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“3D reconstruction of Ni4Ti3 precipitates in a Ni51Ti49 alloy in a FIB/SEM dual-beam system”. Cao S, Tirry W, van den Broek W, Schryvers D, Materials science forum 583, 277 (2008). http://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.583.277
Abstract: Ni4Ti3 precipitates play an important role in the shape memory and superelastic behaviour of thermo-mechanically treated Ni-Ti material. The 3D morphology and distribution of such precipitates with lenticular shape and rhombohedral atomic structure in the austenitic B2 matrix of a binary Ni-rich Ni-Ti alloy has been elucidated via a slice view procedure in a Dual-Beam FIB/SEM system. With the sequence of cross-section SE images obtained from the SEM, a 3D reconstruction has been achieved after proper alignment and image processing, from which both qualitative and quantitative analysis can be performed. Careful imaging is needed to ensure that all variants of the precipitates are observed with equal probability, regardless sample orientation. Moreover, due to the weak contrast of the precipitates, proper imaging conditions need to be selected to allow for semi-automated image treatment. Finally, a volume ratio of 10.2% for the Ni4Ti3 precipitates could be calculated, summed over all variants, which yields a net composition of Ni50.36Ti49.64 for the matrix, leading to an increase of 113 degrees for the martensitic start temperature Ms. Also, the expected relative orientation of the different variants of the precipitates could be confirmed. In the near future, other quantitative measures on the distribution of the precipitates can be expected.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.583.277
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“Aerosol synthesis and characterization of ultrafine fullerene particles”. van Cleempoel A, Joutsensaari J, Kauppinen E, Gijbels R, Claeys M, Fullerene science and technology 6, 599 (1998). http://doi.org/10.1080/10641229809350223
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Times cited: 3
DOI: 10.1080/10641229809350223
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“Comparison of As- and P-based metamorphic buffers for high performance InP heterojunction bipolar transistor and high electron mobility transistor applications”. Lubyshev D, Fastenau JM, Fang X-M, Wu Y, Doss C, Snyder A, Liu WK, Lamb MSM, Bals S, Song C, Journal of vacuum science &, technology. B. Microelectronics and nanometer structures. Processing, measurement and phenomena 22, 1565 (2004). http://doi.org/10.1116/1.1691412
Abstract: Metamorphic buffers (M-buffers) consisting of graded InAlAs or bulk InP were employed for the production of InP-based epiwafers on GaAs substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy. The graded InAlAs is the standard for production metamorphic high electron mobility transistors (M-HEMTs), while the bulk InP offers superior thermal properties for higher current density circuits. The surface morphology and crystal structure of the two M-buffers showed different relaxation mechanisms. The graded InAlAs gave a cross-hatched pattern with nearly full relaxation and very effective dislocation filtering, while the bulk InP had a uniform isotropic surface with dislocations propagating further up towards the active layers. Both types of M-buffers had atomic force microscopy root-mean-square roughness values around 2030 Å. The Hall transport properties of high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown on the InAlAs M-buffer, and a baseline HEMT grown lattice matched on InP, both had room-temperature mobilities >10 000 cm2/V s, while the M-HEMT on the InP M-buffer showed a decrease to 9000 cm2/V s. Similarly, the dc parameters of a double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) grown on the InAlAs M-buffer were much closer to the baseline heterojunction bipolar transistor than a DHBT grown on the InP M-buffer. A high breakdown voltage of 11.3 V was achieved on an M-DHBT with the InAlAs M-buffer. We speculate that the degradation in device characteristics on the InP M-buffer was related to the incomplete dislocation filtering.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Times cited: 25
DOI: 10.1116/1.1691412
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“Effect of annealing on the transformation behavior and mechanical properties of two nanostructured Ti-50.8at.%Ni thin wires produced by different methods”. Wang X, Amin-Ahmadi B, Schryvers D, Verlinden B, Van Humbeeck J, Materials science forum 738/739, 306 (2013). http://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.738-739.306
Abstract: A Ti-50.8at.%Ni wire produced using a co-drawing method and a commercial Ti-50.8at.%Ni wire were annealed at different temperatures between 450°C and 700°C. Grains with diameter less than 100nm were revealed by transmission electron microscopy for both wires before annealing treatment. However, the microstructural heterogeneity of the co-drawn wire is more obvious than that of the commercial wire. Multi-stage martensitic transformation was observed in the co-drawn wire, compared with the one-stage A↔M transformation in the commercial wire after annealing at 600°C for 30min. The differences of total elongation, plateau strain and pseudoelastic recoverable strain between the commercial wire and the co-drawn wire were also observed. The differences of the transformation behavior and mechanical properties between the commercial wire and the co-drawn wire are attributed to the microstructural difference between these two wires.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Times cited: 5
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.738-739.306
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“Electron-diffraction structure refinement of Ni4Ti3 precipitates in Ni52Ti48”. Tirry W, Schryvers D, Jorissen K, Lamoen D, Acta crystallographica: section B: structural science 62, 966 (2006). http://doi.org/10.1107/S0108768106036457
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Times cited: 30
DOI: 10.1107/S0108768106036457
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“EM characterization of precipitates in as-cast and annealed Ni45.5Ti45.5Nb9 shape memory alloys”. Shi H, Frenzel J, Schryvers D, Materials science forum 738/739, 113 (2013). http://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.738-739.113
Abstract: Nb-rich precipitates in the matrix of as-cast and annealed Ni45.5Ti45.5Nb9 alloys are investigated by scanning and scanning transmission electron microscopy, including slice-and-view and geometric phase analysis (GPA). The Nb-rich bcc nano-precipitates in the as-cast alloy have a 10% lattice parameter difference with the B2 matrix and reveal compensating interface dislocations. The 3D reconstruction of the configuration of small Nb-rich precipitates in the annealed alloy reveals a wall-like distribution of precipitates, which may increase the thermal hysteresis of the material.
Keywords: P1 Proceeding; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.738-739.113
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“Epitaxial growth of \beta-SiC on ion-beam synthesized \beta-SiC : structural characterization”. Romano-Rodriguez A, Perez-Rodriguez A, Serre C, van Landuyt J, et al, Materials science forum
T2 –, International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials, OCT 10-15, 1999, RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA 338-3, 309 (2000)
Abstract: In this work we present for the first time, to our knowledge, the CVD epitaxial growth of beta -SiC using an ion beam synthesized (IBS) beta -SiC layer as seed, which has been formed by multiple implantation into Si wafers at 500 degreesC. The ion beam synthesized continuous layer is constituted by beta -SiC nanocrystals that are well oriented relative to the silicon substrate. Comparison of the epitaxial growth on these samples with that on silicon test samples, both on and off-axis, is performed. The results show that the epitaxial growth can be achieved on the IBS samples without the need of the carbonization step and that the structural quality of the CVD layer is comparable to that obtained on a carbonized silicon sample. Improvement of the quality of the deposited layer is proposed.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Times cited: 2
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“High precision determination of the elastic strain of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells”. Wu MF, Zhou S, Yao S, Zhao Q, Vantomme A, van Daele B, Piscopiello E, Van Tendeloo G, Tong YZ, Yang ZJ, Yu TJ, Zhang GY, Journal of vacuum science and technology: B: microelectronics and nanometer structures 22, 920 (2004). http://doi.org/10.1116/1.1715085
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Times cited: 15
DOI: 10.1116/1.1715085
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“High resolution TEM observation of in situ colloid formation in CaF2 crystals”. Teodorescu VS, Nistor LC, van Landuyt J, Materials science forum 239-241, 671 (1997)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Times cited: 3
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“The influence of crystal thickness on the image tone”. van Renterghem W, Schryvers D, van Landuyt J, van Roost C, de Keyzer R, Journal of imaging science 47, 133 (2003)
Abstract: It is known that the neutral image tone of a developed photographic film becomes brownish when the thickness of the original silver halide tabular crystals is reduced. We investigate by electron microscopy to what extent the silver filament structure has changed and how it induces the shift in image tone. Therefore, two samples of AgBr {111} tabular crystals with average thicknesses of 160 nm and 90 nm respectively, are compared. It is shown that the dimensions and defect structure of the filaments are comparable, but that the 90 nm crystals result in a more widely spaced structure, which explains the shift in image tone on a qualitative level. The influence of the addition of an image toner, i.e., phenylmercaptotetrazole, on the filament structure is also investigated. An even more open filament structure of longer, but smaller filaments was observed.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 0.348
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“Intersublevel absorption in stacked n-type doped self-assembled quantum dots”. Veljkovic D, Tadić, M, Peeters FM, Materials science forum 494, 37 (2005)
Abstract: The intersublevel absorption in n-doped InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum-dot molecules composed of three quantum dots is theoretically considered. The transition matrix elements and the transition energies are found to vary considerably with the spacer thickness. For s polarized light, decreasing the thickness of the spacer between the dots brings about crossings between the transition matrix elements, but the overall absorption is not affected by the variation of the spacer thickness. For p-polarized light and thick spacers, there are no available transitions in the single quantum dot, but a few of them emerge as a result of the electron state splitting in the stacks of coupled quantum dots, which leads to a considerable increase of the transition matrix elements, exceeding by an order of magnitude values of the matrix elements for s-polarized light.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
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“Magnetoplasma excitations in vertically coupled quantum dot systems”. Partoens B, Matulis A, Peeters FM, Materials science forum 297/298, 225 (1999)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
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“Microstructure of artificial [100] 45 degrees twist grain boundaries in YBa2Cu3O7-delta”. Verbist K, Tafuri F, Granozio FM, Di Chiara S, Van Tendeloo G, Electron Microscopy 1998, Vol 2: Materials Science 1 , 593 (1998)
Keywords: P1 Proceeding; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
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“Modeling of magnetron and glow discharges”. Bogaerts A, Kolev I, Le vide: science, technique et applications 57, 296 (2002)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Nano- and microcrystal investigations of precipitates, interfaces and strain fields in Ni-Ti-Nb by various TEM techniques”. Schryvers D, Shi H, Martinez GT, Van Aert S, Frenzel J, Van Humbeeck J, Materials science forum
T2 –, 9th European Symposium on Martensitic Transformations (ESOMAT 2012), SEP 09-16, 2012, St Petersburg, RUSSIA 738/739, 65 (2013). http://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.738-739.65
Abstract: In the present contribution several advanced electron microscopy techniques are employed in order to describe chemical and structural features of the nano- and microstructure of a Ni45.5Ti45.5Nb9 alloy. A line-up of Nb-rich nano-precipitates is found in the Ni-Ti-rich austenite of as-cast material. Concentration changes of the matrix after annealing are correlated with changes in the transformation temperatures. The formation of rows and plates of larger Nb-rich precipitates and particles is described. The interaction of a twinned martensite plate with a Nb-rich nano-precipitate is discussed and the substitution of Nb atoms on the Ti-sublattice in the matrix is confirmed.
Keywords: P1 Proceeding; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Times cited: 2
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.738-739.65
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“Natural mineral-marine manganese nodule as a novel catalyst for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes”. Cheng JP, Zhang XB, Ye Y, Tao XY, Liu F, Li Y, Van Tendeloo G, Journal of Wuhan University of Technology: materials science edition 21, 29 (2006)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
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“PECVD growth of carbon nanotubes : from experiment to simulation”. Neyts EC, Journal of vacuum science and technology: B: micro-electronics processing and phenomena 30, 030803 (2012). http://doi.org/10.1116/1.3702806
Abstract: Nanostructured carbon materials show a tremendous variety in atomic structure, morphology, properties, and applications. As all properties are ultimately determined by the structure of the material, a thorough understanding of the growth mechanisms that give rise to the particular structure is critical. On many occasions, it has been shown that plasma enhanced growth can be strongly beneficial. This review will describe the authors current understanding of plasma enhanced growth of carbon nanotubes, the prototypical example of nanostructured carbon materials, as obtained from experiments, simulations, and modeling. Specific emphasis is put on where experiments and computational approaches correspond, and where they differ. Also, the current status on simulating PECVD growth of some other carbon nanomaterials is reviewed, including amorphous carbon, graphene, and metallofullerenes. Finally, computational challenges with respect to the simulation of PECVD growth are identified.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Times cited: 42
DOI: 10.1116/1.3702806
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“Positron annihilation study of nanocrystalline Ni3Al : simulations and measurements”. Kuriplach J, van Petegem S, Hou M, Van Tendeloo G, Schryvers D, et al, Materials science forum
T2 –, 12th International Conference on Positron Annihilation (ICPA-12), AUG 06-12, 2000, UNIV BUNDERSWEHR MUNCHEN, NEUBIBERG, GERMANY 363-3, 94 (2001)
Abstract: A positron lifetime experiment is performed on samples produced by the compaction of nanocrystalline Ni3Al powder synthesized by the inert-gas condensation technique. In the lifetime spectrum we observe two components corresponding to defects. Computer (virtual) samples of n-Ni3Al are obtained using molecular dynamics combined with the Metropolis Monte Carlo technique. Positron lifetime calculations are then performed on selected regions of simulated samples. For this purpose, a new computational technique based on a generalization of the atomic superposition method for non-periodic systems was developed. Lifetimes calculated in this way are compared to experiment.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
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“Structural characterization of erbium doped LAS glass ceramics obtained by glass melting technique”. Krsmanovic R, Bertoni G, Van Tendeloo G, Materials science forum 555, 377 (2007)
Abstract: Samples of transparent glass-ceramics in the ternary system Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 (LAS), with Er2O3 as a luminescent dopant, are investigated. The initial glass is obtained by the classical melting technique. In order to induce ceramization of the glass, TiO2 and ZrO2 are added in small amount as nucleating agents. The thermal treatments at 730 and 770 degrees C are carried out to promote formation of titanium zirconate solid solution precipitates. The spatial distribution of the precipitates in the material, their morphology, and their composition are investigated with TEM, HRTEM, HAADF-STEM, EELS and EFTEM. The results demonstrate that with the glass-melting preparation technique it is possible to achieve small nanoparticles with uniform distribution and higher number density than with the sol-gel glass preparation.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
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“Structural studies of nanocrystalline diamond thin films”. Nistor LC, van Landuyt J, Ralchenko VG, Obratzova ED, Korothushenko KG, Smolin AA, Materials science forum 239-241, 115 (1997)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
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“Structure of artificial grain boundaries in sapphire bicrystals with intermediate layers”. Vasiliev AL, Stepantsov EA, Ivanov ZG, Olsson E, Verbist K, Van Tendeloo G, Interface science 5, 223 (1997)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Times cited: 3
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“Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystal zeolite/mesoporous matrix composite material”. Gagea BC, Liang D, Van Tendeloo G, Martens JA, Jacobs PA, Studies in surface science and catalysis 162, 259 (2006). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2991(06)80915-8
Keywords: P1 Proceeding; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Times cited: 8
DOI: 10.1016/S0167-2991(06)80915-8
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“KSm(MoO4)2, an incommensurately modulated and partially disordered scheelite-like structure”. Arakcheeva A, Pattison P, Chapuis G, Rossell M, Filaretov A, Morozov V, Van Tendeloo G, Acta crystallographica: section B: structural science 64, 160 (2008). http://doi.org/10.1107/S0108768108001870
Abstract: The incommensurately modulated scheelite-like KSm( MoO4)(2) structure has been refined in the monoclinic superspace group I2/b(alpha beta 0)00 by the Rietveld method on the basis of synchrotron radiation powder diffraction data. The systematic broadening of satellite reflections has been accounted for by applying anisotropic microstrain line-broadening. The microstructure has been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The partial disorder of the K and Sm cations in the A position is best approximated by a combination of harmonic and complex crenel functions with (0.952Sm + 0.048K) and (0.952K + 0.048Sm) atomic domains. This combination yields a compositional wave distribution from {KMoO4} to {SmMoO4} observed in the ab structure projection along q. The specific features of KSm(MoO4)(2) and degree of the A-cation ordering are discussed in comparison with the previously reported structure of KNd(MoO4)(2).
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Times cited: 23
DOI: 10.1107/S0108768108001870
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“Multiscale investigation of quasi-brittle fracture characteristics in a 9Cr–1Mo ferritic–martensitic steel embrittled by liquid lead–bismuth under low cycle fatigue”. Gong X, Marmy P, Volodin A, Amin-Ahmadi B, Qin L, Schryvers D, Gavrilov S, Stergar E, Verlinden B, Wevers M, Seefeldt M, Corrosion science 102, 137 (2016). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2015.10.003
Abstract: Liquid metal embrittlement (LME) induced quasi-brittle fracture characteristics of a 9Cr–1Mo ferritic–martensitic steel (T91) after fatigue cracking in lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) have been investigated at various length scales. The results show that the LME fracture morphology is primarily characterized by quasi-brittle translath flat regions partially covered by nanodimples, shallow secondary cracks propagating along the martensitic lath boundaries as well as tear ridges covered by micro dimples. These diverse LME fracture features likely indicate a LME mechanism involving multiple physical processes, such as weakening induced interatomic decohesion at the crack tip and plastic shearing induced nano/micro voiding in the plastic zone.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Times cited: 16
DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2015.10.003
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“Low-temperature plasticity of olivine revisited with in situ TEM nanomechanical testing”. Idrissi H, Bollinger C, Boioli F, Schryvers D, Cordier P, Science Advances 2, e1501671 (2016). http://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501671
Abstract: The rheology of the lithospheric mantle is fundamental to understanding how mantle convection couples with plate tectonics. However, olivine rheology at lithospheric conditions is still poorly understood because experiments are difficult in this temperature range where rocks and mineral become very brittle. We combine techniques of quantitative in situ tensile testing in a transmission electron microscope and numerical modeling of dislocation dynamics to constrain the low-temperature rheology of olivine. We find that the intrinsic ductility of olivine at low temperature is significantly lower than previously reported values, which were obtained under strain-hardened conditions. Using this method, we can anchor rheological laws determined at higher temperature and can provide a better constraint on intermediate temperatures relevant for the lithosphere. More generally, we demonstrate the possibility of characterizing the mechanical properties of specimens, which can be available in the form of submillimeter-sized particles only.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Times cited: 32
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501671
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“Visualizing redox orbitals and their potentials in advanced lithium-ion battery materials using high-resolution x-ray Compton scattering”. Hafiz H, Suzuki K, Barbiellini B, Orikasa Y, Callewaert V, Kaprzyk S, Itou M, Yamamoto K, Yamada R, Uchimoto Y, Sakurai Y, Sakurai H, Bansil A, Science Advances 3, e1700971 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700971
Abstract: Reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions are the key processes that underlie the batteries powering smartphones, laptops, and electric cars. A redox process involves transfer of electrons between two species. For example, in a lithium-ion battery, current is generated when conduction electrons from the lithium anode are transferred to the redox orbitals of the cathode material. The ability to visualize or image the redox orbitals and how these orbitals evolve under lithiation and delithiation processes is thus of great fundamental and practical interest for understanding the workings of battery materials. We show that inelastic scattering spectroscopy using high-energy x-ray photons (Compton scattering) can yield faithful momentum space images of the redox orbitals by considering lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4 or LFP) as an exemplar cathode battery material. Our analysis reveals a new link between voltage and the localization of transition metal 3d orbitals and provides insight into the puzzling mechanism of potential shift and how it is connected to the modification of the bond between the transition metal and oxygen atoms. Our study thus opens a novel spectroscopic pathway for improving the performance of battery materials.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Times cited: 9
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700971
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“Transmission electron microscopy study of complex oxide scales on DIN 1.4970 steel exposed to liquid Pb-Bi eutectic”. Charalampopoulou E, Delville R, Verwerft M, Lambrinou K, Schryvers D, Corrosion science 147, 22 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2018.10.018
Abstract: The deployment of Gen-IV lead-cooled fast reactors requires a good compatibility between the selected structural/cladding steels and the inherently corrosive heavy liquid metal coolant. An effective liquid metal corrosion mitigation strategy involves the in-situ steel passivation in contact with the oxygen-containing Pb-alloy coolant. Transmission electron microscopy was used in this work to study the multi-layered oxide scales forming on an austenitic stainless steel fuel cladding exposed to oxygen-containing (CO ≈ 10−6 mass%) static liquid leadbismuth eutectic (LBE) for 1000 h between 400 and 500 °C. The oxide scale constituents were analyzed, including the intertwined phases comprising the innermost biphasic layer.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Times cited: 5
DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2018.10.018
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“Artificial orpiment, a new pigment in Rembrandt's palette”. van Loon A, Noble P, Krekeler A, van der Snickt G, Janssens K, Abe Y, Nakai I, Dik J, Heritage science 5, 26 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1186/S40494-017-0138-1
Abstract: This paper reports on how the application of macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) imaging, in combination with the re-examination of existing paint cross-sections, has led to the discovery of a new pigment in Rembrandt's palette: artificial orpiment. In the NWO Science4Arts 'ReVisRembrandt' project, novel chemical imaging techniques are being developed and applied to the study of Rembrandt's late paintings in order to help resolve outstanding questions and to gain a better understanding of his late enigmatic painting technique. One of the selected case studies is the Portrait of a Couple as Isaac and Rebecca, known as 'The Jewish Bride', dated c. 1665 and on view in the Rijksmuseum. During the re-installation of the Rijksmuseum in 2013, the picture was scanned using the Bruker M6 Jetstream MAXRF scanner. The resulting elemental distribution maps made it possible to distinguish many features in the painting, such as bone black remains of the original hat (P, Ca maps), and the now discolored smalt-rich background (Co, Ni, As, K maps). The arsenic (As) map also revealed areas of high-intensity in Isaac's sleeve and Rebecca's dress where it could be established that it was not related with the pigment smalt that also contains arsenic. This pointed to the presence of a yellow or orange arsenic-containing pigment, such as realgar or orpiment that is not associated with the artist's palette. Subsequent examination of existing paint cross-sections from these locations taken by Karin Groen in the 1990s identified isolated, almost perfectly round particles of arsenic sulfide. The round shape corresponds with published findings on a purified form of artificial orpiment glass obtained by dry processing, a sublimation reaction. In bright field, the particles characteristically exhibit a dark cross in the middle caused by internal light reflections. The results of additional non-invasive techniques (portable XRD and portable Raman) are discussed, as well as the implications of this finding and how it fits with Rembrandt's late experimental painting technique.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Times cited: 6
DOI: 10.1186/S40494-017-0138-1
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“Assessing the origin and fate of CR, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ph, and V in industrial polluted soil by combined microspectroscopic techniques and bulk extraction methods”. Terzano R, Spagnuolo M, Vekemans B, de Nolf W, Janssens K, Falkenberg G, Ruggiero P, Environmental science &, technology 41, 6762 (2007). http://doi.org/10.1021/ES070260H
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Times cited: 61
DOI: 10.1021/ES070260H
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“Atmospheric composition and micro-climate in the Alhambra monument, Granada (Spain), in the context of preventive conservation”. Horemans B, Schalm O, De Wael K, Cardell C, Van Grieken R, IOP conference series : materials science and engineering 37, 012002 (2012). http://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/37/1/012002
Abstract: The world famous Alhambra monument in Granada, Southern Spain, listed as UNESCO world cultural heritage since 1984, represents probably the most beautiful example of Islamic art and architecture from the Middle Ages in Europe. It is visited by ca. 2 million people annually. Granada is situated in a natural basin, surrounded by mountains with altitudes up to 3500 m. Due to this topography and the prevailing low wind speeds, pollution-derived and especially traffic-derived particulate matter often accumulates in the urban air. In order to evaluate the potential conservation risks from the surrounding air, the atmospheric composition in the Alhambra monument was evaluated. Indoor temperature and relative humidity fluctuations were evaluated for their potential degenerative effects. Furthermore, the atmospheric composition in the Alhambra was analyzed in terms of inorganic gases (NO2, SO2, O3, and NH3) and black carbon. It was found that the open architecture protected the indoor environments from developing a potentially harmful microclimate, such as the build-up of humidity resulting from the huge number of daily tourists. On the downside, the strong ventilation made the indoor air hardly different from outdoor air, as characterized by strong diurnal temperature and relative humidity gradients and high traffic-derived pollutant levels.
Keywords: P1 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/37/1/012002
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