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“Composition of 15-17th century archaeological glass vessels excavated in Antwerp, Belgium”. Janssens K, de Raedt I, Vincze L, Vekemans B, Adams F, Haller M, Knöchel A, HASYLAB Jahresbericht 1997 1, 937 (1998)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Composition of facon-de-venise and Venetian glass from Antwerp and the Southern Netherlands”. de Raedt I, Janssens K, Veeckman J, Adams F page 346 (2000).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Composition of Facon de Venise glass from early 17th century London in comparison with luxury glass of the same age”. Cagno S, de Raedt I, Jeffries T, Janssens K, Proceedings of the Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers
T2 –, Conference on Integrated Approaches to the Study of Historical Glass, (IASHG), APR 16-17, 2012, Brussels, BELGIUM , 842205 (2012). http://doi.org/10.1117/12.975212
Abstract: SEM-EDX and LA-ICP-MS analyses were performed on a set of early 17th century London glass fragments. The samples originate from two archaeological sites (Aldgate and Old Broad Street) where glass workshops were active in this period. The great majority of the samples are made of soda glass. Two distinct compositional groups are observed, each typical of one site of provenance. The samples originating from the Old Broad Street excavation feature a silica-soda-lime composition, with a moderate amount of potash. The samples from Aldgate are richer in potassium and feature higher amounts of trace elements such as Rb, Zr and Cu. The distinction between the two groups stems from different flux and silica sources used for glassmaking. A comparison with different European glass compositions of that time reveals no resemblance with genuine Venetian production, yet the composition of the Old Broad Street glass shows a close similarity to that of fragments produced 'a la facon de Venise' in Antwerp at the end of the 16th century. This coincides with historical sources attesting the arrival of glassworkers from the Low Countries in England and suggests that a transfer of technology took place near the turn of the century.
Keywords: P1 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.1117/12.975212
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“Compositional distinctions between 16th century “Façon-de-Venise&rdquo, and Venetian glass vessels, excavated in Antwerp, Belgium”. Deraedt I, Janssens K, Veeckman J, Journal of analytical atomic spectroscopy 14, 483 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1039/A808385A
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1039/A808385A
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“Confocal μ-XRF and μ-XAFS studies of fractured granite following a radiotracer migration experiment”. Denecke MA, Janssens K, Brendebach B, Falkenberg G, de Nolf W, Römer J (2007).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Confocal μ-XRF and μ-XAFS studies on fractured granite following a radiotracer migration experiment”. Denecke MA, Janssens K, Brendebach B, Falkenberg G, Römer J, Simon R, Vekemans B, (2007)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Confocal micro-XRF study of element distribution of a uranium enriched tertiary sediment”. Janssens K, Denecke M, Rothe J, Simon R page 13 (2005).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Confocal mu-XRF, mu-XAFS, and mu-XRD studies of sediment from a nuclear waste disposal natural analogue site and fractured granite following a radiotracer migration experiment”. Denecke MA, Janssens K, Brendebach B, de Nolf W, Falkenberg G, Rothe J, Simon R, Somogyi A, Vekemans B, Noseck U, AIP conference proceedings 882, 187 (2007)
Abstract: Combined mu-XRF, mu-XAFS, and mu-XRD investigations of a uranium-rich tertiary sediment, from a nuclear repository natural analogue site, and a fractured granite bore core section after a column tracer experiment using a Np(V) containing cocktail have been performed. Most mu-XRF/mu-XAFS measurements are recorded in a confocal geometry to provide added depth information. The U-rich sediment results show uranium to be present as a tetravalent phosphate and that U(IV) is associated with As(V). Arsenic present is either As(V) or As(0). The As(0) form thin coatings on the surface of pyrite nodules. A hypothesis for the mechanism of uranium immobilization is proposed, where arsenopyrite acted as reductant of ground water dissolved U(VI) leading to precipitation of less soluble U(IV) and thereby forming As(V). Results for the granite sample show the immobilized Np to be tetravalent and associated with facture material.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“The consolidation of cracks and fissures in dalle de verre : assessment of selected adhesives”. De Vis K, Caen J, Janssens K, Jacobs P page 43 (2013).
Abstract: Dalle de verre windows, created from 19301940 onwards, consist of glass pieces with a thickness of approximately 2 to 5 cm, set in a matrix of (reinforced) concrete. Besides the degradation of the concrete, the windows suffer mainly from a complex three-dimensional form of cracking of the glass elements. The cracks need to be consolidated in order to ensure stability and improve transparency. A selection of possible adhesives was evaluated: Araldite® 2020, Hxtal NYL-1, Fynebond, Paraloid® B-72, LV740, A18 and OR-G®. An attempt has been made to objectively compare these adhesives using a bench-marking system. None of the adhesives appears to be suitable for in situ application; sufficient penetration of the adhesives can only be realised with the help of vacuum techniques.
Keywords: H2 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
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“The consolidation of cracks in architectural glass and dalle de verre : first assessment of possible adhesives”. De Vis K, Jacobs P, Janssens K, Caen J, (2011)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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Van Grieken R, Janssens K (2005) Cultural heritage conservation and environmental impact assessment by non-destructive testing and micro-analysis. 336 p
Keywords: ME2 Book as editor or co-editor; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Cultural heritage research in “The Micro and Trace Analysis Center&rdquo, of the University of Antwerp”. Godoi RHM, Kontozova V, Godoi AFL, Bencs L, Spolnik Z, Janssens K, Van Grieken R, Coalition 7, 11 (2004)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Dealing with architectural glasses : maintenance, monitoring and emergency treatment”. De Vis K, Janssens K, Jacobs P, Caen J, (2015)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
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De Vis K, Cagno S, Van Mol W, Schalm O, Janssens K, Caen J (2012) The decolourization of manganese-stained glass : the conversion reaction and evaluation of its effectiveness. 463–468
Keywords: P2 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Depth profiling of multilayered systems by means of confocal μ-XRF in the laboratory an at HASYLAB BL L: a comparison”. Alfeld M, Vekemans B, Janssens K, Falkenberg G, Broekaert JAC, Gao N, Gibson D (2007).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Determination of Zn distribution inside edible plants grown on a polluted soil amended with compost by XRF microtomography”. Terzano R, al Chami Z, Vekemans B, Janssens K, Miano T, Ruggiero P (2007).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Disclosing the binding medium effects and the pigment solubility in the (photo)reduction process of chrome yellows (PbCrO4/PbCr1-xSxO4)”. Monico L, Sorace L, Cotte M, de Nolf W, Janssens K, Romani A, Miliani C, ACS Omega 4, 6607 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1021/ACSOMEGA.8B03669
Abstract: The darkening due to chemical alteration of chrome yellows (PbCrO4/PbCr1-xSxO4) is a phenomenon threatening a large number of 19th-20th century paintings, including the Amsterdam Sunflowers by Vincent van Gogh. Our earlier studies have proven that the alteration is due to a Cr(VI) -> Cr(III) reduction with Cr(V)-species that are formed as long-lived intermediates and that bCr(1-x)S(x)O(4) (0 < x <= 0.8) types undergo reduction more readily than monoclinic, S-free, PbCrO4. In this context, there is still lack of knowledge about the effects of the chemical properties of the binding medium (i.e., chemical composition and drying process) and the solubility of chrome yellows on the overall reduction pathways. Here, we study a series of naturally and photochemically aged mock-up paints prepared by mixing chrome yellow powders (PbCrO4/PbCr0.2S0.8O4) with either linseed oil or a water-based acrylic emulsion as the binding medium. Equivalent paints made up of the highly soluble K2CrO4 were also investigated and used as benchmarks to provide a more in-depth understanding of the influence of the solubility on the chromate reduction pathways in the two different binders. A combination of synchrotron radiation-based Cr K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and UV-Visible spectroscopy measurements shows that: (1) the Cr(VI) reduction results from the interaction between the pigment and the binder; (2) the process is more significant in oil, giving rise to Cr(V)- and Cr(III)-species as well as oxidized organic compounds; (3) the lightfastness of the chrome yellow pigment is enhanced in the acrylic binder; and (4) the tendency toward chromium reduction increases with increasing solubility of the pigment. Based on our findings, we propose a scheme for the mechanism of the (photo)reduction process of chrome yellows in the oil and acrylic binder. Overall, our results provide new insights into the factors driving the degradation of lead chromate-based paints in artworks and contribute to the development of strategies for preserving them over time.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Times cited: 4
DOI: 10.1021/ACSOMEGA.8B03669
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“Echt of namaak? Venetiaans glas uit het oude Antwerpen”. de Raedt I, Janssens K, Veeckman J, De wetenschappelijke bibliotheek 67, 58 (1999)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Editorial”. Janssens K, (2003)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Estimation of relative Fe2+ and Fe3+ contents of original manuscript fragments by means of μ-XANES and Mössbauer spectrometry”. Janssens K, Vekemans B, Rouchon-Quillet V (2005).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Evaluation and calibration of micro-XRF data”. Janssens K, Vincze L, Vekemans B page 155 (2000).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Evaluation of a Monte Carlo simulation for EDXRF spectrometers at beamline BW5, HASYLAB”. Vincze L, Vekemans B, Janssens K, Adams F, Lippmann T, HASYLAB Jahresbericht 1997 1, 1043 (1998)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Evaluation of polycapillary lenses as focussing elements in sub-mm XRF analysis of artistic objects”. Vekemans B, Janssens K, Adams F, Andong L, He Y, Yiming Y page 278 (1998).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Evaluation of polyvinyl alcohol–borax/agarose (PVA–B/AG) blend hydrogels for removal of deteriorated consolidants from ancient Egyptian wall paintings”. Al-Emam E, Motawea AG, Janssens K, Caen J, Heritage science 7, 22 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1186/S40494-019-0264-Z
Abstract: This study concerns the assessment of a new polyvinyl alcohol–borax/agarose blend hydrogel (PVA–B/AG) tailored for the conservation of ancient Egyptian wall paintings. The increasing problems of deteriorated consolidants affecting ancient wall paintings have attracted the interest of conservation scientists in the last 20 years. The ability of a new blend for removing aged Paraloid® B-72 layers from painted stone and plaster samples has been evaluated. The hydrogel blend was used to expose the aged Paraloid in a controlled manner to six different cleaning system (CS). CS1–CS4 consist of solvents or solvent mixtures; CS5 and CS6 are nanostructured fluids (NSFs). The evaluation of the removal process was carried out by quantitative and qualitative methods, namely, visual examination, 3D microscopy, contact angle and colorimetric measurements and by Fourier transform infra-red spectrometry in reflectance mode. The results showed that the PVA–B/AG blend hydrogel, loaded with specific cleaning systems, was able to remove deteriorated B-72 and allowed to restore the painted surface to a state close to the original one. The PVA–B/AG blend showed good workability, permitting it to be easily cut, shaped, applied and removed. It could also be verified by means of different investigation methods that the blend left no detectable residues. As a final realistic check of the method, the PVA–B/AG hydrogel loaded with the best functioning cleaning system (CS3) was used to remove an aged consolidant layer from an ancient Egyptian wall painting.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
Times cited: 2
DOI: 10.1186/S40494-019-0264-Z
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“Examination of historical paintings by state-of-the-art hyperspectral imaging methods : from scanning infra-red spectroscopy to computed X-ray laminography”. Legrand S, Vanmeert F, van der Snickt G, Alfeld M, de Nolf W, Dik J, Janssens K, Heritage science 2, 13 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1186/2050-7445-2-13
Abstract: The development of advanced methods for non-destructive selective imaging of painted works of art at the macroscopic level based on radiation in the X-ray and infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum are concisely reviewed. Such methods allow to either record depth-selective, element-selective or species-selective images of entire paintings. Camera-based full field methods (that record the image data in parallel) can be discerned next to scanning methods (that build up distributions in a sequential manner by scanning a beam of radiation over the surface of an artefact). Six methods are discussed: on the one hand, macroscopic X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction imaging and X-ray laminography and on the other hand macroscopic Mid and Near Infrared hyper- and full spectral imaging and Optical Coherence Tomography. These methods can be considered to be improved versions of the well-established imaging methods employed worldwide for examination of paintings, i.e., X-ray radiography and Infrared reflectography. Possibilities and limitations of these new imaging techniques are outlined.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1186/2050-7445-2-13
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“Feasibility of (trace-level) micro-XANES at Beamline L”. Janssens K, Vincze L, Wei F, Proost K, Vekemans B, Vittiglio G, Yan Y, Falkenberg G (1999).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Fluorescent tomography of metals in fly-ash particles at beamline L”. Vincze L, Vekemans B, Janssens K, Adams F, Haller M, HASYLAB Jahresbericht 1997 1, 959 (1998)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Fluorescent tomography of phantom samples at the beamline L”. Vekemans B, Vincze L, Vittiglio G, Janssens K, Adams F, HASYLAB Jahresbericht (1999)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Future of m-XRF”. Adams F, Janssens K page 370 (2000).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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Bruijnen Y, Caen JMA, Cagno S, Janssens K, et al. (2012) Getekend Jan R. : Jan Rombouts, een renaissancemeester herontdekt. 207 p
Keywords: ME2 Book as editor or co-editor; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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