y
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“Single-run ion chromatographic separation of inorganic and low-molecular-mass organic anions under isocratic elution: application to environmental samples”. Krata A, Kontozova-Deutsch V, Bencs L, Deutsch F, Van Grieken R, Talanta : the international journal of pure and applied analytical chemistry 79, 16 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.TALANTA.2009.02.044
Abstract: For the isocratic ion chromatography (IC) separation of low-molecular-mass organic acids and inorganic anions three different anion-exchange columns were studied: IonPac AS14 (9 ìm particle size), Allsep A-2 (7 ìm particle size), and IC SI-50 4E (5 ìm particle size). A complete baseline separation for all analyzed anions (i.e., F−, acetate, formate, Cl−, NO2−, Br−, NO3−, HPO42− and SO42−) in one analytical cycle of shorter than 17 min was achieved on the IC SI-50 4E column, using an eluent mixture of 3.2 mM Na2CO3 and 1.0 mM NaHCO3 with a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1. On the IonPac AS14 column, it was possible to separate acetate from inorganic anions in one run (i.e., less than 9 min), but not formate, under the following conditions: 3.5 mM Na2CO3 plus 1.0 mM NaHCO3 with a flow rate of 1.2 mL min−1. Therefore, it was necessary to adapt a second run with a 2.0 mM Na2B4O7 solution as an eluent under a flow rate of 0.8 mL min−1 for the separation of organic ions, which considerably enlarged the analysis time. For the Allsep A-2 column, using an eluent mixture of 1.2 mM Na2CO3 plus 1.5 mM NaHCO3 with a flow rate of 1.6 mL min−1, it was possible to separate almost all anions in one run within 25 min, except the fluoride-acetate critical pair. A Certified Multianion Standard Solution PRIMUS for IC was used for the validation of the analytical methods. The lowest RSDs (less than 1%) and the best LODs (0.02, 0.2, 0.16, 0.11, 0.06, 0.05, 0.04, 0.14 and 0.09 mg L−1 for F−, Ac−, For−, Cl−, NO2−, Br−, NO3−, HPO42− and SO42−, respectively) were achieved using the IC SI-50 4E column. This column was applied for the separation of concerned ions in environmental precipitation samples such as snow, hail and rainwater.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.TALANTA.2009.02.044
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“Size-differentiated composition of aerosols in Khartoum, Sudan”. Eltayeb MAH, van Espen PJ, Cafmeyer J, Van Grieken RE, Maenhaut W, The science of the total environment 120, 281 (1992). http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(92)90062-W
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(92)90062-W
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“Size distribution and chemical properties of welding fumes of inhalable particles”. Oprya M, Kiro S, Worobiec A, Horemans B, Darchuk L, Novakovic V, Ennan A, Van Grieken R, Journal of aerosol science 45, 50 (2012). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAEROSCI.2011.10.004
Abstract: The goal of the present study was to analyze the relationship between the fume formation rate, welding conditions, chemical composition of welding fume particles and their size. In the range from 0.25 to 16 μm aerodynamic diameter, three distinct types of welding fume particles were identified in the welder's breathing zone. The elemental composition of each type depended completely on the used welding materials, and reflects their mechanism of formation. Their relative abundance in the welding fume appeared to be dependent on the electrode coating, as well as the heat input during welding.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAEROSCI.2011.10.004
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“The size distribution and surface area of soot emitted by different sources”. Smekens A, Berghmans P, Van Grieken R, Journal of aerosol science 31, 706 (2000)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Skin penetration of minerals in psoriatics and guinea-pigs bathing in hypertonic salt solutions”. Shani J, Barak S, Levi D, Ram M, Schachner ER, Schlesinger T, Robberecht H, Van Grieken R, Avrach WW, Pharmacological research communications 17, 501 (1985). http://doi.org/10.1016/0031-6989(85)90123-7
Abstract: Penetration of electrolytes through the human skin was measured in healthy volunteers and in psoriatic patients after bathing in the Dead-Sea or in simulated bath-salt solutions. Significant increases in the levels of serum Br, Rb, Ca and Zn were noticed only in the psoriatic patients after daily bathing in the Dead-Sea for a 4-week regimen. Guinea-pigs bathed in simulated Dead-Sea bath-salt solutions containing radionuclides of Ca, Mg, K and Br. Traces of each radionuclide were detected in the blood and in some internal organs after 60 minutes of bathing. The radionuclides showed a physiological pattern in their organ distribution. Even though the whole investigation was carried out in hypertonic solutions, there is a definite penetration of salts through healthy (human and guinea-pigs) and damaged (psoriatic) epidermis. This finding suggests that improvement of the psoriatic condition after bathing in the Dead-Sea, may be partly attributed (in addition to ultraviolet irradiation) to the minerals' effect on the psoriatic skin.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0031-6989(85)90123-7
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“Soil analysis by thin-film energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence”. Van Grieken R, Van 't dack L, Costa Dantas C, Da Silveira Dantas H, Analytica chimica acta 108, 93 (1979). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)93044-2
Abstract: Energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence is advantageous for trace analysis of soils present as thin films. A target thickness of about 2 mg cm-2 provides a compromise between optimal sensitivity and minimal absorption effect or optimal accuracy. Sample preparation involves only suspending the finely ground soil in water and drying this suspension on a thin mylar foil glued on a ring that fits into the x.r.f. spectrometer. The effective sample weight present in the exciting beam area is computed from the scatter peaks, a method that cancels out target heterogeneity problems. High accuracy is demonstrated for many elements in reference soil and rock materials; a precision around 5% and a detection limit around 10 ppm can be achieved. As an illustration, results for 16 trace elements and preliminary interpretation are given for a series of pedologically important soil samples from Brasil.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)93044-2
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“Some new applications of auxiliary signals in X-ray fluorescence and electron microprobe analysis”. Kuczumow A, Vekemans B, Schalm O, Vincze L, Dorriné, W, Gysels K, Van Grieken R, , 197 (1999)
Keywords: P1 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Some studies of the effect of indoor and outdoor pollutants on cultural heritage items”. Van Grieken R, Kontozova V, Godoi RHM, Spolnik Z, Worobiec A, Deutsch F, Bencs L, (2005)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
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“Sorption and desorption of organophosphate esters with different hydrophobicity by soils”. Cristale J, Álvarez-Martín A, Rodriguez-Cruz S, Sanchez-Martin MJ, Lacorte S, Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, 27870 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1007/S11356-017-0360-0
Abstract: Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are ubiquitous contaminants with potentially hazardous effects on both the environment and human health. Knowledge about the soil sorption-desorption process of organic chemicals is important in order to understand their fate, mobility, and bioavailability, enabling an estimation to be made of possible risks to the environment and biota. The aim of this study was to use the batch equilibrium technique to evaluate the sorption-desorption behavior of seven OPEs (TCEP, TCPP, TBEP, TDCP, TBP, TPhP, and EHDP) in soils with distinctive characteristics (two unamended soils and a soil amended with sewage sludge). The equilibrium concentrations of the OPEs were determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS/MS). All the compounds were sorbed by the soils, and soil organic carbon (OC) played an important role in this process. The sorption of the most soluble OPEs (TCEP, TCPP, and TBEP) depended on soil OC content, although desorption was 58.1%. The less water-soluble OPEs (TDCP, TBP, TPhP, and EHDP) recorded total sorption (100% for TPhP and EHDP) or very high sorption (34.9%) by all the soils and were not desorbed, which could be explained by their highly hydrophobic nature, as indicated by the logarithmic octanol/water partition coefficient (K-ow) values higher than 3.8, resulting in a high affinity for soil OC. The results of the sorption-desorption of the OPEs by soils with different characteristics highlighted the influence of these compounds' physicochemical properties and the content and nature of soil OC in this process.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-017-0360-0
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“Source apportionment of individual aerosol particles at Hungarian background stations”. Török S, Szandor S, Xhoffer C, Van Grieken R page 32 (1993).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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