Santer R, Schadkowski C, Blanchet A, Saison J-Y, Poinsot C, Ramon D, Roekens E, Verlinden L, Van Grieken R, Stranger M, Mees J (2005) Expositions des populations vivant au cœur de l'Euro-région auz polluants atmosphériques: le cas des poussières fines = Blootstelling van de bevolkingsgroepen wonend in het hart van de Euregio aan polluerende atmosferische deeltjes: het geval van de fijne stofdeeltjes
Keywords: Minutes and reports; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Extraction of environmental information from large aerosol data sets through combined application of cluster and factor analysis”. de Bock LA, Treiger B, van der Auwera L, Van Grieken RE, Microchimica acta 128, 191 (1998). http://doi.org/10.1007/BF01243049
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/BF01243049
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“Fast analysis of decabrominated diphenyl ether using low-pressure gas chromatography.electron-capture negative ionization mass spectrometry”. Dirtu AC, Ravindra K, Roosens L, Van Grieken R, Neels H, Blust R, Covaci A, Journal of chromatography : A 1186, 295 (2008). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHROMA.2007.07.034
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Toxicological Centre
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHROMA.2007.07.034
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“Fast chromatographic determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aerosol samples from sugar cane burning”. Godoi AFL, Ravindra K, Godoi RHM, Andrade SJ, Santiago-Silva M, Van Vaeck L, Van Grieken R, Journal of chromatography: A: bibliography section 1027, 49 (2004). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHROMA.2003.10.048
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHROMA.2003.10.048
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“Fast heating induced impulse halogenation of refractory sample components in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry by direct injection of a liquid halogenating agent”. György K, Ajtony Z, van Meel K, Van Grieken R, Czitrovszky A, Bencs L, Talanta : the international journal of pure and applied analytical chemistry 85, 1253 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.TALANTA.2011.05.028
Abstract: A novel electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) method was developed for the halogenation of refractory sample components (Er, Nd and Nb) of lithium niobate (LiNbO3) and bismuth tellurite (Bi2TeO5) optical single crystals to overcome memory effects and carry-over. For this purpose, the cleaning step of a regular graphite furnace heating program was replaced with a halogenation cycle. In this cycle, after the graphite tube cooled to room temperature, a 20 μL aliquot of liquid carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was dispensed with a conventional autosampler into the graphite tube. The CCl4 was partially dried at 80 °C under the mini-flow (40 cm3 min−1) condition of the Ar internal furnace gas (IFG), then the residue was decomposed (pyrolyzed) by fast furnace heating at 19002100 °C under interrupted flow of the IFG. This step was followed by a clean-out stage at 2100 °C under the maximum flow of the IFG. The advantage of the present method is that it does not require any alteration to the graphite furnace gas supply system in contrast to most of the formerly introduced halogenation techniques. The effectiveness of the halogenation method was verified with the determination of Er and Nd dopants in the optical crystals. In these analyses, a sensitivity decrease was observed, which was likely due to the enhanced deterioration of the graphite tube surface. Therefore, the application of mathematical correction (resloping) of the calibration was also required. The calibration curves were linear up to 1.5 and 10 μmol L−1 for Er and Nd, respectively. Characteristic masses of 18 and 241 pg and the limit of detection (LOD) values of 0.017 and 0.27 μmol L−1 were found for Er and Nd, respectively. These LOD data correspond to 0.68 μmol mol−1 Er and 11 μmol mol−1 Nd in solid bismuth tellurite samples. The analytical results were compared with those obtained by a conventional ETAAS method and validated with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry analysis.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.TALANTA.2011.05.028
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“The feasibility of Fourier transform laser microprobe mass spectrometry for applications of local and surface analysis”. Struyf H, van Roy W, Van Vaeck L, Van Grieken R, Caravatti P, Proceedings of the European FTMS Workshop (1994)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Ferrihydrite precipitation in groundwater-fed river systems (Nete and Demer river basins, Belgium) : insights from a combined Fe-Zn-Sr-Nd-Pb-isotope study”. Dekov VM, Vanlierde E, Billström K, Gatto Rotondo G, van Meel K, Darchuk L, Van Grieken R, et al, Chemical geology 386, 1 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHEMGEO.2014.07.023
Abstract: Two groundwater-fed river systems (Nete and Demer, Belgium) carry red suspended material that settles on the river bed forming red sediments. The local aquifer that feeds these river systems is a glauconite-rich sand, which provides most of the dissolved Fe to the rivers. The solid component of these systems, i.e., the red suspended material and sediments, has a simple mineralogy (predominantly ferrihydrite), but shows a complex geochemistry pointing out the different processes contributing to the river chemistry: (1) the red sediments have higher transition metal (excluding Cu) and detrital element (e.g., Si, Al, K, Rb, etc.) concentrations than the red suspended matter because of their longer residence time in the river and higher contribution of the background (aquifer) component, respectively; (2) the red suspended material and sediments have inherited their rare earth element (REE) patterns from the aquifer; (3) the origin of Sr present in the red suspended matter and red sediments is predominantly marine (i.e., Quaternary calcareous rocks), but a small amount is geogenic (i.e., from detrital rocks); (4) Pb in both solids originates mostly from anthropogenic and geogenic sources; (5) all of the anthropogenic Pb in the red suspended material and sediments is hosted by the ferrihydrite; (6) Nd budget of the red riverine samples is controlled by the geogenic source and shows little anthropogenic component; (7) the significant Fe- and Zn-isotope fractionations are in line with the previous studies. Their fractionation patterns do not correlate, suggesting that the processes controlling the isotope geochemistry of Fe and Zn are different: oxidation/reduction most likely governs the Fe-isotope fractionation, whereas adsorption/desorption or admixing of anthropogenic sources controls the isotope fractionation of Zn.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMGEO.2014.07.023
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“Field evaluation of a wind tunnel-impactor system for sampling ambient aerosols”. Gysels K, Van Grieken R, Journal of aerosol science 30, 639 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-8502(98)00747-2
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0021-8502(98)00747-2
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“Fijn stof en pollutiegassen in de binnenlucht”. Van Grieken R, Stranger M, ARGUS milieumagazine 4, 18 (2006)
Keywords: A2 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Filter absorption correction for X-ray fluorescence analysis of aerosol loaded filters”. Van Grieken R, Adams F, (1976)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Fingerprinting of South African ordinary Portland cements, cement blends and mortars for identification purposes: discrimination with starplots and PCA”. Potgieter-Vermaak SS, Potgieter JH, Worobiec A, Van Grieken R, Marjanovic L, Moeketsi S, Cement and concrete research 37, 834 (2007). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.CEMCONRES.2007.02.013
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
DOI: 10.1016/J.CEMCONRES.2007.02.013
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“Fluxes and sources of heavy metal inputs into the Southern Bight of the North Sea”. Van Grieken R, Injuk J, Otten P, Rojas C, van Malderen H, Laane R page 184 (1992).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Folding of aerosol loaded filters during X-ray fluorescence analysis”. Van Grieken RE, Adams FC, X-ray spectrometry 5, 61 (1976). http://doi.org/10.1002/XRS.1300050204
Abstract: Folding aerosol loaded filters in two with the loaded side inwards during the X-ray analysis not only reduces possible filter heterogeneity effects and improves sample protection, but also increases the sensitivity and renders filter paper absorption corrections simple and more accurate in many instances. It is shown that folding an aerosol loaded Whatman filter paper during Kα X-rays counting leads to an increased sensitivity for all elements up from calcium, scandium or titanium (depending on the sensitivity definition and on the aerosol load) and for all elements up from phosphorus, sulphur or chlorine in the case of the Nuclepore filter. Although the absorption by the filter, into which the aerosol penetrates to some extent, is always more important in the sandwich than in the usual geometry, the dependence of the absorption correction on the usually unknown average deposition depth is less pronounced. Assuming all the aerosol material to be collected at the very surface of the filter and hence being present in the centre of the sandwich to be analysed, leads to an extremely simple filter paper absorption correction which is less prone to uncertainties than more sophisticated corrections in the usual geometry requiring additional measurements. This is the case for all elements up from potassium on Whatman filters and up from phosphorus on Nuclepore filters.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/XRS.1300050204
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“Fractal dimensional classification of aerosol particles by computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy”. Kindratenko VV, van Espen PJM, Treiger BA, Van Grieken RE, Environmental science and technology 28, 2197 (1994). http://doi.org/10.1021/ES00061A031
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
DOI: 10.1021/ES00061A031
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“Geen vuiltje aan de Noordzeelucht: aërosolen kennen geen grenzen”. Van Grieken R, Eyckmans K, (2001)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Geochemical assessment of a subtropical reservoir : a case study in Curitiba, Southern Brazil”. Godoi RHM, Hirata PY, Bitterncourt AVL, Godoi AFL, Potgieter-Vermaak S, Gatto Rotondo G, Van Grieken R, et al, Clean : soil, air, water 40, 364 (2012). http://doi.org/10.1002/CLEN.201000610
Abstract: Suspended particles and dissolved substances in water provide reactive surfaces, influence metabolic activity and contribute to the net sediment deposition. It therefore plays an important part in the ecology and quality of the water mass. The water quality in reservoirs is crucial and it is naturally maintained by flushing and sedimentation, which continuously remove phosphorus from the water. In some reservoirs, however, these removal processes are countered by recycling of ions which could play a key role to start and/or maintain the eutrophic state. The combination of macro-, trace- and microanalysis techniques can be useful to trace pollution sources through a chemical fingerprint, whether be during an acute environmental disaster or a long-term release of pollutants. The water quality and total metal content of reservoir sediments were assessed in a reservoir, situated in the capital of the Paraná State, in the South-Eastern part of Brazil. The goal of this paper was to determine the metal presence in the sediment and metal and ionic speciation in the Green River reservoir water. Water and bed sediment samples, collected from various sites during 2008 and 2009, were investigated using XRF, ICP-OES, ICP-MS, XRD and zeta potential measurements. Based on the results, the heavy metal concentration and chemical composition of the suspended matter in the water samples, as well as the sediment's chemical composition will be discussed.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/CLEN.201000610
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“Geochemical characterization of recent sediments in the Baltic Sea by bulk and electron microprobe analysis”. Belmans F, Van Grieken R, Brügmann L, Marine chemistry 42, 223 (1993). http://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(93)90014-F
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0304-4203(93)90014-F
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“Geochemistry of suspended matter from the baltic sea : 1 : results of individual particle characterization by automated electron microprobe”. Bernard PC, Van Grieken RE, Brügmann L, Marine chemistry 26, 155 (1989). http://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(89)90058-3
Abstract: Automated electron probe X-ray microanalysis was used to characterize some 15 000 individual suspension particles from 50 samples of suspended matter collected from different depths at 18 stations throughout the Baltic Sea and the transient area to the North Sea. For each particle, 14 minor and major elements were determined and size information data were obtained. To process this huge amount of results, multivariate analysis techniques were invoked: the particles were classified into specific types and the abundance variations of these groups were studied. It appeared that 80% of all investigated particles contained mostly silicon, and seemed to consist of quartz, and K-rich and Fe-rich aluminosilicates. The abundance of BaSO4 particles averaged 5% throughout the Baltic Sea, but amounted to up to 44% at some stations. The abundance of the Fe-rich particles varied significantly with location and depth, and averaged ∼ 4%. They were often found to be associated with significant amounts of P. Both of these particle types and the Mn-rich particles are thought to be mainly authigenic. Calcium carbonate particles are more abundant towards the North Sea (which seems to act as a source). Principal component analysis of the data revealed that most of the compositional variability can be explained by differences between deep and surface waters and by the influences of inflowing North Sea waters. Additional information about the types and sources of the suspended matter in the Baltic Sea was gained from the comparison and correlation of the single particle results with different fractions of the bulk concentrations of elements such as Al, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn and Ba.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0304-4203(89)90058-3
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“Geochemistry of suspended matter from the Baltic Sea: 2: results of bulk trace metal analysis by AAS”. Brügmann L, Bernard PC, Van Grieken R, Marine chemistry 38, 303 (1992). http://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(92)90039-D
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0304-4203(92)90039-D
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“Geometry errors in 14 MeV neutron activation analysis”. Van Grieken R, Speecke A, Hoste J, Journal of radioanalytical chemistry 13, 225 (1973). http://doi.org/10.1007/BF02514126
Abstract: The effects of inaccurate sample sizes and sample positioning on 14 MeV neutron activation analysis results are estimated for 30, 20 and 10 mm diameter targets. It appears that axial positioning is the most critical parameter and that using a larger tritium target will yield an overall improvement of the reproducibility.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/BF02514126
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“Geophysical applicability of aerosol size distribution measurements using cascade impactors and proton-induced X-ray-emission”. Van Grieken RE, Johansson TB, Akselsson KR, Winchester JW, Nelson JW, Chapman KR, Atmospheric environment : an international journal 10, 571 (1976). http://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(76)90040-8
Abstract: Proton Induced X-ray Emission, (PIXE), is capable of high precision analysis for trace element components of aerosol particle size fractions sampled by cascade impactor. A statistical evaluation of data quality has been carried out in order to distinguish between analytical uncertainties in the PIXE procedure, errors caused by cascade impactor performance and by other factors in the sampling procedure, and geophysical causes of differences in composition and particle size distributions of the elements in aerosols. Replicate analyses and simultaneous samplings taken in north Florida and St. Louis have been used for the data evaluation. In addition to the analytical error the sampling procedure contributes an error of ~ 10% to be added quadratically. The resulting precision is sufficient to evaluate the data in geophysical terms. This is illustrated by means of sample sets taken simultaneously in an urban, forest and coastal environment of the same region.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(76)90040-8
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“Geoquimica dos microclasticos da Bacio do Parnaiba”. Mabesoone JM, Duarte PJ, Van Grieken R, Delgao A, Freire EMP page 30 (1985).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Gevolgen van luchtverontreiniging op historische gebouwen”. Roekens E, Van Grieken R, Ons erfdeel 30, 361 (1987)
Keywords: A2 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Grazing-emission electron probe microanalysis of particles near the substrate edge”. Bekshaev A, de Hoog J, Van Grieken R, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 56, 2385 (2001). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(01)00300-7
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(01)00300-7
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“Grazing exit electron probe microanalysis for surface and particle analysis”. Tsuji K, Wagatsuma K, Nullens R, Van Grieken RE, Analytical chemistry 71, 2497 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1021/AC990075P
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/AC990075P
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“Grazing-exit electron probe x-ray microanalysis of light elements in particles”. Spolnik Z, Tsuji K, Van Grieken R, X-ray spectrometry 33, 16 (2004). http://doi.org/10.1002/XRS.656
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/XRS.656
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“Grazing-exit particle-induced X-ray emission analysis with extremely low background”. Tsuji K, Spolnik Z, Wagatsuma K, Van Grieken RE, Vis RD, Analytical chemistry 71, 5033 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1021/AC990568U
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/AC990568U
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“Gross alpha and beta activities of airborne particulate samples from Wawel Royal Castle Museum in Cracow, Poland”. Akbulut S, Krupinska B, Worobiec A, Čevik U, Taskin H, Van Grieken R, Samek L, Wiłkojć, E, Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 295, 1567 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1007/S10967-012-1983-8
Abstract: Soils are complex mixtures of organic, inorganic materials, and metal compounds from anthropogenic sources. In order to identify the pollution sources, their magnitude and development, several X-ray analytical methods were applied in this study. The concentrations of 16 elements were determined in all the soil samples using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Soils of unknown origin were observed by scanning electron microscopy equipped with a Si(Li) X-ray detector using Monte Carlo simulation approach. The mineralogical analyses were carried out using X-ray diffraction spectrometry. Due to the correlations between heavy metals and oxide compounds, the samples were analyzed also by electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) in order to have information about their oxide contents. On the other hand, soil pH and salinity levels were identified owing to their influence between heavy metal and soil-surface chemistry. Moreover, the geoaccumulation index (I geo) enables the assessment of contamination by comparing current and pre-industrial concentrations.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
DOI: 10.1007/S10967-012-1983-8
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“Gypsum and other calcium-rich particles above the North Sea”. Hoornaert S, van Malderen H, Van Grieken R, Environmental science and technology 30, 1515 (1996). http://doi.org/10.1021/ES9504350
Abstract: Ca-containing particles, especially CaSO4 particles, have been encountered in several atmospheric aerosol studies. An overview is given of the different sources of airborne Ca-containing particles, The North Sea atmosphere is studied to identify the different Ca-containing particle types and to find the correlation between their occurrence and the source regions of the corresponding air masses. About 50000 individual aerosol samples were collected above the Southern Eight of the North Sea for several wind directions and analyzed for their composition using electron probe X-ray microanalysis. Nonhierarchical cluster analysis is performed on the data to reveal the different particle types, their relative abundances and their sources. CaSO4 in most cases constitutes the largest fraction of the Ca-containing particles. Extremely high numbers of CaSO4 particles are found for northeastern winds, coming from the central part of Germany, suggesting that a great fraction is derived from anthropogenic sources located in this region. Among the other Ca-containing particle types are the aluminosilicates, CaCO3, Fe-Ca-rich particles, and CaSO4 or CaCO3 in combination with NaCl.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1021/ES9504350
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“The half-life of 28Al”. Van Schandevijl R, Van Grieken R, Hoste J, Journal of radioanalytical chemistry 9, 55 (1971). http://doi.org/10.1007/BF02514012
Abstract: The half-life of28Al was redetermined on aluminium samples of different origin. Three different counting techniques were applied. The availability of highly purified samples (up to 99.9999%), the use of very fast electronic counting equipment and a complete automatisation allowed a good precision to be obtained in the final result of 2.2405 min.
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1007/BF02514012
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