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Author Van Grieken, R.; Maenhaut, W.; Winchester, J.W. openurl 
  Title Chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols sampled worldwide Type A3 Journal article
  Year 1985 Publication National Geographic Society research reports Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 20 Issue Pages 791-798  
  Keywords A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0077-4626 ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:116750 Serial 7652  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Čevik, U.; Damla, N.; Van Grieken, R.; Vefa Akpinar, M. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Chemical composition of building materials used in Turkey Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2011 Publication Construction and building materials Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 1546-1552  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract The main goal of this work was to determine the chemical composition of building materials used in Turkey by utilizing energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry. Gas concrete, cement, sand, bricks, roofing tiles, marble, lime and gypsum materials were selected as building materials for this research. The chemical contents and their trace concentrations of the selected samples were determined. The most abundant oxides measured were generally SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, K2O and SO3 for all samples. While the main chemical component of gas concrete, cement, sand and marble samples were SiO2 and CaO, brick and roofing tile mainly consisted of SiO2 and Al2O3. CaO and SO3 were major component of lime and gypsum samples, respectively. For U and Th concentrations in the samples, activities of 226Ra and 232Th were measured by utilizing gamma spectrometry. ANOVA and Pearson correlation analyses were performed on the studied data for statistical analysis.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000287379300007 Publication Date 2010-09-22  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0950-0618 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:86448 Serial 7653  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Subramanian, V.; Van 't dack, L.; Van Grieken, R. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Chemical composition of river sediments from the Indian sub-continent Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1985 Publication Chemical geology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 48 Issue Pages 271-280  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract River sediments from all of the major drainage basins (except the Indus) in the Indian sub-continent were collected and analysed by thin-film X-ray fluorescence technique (XRF) to determine their chemical composition. On the basis of analysis of more than 120 samples, average chemical compositions of river-borne sediments from the Indian sub-continent have been calculated. Also, average concentration values for sediments from each of the river basins, and the sub-continent average and the inter-basin differences are discussed in relation to weathering processes in the drainage basins. Comparisons have been made with the chemistry of sediments from the Bay of Bengal (which receives the bulk of sediments delivered by Indian rivers). Our observations are discussed in the light of average chemical composition of world-river sediments and the world surface rock exposed for continental weathering.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1985AFW3500022 Publication Date 2003-08-06  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0009-2541 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:111480 Serial 7654  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Dekov, V.; Subramanian, V.; Van Grieken, R. openurl 
  Title Chemical composition of riverine suspended matter and sediments from the Indian sub-continent Type A3 Journal article
  Year 1999 Publication Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Paläontologischen Institut der Universität Hamburg Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 82 Issue Pages 99-109  
  Keywords A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0072-1115 ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:24722 Serial 7655  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Dekov, V.M.; Araujo, F.; Van Grieken, R.; Subramanian, V. doi  openurl
  Title Chemical composition of sediments and suspended matter from the Cauvery and Brahmaputra rivers (India) Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1998 Publication The science of the total environment Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 212 Issue Pages 89-105  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000073203500001 Publication Date 2002-07-26  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0048-9697; 1879-1026 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:20962 Serial 7656  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Dekov, V.M.; Araujo, F.; Van Grieken, R.; Subramanian, V. openurl 
  Title Chemical composition of sediments and suspended matter from the Cauvery and Brahmaputra rivers (India) Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1997 Publication The science of the total environment Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 203 Issue Pages 51-53  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0048-9697; 1879-1026 ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:18787 Serial 7657  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Dekov, V.M.; Komy, Z.; Araujo, F.; van Put, A.; Van Grieken, R. doi  openurl
  Title Chemical composition of sediments, suspended matter, river and ground water of the Nile (Aswan-Sohag transvers) Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1997 Publication The science of the total environment Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 201 Issue Pages 195-210  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1997XL69100003 Publication Date 2002-07-25  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0048-9697; 1879-1026 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:18781 Serial 7658  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Dekov, V.M.; Subramanian, V.; Van Grieken, R. openurl 
  Title Chemical composition of suspended matter and sediments from the Indian sub-continent: a fifteen-year research survey Type H3 Book chapter
  Year 1998 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 81-92 T2 - Recent trends in environmental biogeoch  
  Keywords H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:22778 Serial 7659  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Torfs, K.; Van Grieken, R. openurl 
  Title Chemical relations between atmospheric aerosols, deposition and stone decay layers on historic buildings at the Mediterranean coast Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1997 Publication Atmospheric environment : an international journal Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 31 Issue Pages 2179-2192  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1352-2310 ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:18777 Serial 7660  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Ro, C.-U.; Oh, K.-Y.; Kim, H.K.; Chun, Y.; Osán, J.; de Hoog, J.; Van Grieken, R. doi  openurl
  Title Chemical speciation of individual atmospheric particles using low-Z electron probe X-ray microanalysis characterizing “Asian Dust” deposited with rainwater in Seoul, Korea Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2001 Publication Atmospheric environment : an international journal Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 35 Issue Pages 4995-5005  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000171443800009 Publication Date 2002-10-31  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1352-2310 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:36089 Serial 7661  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Heyne, M.H. url  openurl
  Title Chemistry and plasma physics challenges for 2D materials technology Type Doctoral thesis
  Year 2019 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 167 p.  
  Keywords Doctoral thesis; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Transition-metal dichalcogenides such as MoS2 or WS2 are semiconducting materials with a layered structure. One single layer consists of a plane of metal atoms terminated on the top and bottom by the chalcogen atoms sulfur, selenium, or tellurium. These layers show strong in-plane covalent bonding, whereas the Van-der-Waals bonds in between adjacent layers are weak. Those weak bonds allow the microcleavage and extraction of a monolayer. Transistors built on such monolayer nanosheets are promising due to high electrostatic controllability in comparison to a bulk semiconductor. This is important for fast switching speed and low-power consumption in the OFF-state. Nonetheless, prototypes of such nanosheet transistors show non-idealities due to the fabrication process. Closed films on a large area cannot be obtained by mechanical exfoliation from mm-sized crystals. For wafer-level processing, synthetic growth methods are needed. It is a challenge to obtain a few layer thick crystals with large lateral grains or even without grain boundaries with synthetic growth techniques. This requires pre-conditioned monocrystalline substrates, high-temperature deposition, and polymer-assisted transfer to other target substrates after the growth. Such transfer is a source of cracks in the film and degrades the layers' promising properties by residual polymer from the bond material. Apart from transfer, patterning of the stacked 2D layers is necessary to build devices. The patterning of a 2D material itself or another material on top of it is challenging. The integration of the nanosheets into miniaturized devices cannot be done by conventional continuous-wave dry etching techniques due to the absence of etch stop layers and the vulnerability of these thin layers. To eliminate these issues in growth and integration, we explored the deposition methods on wafer-level and low-damage integration schemes. To this end, we studied the growth of MoS2 by a hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition for which metal layers were deposited and subsequently sulfurized in H2S to obtain large area 2D layers. The impact of sulfurization temperature, time, partial H2S pressure, and H2 addition on the stoichiometry, crystallinity, and roughness were explored. Furthermore, a selective low-temperature deposition and conversion process at 450 °C for WS2 by the precursors WF6, H2S, and Si was considered. Si was used as a reducing agent for WF6 to deposit thin W films and H2S sulfurized this film in situ. The impact of the reducing agent amount, its surface condition, the temperature window, and the necessary time for the conversion of Si into W and W into WS2 were studied. Further quality improvement strategies on the WS2 were implemented by using extra capping layers in combination with annealing. Capping layers such as Ni and Co for metal-induced crystallization were compared to dielectric capping layers. The impact of the metal capping layer and its thickness on the recrystallization was evaluated. The dielectric capping layer's property to suppress sulfur loss under high temperature was explored. The annealings, which were done by rapid thermal annealing and nanosecond laser annealing, were discussed. Eventually, the fabrication of a heterostack with a MoS2 base layer and selectively grown WS2 was studied. Atomic layer etching was identified as attractive technique to remove the solid precursor Si from MoS2 in a layer-by-layer fashion. The in-situ removal of native SiO2 and the impact towards MoS2 was determined. The created patterned Si on MoS2 was then converted into patterned WS2 on MoS2 by the selective WF6/H2S process developed earlier. This procedure offers an attractive, scalable way to enable the fabrication of 2D devices with CMOS-compatible processes and contributes essential progress in the field 2D materials technology.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:162027 Serial 7662  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Roekens, E.; Komy, Z.; Leysen, L.; Veny, P.; Van Grieken, R. doi  openurl
  Title Chemistry of precipitation near a limestone building Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1988 Publication Water, air and soil pollution Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 38 Issue 3/4 Pages 273-282  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract A total of 82 samples of wet and total deposition were sampled near the limestone cathedral at Mechelen, Belgium, which is presently being affected seriously by air pollution, and at a reference site. Most of these samples were analyzed for 10 major and 7 trace ions in solution and for 15 elements in suspension. It appeared that calcite, released from the building, effectively neutralizes the rainwater in the near vicinity and produces high Ca and bicarbonate concentrations. Heavy metal concentrations are hardly affected by the building.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 2014-08-25  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0049-6979; 1573-2932 ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:116806 Serial 7663  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Vercauteren, J.; Matheeussen, C.; Wauters, E.; Roekens, E.; Van Grieken, R.; Krata, A.; Makarovska, Y.; Maenhaut, W.; Chi, X.; Geypens, B. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Chemkar PM10 : an extensive look at the local differences in chemical composition of PM10 in Flanders, Belgium Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2011 Publication Atmospheric environment : an international journal Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 108-116  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract The results of Chemkar PM10, the first large scale chemical characterisation project of PM10 in Flanders are presented. Between September 2006 and September 2007 a total of 365 PM10 samples were collected by sampling every sixth day at six different sites in Flanders (Belgium) varying in character from urban background to rural. Samples were analysed for a series of elements, elemental and organic carbon, 13C/12C- and 15N/14N-isotopic ratios, and water-soluble ions. At three sites extra sampling was carried out to determine PAHs by means of a novel technique that uses sorption tubes consisting of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) foam, PDMS particles and a TENAX TA bed. Results showed that the most important fractions were secondary inorganic ions (nitrate, sulphate and ammonium): 41% (12.6 μg m−3), organic matter: 20% (6.1 μg m−3), crustal matter: 14% (4.3 μg m−3), sea salt: 8% (2.4 μg m−3) and elemental carbon: 4% (1.2 μg m−3). Although the general composition profile was rather similar for the six sites, substantial differences could be observed for some main components and for several trace metals such as chromium, copper, zinc, arsenic and lead. Although the average sum of the PAH 16 was quite variable between the three sites (between 132 and 248 ng m−3) the average sum of the PAH 7 was between 7 and 9 ng m−3 for the three sites. The largest relative differences between sites were found for elemental carbon and crustal matter, thereby indicating that there is some potential for local measures to reduce the concentrations of particulate matter by a few μg m−3. Both for carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios significant differences in time were observed. Isotopic differences in location could only be detected for carbon.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000285675600010 Publication Date 2010-09-30  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1352-2310 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:85917 Serial 7664  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Camuffo, D.; Pagan, E.; Schellen, H.; Van Grieken, R.; Bencs, L.; et al. isbn  openurl
  Title Church heating and cultural heritage conservation : guide to the analysis of pros and cons of various heating systems Type MA2 Book as author
  Year 2006 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 240 p.  
  Keywords MA2 Book as author; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 88-370-5034-8 Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:117468 Serial 7665  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Bondarenko, I.; van Espen, P.; Treiger, B.; Van Grieken, R.; Adams, F. openurl 
  Title Classification of coal mine dust particles through fuzzy clustering of their energy-dispersive electron microprobe X-ray spectra Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1994 Publication Microbeam analysis Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 3 Issue Pages 33-37  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1061-3420 ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:8916 Serial 7667  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Bernard, P.C.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Eisma, D. doi  openurl
  Title Classification of estuarine particles using automated electron-microprobe analysis and multivariate techniques Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1986 Publication Environmental science and technology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 20 Issue 5 Pages 467-473  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1986C117800013 Publication Date 2005-03-17  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0013-936x; 1520-5851 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:113614 Serial 7668  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Treiger, B.; Bondarenko, I.; van Espen, P.; Van Grieken, R.; Adams, F. doi  openurl
  Title Classification of mineral particles by nonlinear mapping of electron microprobe energy-dispersive X-ray spectra Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1994 Publication The analyst Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 119 Issue Pages 971-974  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1994NR76500037 Publication Date 2004-03-24  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:8918 Serial 7669  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Leysen, L.A.; Roekens, E.J.; Storms, H.; Van Grieken, R.E. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Classification of suspended particles in deposition samples and run-off water samples from a limestone cathedral Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1987 Publication Atmospheric environment Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 21 Issue 11 Pages 2425-2433  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract In a study on the mechanism of the air-pollution induced deterioration of the limestone St. Rombouts cathedral in Mechelen, Belgium, automated electron-probe X-ray micro-analysis combined with multivariate analysis was used to characterize the suspension particles in run-off water and in local wet and dry deposition samples. Altogether about 10,000 individual particles were sized, analyzed and classified, according to their chemical composition. It was found that the run-off water samples were highly enriched in CaCO3 particles, resulting from the stone-erosion by overflowing rainwater, while the Si-rich group was the most abundant one in the deposition samples. Several other particle types were found. Ion chromatography analysis of the run-off water showed 2001700mg l−1 of sulphate and 20110mg l−1 of nitrate.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 2003-08-06  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0004-6981 ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:116454 Serial 7670  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Alemam, E. url  openurl
  Title Cleaning of wall paintings by Polyvinyl alcohol–Borax/Agarose (PVA–B/AG) double network hydrogels : characterization, assessment, and applications Type Doctoral thesis
  Year 2021 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 184 p.  
  Keywords Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES); Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS)  
  Abstract Wall paintings make up an important section of cultural heritage. They resemble time portals that can be used to travel back into the past and witness the life of our ancestors. In these paintings, the ancient artists depicted the different aspects of their life, such as cooking, baking, farming, manufacturing, as well as thoughts and beliefs. Unfortunately, wall paintings are susceptible to degradation over time in the form of the accumulations of dirt and deposits on the painted surfaces and loss of adhesion of the paint layers at the surface. Therefore, the removal of these deposits is one of the primary duties of conservator-restorers. Such operations are intended to restore the painted surface to a condition close enough to its original state. Since cleaning artworks may cause undesirable physicochemical alterations and is nonreversible, the proper cleaning procedure should be adopted. In this regard, numerous gels have been developed and exploited for the cleaning of various artwork surfaces. Lately, polyvinyl alcohol-borax (PVA-B) and agarose (AG) hydrogels have been widely employed as cleaning materials by conservator-restorers. However, both hydrogels have shown limitations in specific cleaning practices. In this work, we investigated a new double network hydrogel based on blending PVA-B and agarose to avoid the limitations posed by the constituting hydrogels. For this reason, a detailed characterization of the PVA–B/AG double network hydrogel was performed, including chemical structure, liquid phase retention, mechanical strength, rheological behavior, and self-healing behavior of various PVA-B/AG hydrogels. These new hydrogels revealed better properties than PVA-B and agarose hydrogels and obviated their limitations. A laboratory experiment on the removal of deteriorated Paraloid® B72 proved that the PVA-B/AG hydrogel loaded 10%/10% MEK/1-PeOH was able to remove these layers efficiently. Therefore, the hydrogel was tested on a wall painting from the Temple of Seti I in Abydos – Egypt. It removed the glossy/darkened consolidant from the wall painting and restored the original matt appearance of the painted surface. In another application on the painted ceiling of the same temple, the hydrogel was tested for removing thick soot layers. The hydrogel formulation (loaded with 5% ammonia, 0.3% ammonium carbonate, and 0.3% EDTA) removed these layers with no noticeable damage to the paint layers. In a wide-scale application of the hydrogel (loaded with 10% propylene carbonate), it removed a highly deteriorated varnish layer from a 19-c wall painting. All the traditional cleaning methods employed caused damage to the paint layers, proving that gel cleaning can be a safer cleaning alternative in some cases.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:183381 Serial 7671  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Anaf, W.; Schalm, O. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Climatic quality evaluation by peak analysis and segregation of low-, mid-, and high-frequency fluctuations, applied on a historic chapel Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Building and environment Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 148 Issue Pages 286-293  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)  
  Abstract Heritage-related guidelines and standards recommend stable climatic conditions, since these contribute to the extension of heritage collections life. As a result, numerous museums and other heritage institutions implement (expensive) mitigation measures to achieve stable conditions. Nevertheless, temperature and relative humidity fluctuations are often still observed. This contribution demonstrates that the analysis of temperature and humidity peaks and drops helps to identify hazards which cause fluctuations in different frequency ranges. This hazard identification provides information on the type of mitigation actions that are required in the near future and in which order they need to be implemented. The approach is illustrated with a case study. A 22 month monitoring campaign was performed in a chapel in the center of Antwerp (Belgium) where the climatic conditions are controlled with a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system. Low-, mid- and high-frequency fluctuations were separated and discussed for their hazards.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000457116500024 Publication Date 2018-11-15  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0360-1323 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:157569 Serial 7672  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Vanderstappen, M.G.; Van Grieken, R.E. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Co-crystallization with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol, and X-ray fluorescence, for trace metal analysis of water Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1978 Publication Talanta : the international journal of pure and applied analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 25 Issue 11/12 Pages 653-658  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Adding 20mg of 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) to a water sample at 70°, and filtering off the precipitate after cooling, gives efficient preconcentration prior to X-ray fluorescence analysis of water. Up to the capacity of about 100 μeq of PAN used, the trace metal recoveries are around 90% or higher for Cr3+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Hg2+ and Eu3+, and above 70% for many other ions. The recovery yields usually do not vary critically with pH in the neutral pH-range, and are practically independent of the sample salinity, sample volume and trace-metal concentration. Enrichment factors as high as 2 × 105 can be achieved. Counting statistics would then allow detection limits of 0.03 ppM. The blank levels in commercial PAN, however, lead to typical detection limits of about 1 ppm. The coefficient of variation is typically in the 510% range at the 10-ppM level. The accuracy and applicability of the procedure are illustrated by comparative analyses on samples of synthetic solutions, river and drinking water.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1978GG18200005 Publication Date 2002-07-25  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0039-9140; 1873-3573 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:116556 Serial 7675  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Chakravorty, R.; Van Grieken, R. doi  openurl
  Title Co-precipitation with iron hydroxide and X-ray fluorescence analysis of trace metals in water Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1982 Publication International journal of environmental analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 67-80  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Preconcentration of transition trace ions by coprecipitation on iron-hydroxide has been combined with energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence for environmental water analysis. The optimized preconcentration procedure implies adding 2 mg of iron to a 200 ml water sample, adding dilute NaOH up to pH 9, filtering off on a Nuclepore membrane after a 1 h equilibration time, and analyzing. Quantitative recoveries could then be obtained for Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb, e.g. at the 10 μg/l level in waters of varying salinity while Mn was partially collected. (In fact, for a given problem the iron carrier amount can be adjusted to obtain a satisfactory compromise between high recovery and low detection limit). The precision is 7-8% at the 10 μg/l level, and the detection limits are in the 0.5-1 μg/l range. Various environmental water samples are analysed by way of illustration.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1982NG99200007 Publication Date 2007-07-07  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0306-7319 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:116573 Serial 7676  
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Author Wood, J.; Geerts, R.; Majean, L.; Coene, V.; Vanheeswijck, J.; de Smalen, D.; Ronda, T.; Keizer, K. url  openurl
  Title De combinatie werk-gezin en het gebruik van formele kinderopvang bij vrouwen met een migratieachtergrond : een mixed methods-benadering Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Sociologos (Brussel) Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 40 Issue 2-3-4 Pages 123-149  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Sociology; Centre for Population, Family and Health; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL); Centre for Research on Environmental and Social Change  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2295-8150 ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:167658 Serial 7678  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Lachmann, T.; van der Snickt, G.; Haschke, M.; Mantouvalou, I. doi  openurl
  Title Combined 1D, 2D and 3D micro-XRF techniques for the analysis of illuminated manuscripts Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2016 Publication Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 31 Issue 10 Pages 1989-1997  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract The combination of several micro-XRF analysis modes is presented for the investigation of an illuminated parchment manuscript. With a commercial instrument, conventional micro-XRF spot analysis (0D) and mapping (2D) are performed, yielding detailed lateral elemental information. Depth resolution becomes accessible by mounting an additional polycapillary lens in front of an SDD detector. Quantitative confocal depth profiles (1D) are presented as well as the full separation of the front and the backside decorations with the help of fast 3D mappings of specific areas. Only through the use of these multidimensional modes can elemental information be assigned both to lateral and depth positions, making the analysis of such heterogeneous samples feasible.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000385362200004 Publication Date 2016-08-25  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0267-9477 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:144755 Serial 7679  
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Author Dasgupta, N.; Borah, R.; Mishra, P.; Gupta, A.K.; Chhabra, R.P. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Combined effects of blockage and yield stress on drag and heat transfer from an in-line array of three spheres Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Journal of dispersion science and technology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 40 Issue 6 Pages 855-873  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)  
  Abstract This work reports results on the drag and heat transfer from an in-line array of three isothermal spheres falling in a cylindrical confinement filled with Bingham plastic fluids. The effects of dimensionless parameters, such as the Reynolds number (1 ≤ Re ≤ 100), Prandtl number (1 ≤ Pr ≤ 100), Bingham number (0 ≤ Bn ≤ 100), blockage ratio (2 ≤ β ≤ 4) and sphere-to-sphere distance (1.5 ≤ t ≤ 6) have been elucidated. The flow and heat transfer characteristics were analysed in terms of yielded/unyielded regions, streamline and isotherm contours, drag coefficient, pressure coefficient, and local and average Nusselt number. Broadly, the drag coefficient shows a positive dependence on Bn and sphere-to-sphere distance (t) while it exhibits an inverse dependence on Re and β. On the other hand, the Nusselt number shows a positive dependence on Re, Pr, Bn and β; and a complex dependence on t for each sphere. Simple predictive expressions for the average Nusselt number for each sphere are formulated, thereby enabling its prediction in a new application.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000467844200010 Publication Date 2018-12-01  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0193-2691 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:190865 Serial 7680  
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Author Stefaniak, E.A.; Alsecz, A.; Frost, R.; Máthé, Z.; Sajó, I.E.; Török, S.; Worobiec, A.; Van Grieken, R. doi  openurl
  Title Combined SEM/EDX and micro-Raman spectroscopy analysis of uranium minerals from a former uranium mine Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2009 Publication Journal of hazardous materials Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 168 Issue 1 Pages 416-423  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Samples of the secondary uranium minerals collected in the abandoned uranium mine at Pecs (Hungary) were investigated by two micro-techniques: scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX) and micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS). They were applied to locate U-rich particles and identify the chemical form and oxidation state of the uranium compounds. The most abundant mineral was a K and/or Na uranyl sulphate (zippeite group). U(VI) was also present in the form showing intensive Raman scattering at 860 cm−1 which can be attributed to uranium trioxide. This research has shown the successful application of micro-Raman spectroscopy for the identification of uranyl mineral species on the level of individual particles.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000267567600060 Publication Date 2009-02-22  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0304-3894 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:77032 Serial 7681  
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Author Klepka, M.; Lawniczak-Jablonska, K.; Jablonski, M.; Wolska, A.; Minikayev, R.; Paszkowicz, W.; Przepiera, A.; Spolnik, Z.; Van Grieken, R. doi  openurl
  Title Combined XRD, EPMA and X-ray absorption study of mineral ilmenite used in pigments production Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2005 Publication Journal of alloys and compounds Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 401 Issue 1/2 Pages 281-288  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000232267700050 Publication Date 2005-05-24  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0925-8388 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:54562 Serial 7682  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Mao, D.; Lookman, R.; van de Weghe, H.; Weltens, R.; Vanermen, G.; de Brucker, N.; Diels, L. doi  openurl
  Title Combining HPLC-GCXGC, GCXGC/ToF-MS, and selected ecotoxicity assays for detailed monitoring of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation in soil and leaching water Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2009 Publication Environmental science and technology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 43 Issue 20 Pages 7651-7657  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)  
  Abstract HPLC-GCXGC/FID (high-performance liquid chromatography followed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection) and GCXGC/ToF-MS (comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry) were used to study the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil microcosms during 20 weeks. Two soils were studied: one spiked with fresh diesel and one field sample containing weathered diesel-like oil. Nutrient amended and unamended samples were included. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) levels in spiked soil decreased from 15000 to 7500 mg/kg d.m. and from 12000 to 4000 mg/kg d.m. in the field soil. Linear alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons were better biodegradable (>60% degraded) than iso-alkanes; cycloalkanes were least degradable (<40%). Aromatic hydrocarbons up to three rings showed better degradability than n-alkanes. GCXGC/ToF-MS analysis of leaching water showed that initially various oxygenated hydrocarbons were produced. Compound peaks seemed to move up and rightward in the GCXGC chromatograms, indicating that more polar and heavier compounds were formed as biodegradation proceeded. Nutrient amendment can increase TPH removal rates, but had adverse effects on ecotoxicity and leaching potential in our experiment. This was explained by observed shifts in the soil microbial community. Ecotoxicity assays showed that residual TPH still inhibited cress (Lepidium sativum) seed germination, but the leaching water was no longer toxic toward luminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri).  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000270594900014 Publication Date 2009-09-18  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0013-936x; 1520-5851 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:79168 Serial 7683  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Van De Vijver, E.; Van Meirvenne, M.; Saey, T.; Delefortrie, S.; De Smedt, P.; De Pue, J.; Seuntjens, P. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Combining multi-receiver electromagnetic induction and stepped frequency ground penetrating radar for industrial site investigation Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2015 Publication European journal of soil science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 66 Issue 4 Pages 688-698  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)  
  Abstract The soil at industrial sites is frequently characterized by very heterogeneous properties, which are often related to physical disturbance and contamination. A conventional approach to characterize the soil, with only a limited number of invasive observations, fails to capture the full extent of soil heterogeneity. Proximal soil sensing provides efficient tools to record spatially dense soil information. Nevertheless, because the output of most sensors is affected by more than one soil property, the simultaneous characterization of different soil properties requires the use of multiple sensors. Here, we apply multi-receiver electromagnetic induction (EMI) and stepped frequency ground penetrating radar (GPR) to survey a former gasworks site in a seaport area of Belgium. We used the EMI and GPR sensors in a motorized system to obtain densely sampled measurements of apparent electrical conductivity, apparent magnetic susceptibility and contrasts in relative dielectric permittivity. Our study shows that the sensors give detailed information on the variation in these electromagnetic soil properties. Interpretation of the variation in terms of the stratification of the soil was hampered by localized anthropogenic disturbances. However, the sensors provided complementary information that enabled the identification, discrimination and accurate location of several of these localized disturbances, including underground utility services such as electric cables, buried structures such as the remains of foundations and contamination by salts. Because these represent typical targets in industrial site investigation, we conclude that multi-receiver EMI and stepped frequency GPR provide a useful set of tools to expedite the investigation of industrial sites.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000357341900008 Publication Date 2015-02-27  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1351-0754 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:127112 Serial 7684  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Gielis, J.; Caratelli, D.; de Jong van Coevorden, M.; Ricci, P.E. doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title The common descent of biological shape description and special functions Type H1 Book chapter
  Year 2018 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 230 Issue Pages 119-131 T2 - Differential and difference equations  
  Keywords H1 Book chapter; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)  
  Abstract Gielis transformations, with their origin in botany, are used to define square waves and trigonometric functions of higher order. They are rewritten in terms of Chebyshev polynomials. The origin of both, a uniform descriptor and the origin of orthogonal polynomials, can be traced back to a letter of Guido Grandi to Leibniz in 1713 on the mathematical description of the shape of flowers. In this way geometrical description and analytical tools are seamlessly combined.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000451375900010 Publication Date 2018-05-08  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-3-319-75646-2; 2194-1009; 978-3-319-75647-9; 978-3-319-75646-2 Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor (up) Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:150949 Serial 7685  
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