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	Author	Bruynseels, F.; Storms, H.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	LAMMA and electron-microprobe analysis of atmospheric aerosols			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1984	Publication	Journal de physique	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	45	Issue	C:2	Pages	785-788
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A laser microprobe mass analyser and a highly automated electron probe X-ray microanalysis unit have been used to study the elemental composition, inorganic speciation and morphology of atmospheric aerosols collected at various remote to polluted and marine to continental locations.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1984SQ01400182	Publication Date	2007-08-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-0738	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113621			Serial	8148
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Verbueken, A.H.; van de Vijver, F.L.; Visser, W.J.; Van Grieken, R.E.; de Broe, M.E.
	Title	Laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) to verify the aluminon staining of bone			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1986	Publication	Stain technology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	61	Issue	5	Pages	287-295
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
	Abstract	Triammonium aurin tricarboxylate (aluminon) has been used to localize aluminum in 2 μm sections of undecalcified, methyl methacrylate embedded bone obtained from patients with terminal chronic renal failure. Aluminum appeared in four cases as bright red lines at the mineralized-bone boundary. In two cases, however, purplish lines were found and one patient showed red as well as purplish lines. Laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) identified aluminum at the location of the red lines and both aluminum and iron at the purplish lines. Furthermore, both iron and aluminum were found in histiocytic bone marrow cells, which showed brownish aluminon staining. It appears that when aluminum and iron occur together, aluminon staining may yield aberrant results. This study shows that LAMMA can be used for the identification of elements sought by histochemical methods and thus permits the evaluation of their staining effects.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2007-12-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0038-9153	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116764			Serial	8159
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Wouters, L.; Artaxo, P.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Laser microprobe mass analysis of individual Antarctic aerosol particles			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1990	Publication	International journal of environmental analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	38	Issue	3	Pages	427-438
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Individual Antarctic aerosol particles in the 0.54 μm aerodynamic diameter range were analyzed using laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA). As they were sampled near the ocean, the great majority consists of seasalt, transformed to various degrees in the atmosphere. Major alterations include the association of an excess sulfate and methane sulfonate with these particles. Sulfate-rich particles containing little or no chloride were found mostly in the smallest size fraction (0.51 μm), where they account for some 5% of all particles: they are most likely highly transformed seasalt. Aluminosilicates, on the other hand, only appear among the coarser particles: they represent 2% of the particulates in the 24 μm range. The remainder of the aerosol consists of organic, Fe-rich, K-rich and Zn-rich particles. The latter groups have very low abundances: always less than 1% of the population of the impactor stage(s) onto which they were collected.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1990CN56100011	Publication Date	2007-07-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0306-7319	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116580			Serial	8160
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Dierck, I.; Michaud, D.; Wouters, L.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Laser microprobe mass analysis of individual North Sea aerosol particles			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1992	Publication	Environmental science and technology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	26	Issue		Pages	802-808
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1992HL93600028	Publication Date	2005-03-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-936x; 1520-5851	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:2828			Serial	8161
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Verbueken, A.H.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Verpooten, G.A.; de Broe, M.E.; Wedeen, R.P.
	Title	Laser microprobe mass spectrometric identification of cyclosporine-induced intrarenal microliths in rat			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1992	Publication	Biological mass spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	21	Issue		Pages	590-596
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1992JU83000010	Publication Date	2005-05-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1052-9306	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:2842			Serial	8162
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Bruynseels, F.J.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	Laser microprobe mass spectrometric identification of sulfur species in single micrometer-size particles			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1984	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	56	Issue	6	Pages	871-873
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1984SP09600012	Publication Date	2005-03-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116521			Serial	8163
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Denoyer, E.; Van Grieken, R.; Adams, F.; Ntausch, D.F.S.
	Title	Laser microprobe mass spectrometry : 1 : basic principles and performance characteristics			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1982	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	54	Issue	1	Pages	26a-33a
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2012-05-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116517			Serial	8164
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Eyckmans, K.; Zhang, J.; de Hoog, J.; Joos, P.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Leaching of nutrients and trace metals from aerosol samples: a comparison between a re-circulation and an ultrasound system			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2001	Publication	International journal of environmental analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	80	Issue	3	Pages	227-243
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000172385700006	Publication Date	2007-07-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0306-7319	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:36087			Serial	8167
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Álvarez-Martín, A.; Sanchez-Martin, M.J.; Ordax, J.M.; Marin-Benito, J.M.; Sonia Rodriguez-Cruz, M.
	Title	Leaching of two fungicides in spent mushroom substrate amended soil : I influence of amendment rate, fungicide ageing and flow condition			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	The science of the total environment	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	584	Issue		Pages	828-837
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A study has been conducted on the leaching of two fungicides, tebuconazole and cymoxanil, in a soil amended with spent mushroom substrate (SMS), with an evaluation of how different factors influence this process.The objective was based on the potential use of SMS as a biosorbent for immobilizing pesticides in vulnerable soils, and the need to know how it could affect the subsequent transport of these retained compounds. Breakthrough curves (BTCs) for C-14-fungicides, non-incubated and incubated over 30 days, were obtained in columns packed with an unamended soil (S), and this soil amended with SMS at rates of 5% (S + SMS5) and 50% (S + SMS50) under saturated and saturated-unsaturated flows. The highest leaching of tebuconazole (> 50% of the total C-14 added) was found in S when a saturated water flow was applied to the column, but the percentage of leached fungidde decreased when a saturated-unsaturated flow was applied in both SMS-amended soils. Also a significant decrease in teaching was observed for tebuconazole after incubation in the column, especially in S + SMS50 when both flows were applied. Furthermore, cymoxanil leaching was complete in S and S + SMS when a saturated flow was applied, and maximum peak concentrations were reached at 1 pore volume (PV), although BTCs showed peaks with lower concentrations in S + SMS. The amounts of cymoxanil retained only increased in S + SMS when a saturated-unsaturated flow was applied. A more relevant effect of SMS for reducing the leaching of fungidde was observed when cymoxanil was previously incubated in the column, although mineralization was enhanced in this case. These results are of interest for extending SMS application on the control of the leaching of fungicides with different physicochemical characteristics after different ageing times in the soil and water flow conditions applied. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000399358500080	Publication Date	2017-01-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0048-9697; 1879-1026	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:160643			Serial	8168
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Van Borman, W.; Wouters, L.; Van Grieken, R.; Adams, F.
	Title	Lead particles in an urban atmosphere : an individual particle approach			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1990	Publication	The science of the total environment	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	90	Issue		Pages	55-66
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	In air particulate matter, sampled at a suburban site near the city of Antwerp, Belgium, more than 1500 individual Pb-containing aerosol particles with projected diameters between 0.2 and 15 μm were analyzed by automated electron probe X-ray micro analysis (EPXMA) for 26 elements and morphological features. Laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) was used to detect elements with Z < 11, particularly ammonium compounds. The Pb-containing particles were classified into five main classes: Pb-sulfates, Pb-halides, soil related Pb, Pb associated with medium atomic number elements and Pb associated with high atomic number elements. Each class was divided into several distinct particle types, of which the abundance (in number and mass %), the mean projected particle diameter, and the chemical composition were determined. Auto exhaust products are responsible for Pb-sulfates and Pb-halides, making up respectively 66.7 and 27.8% by mass of the Pb-containing particles. Ammonium sulfate coatings were found to be present on nearly all Pb particles. The observations were correlated with daily concentrations of Pb and Br, obtained by particle induced X-ray emission analysis (PIXE).
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1990CJ43500005	Publication Date	2003-09-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0048-9697; 1879-1026	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116651			Serial	8169
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Osán, J.; Szalóki, I.; Ro, C.-U.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Light element analysis of individual microparticles using thin-window EPMA			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2000	Publication	Microchimica acta	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	132	Issue		Pages	349-355
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000086810800029	Publication Date	2003-02-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-3672; 1436-5073	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:27594			Serial	8172
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Injuk, J.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Literature trends in x-ray emission spectrometry in the period 1990-2000: a review			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2003	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	32	Issue		Pages	35-39
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000180811200006	Publication Date	2005-01-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:40614			Serial	8175
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Schram, J.; Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam, S.; Sleegers, N.; Florea, A.; Samyn, N.; van Nuijs, A.L.N.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Local conversion of redox inactive molecules into redox active ones : a formaldehyde based strategy for the electrochemical detection of illicit drugs containing primary and secondary amines			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Electrochimica Acta	Abbreviated Journal	Electrochim Acta
	Volume	367	Issue		Pages	137515
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Toxicological Centre
	Abstract	Electrochemical techniques have evidenced to be highly suitable for the development of portable, rapid and accurate screening methods for the detection of illicit drugs in seized samples. However, the redox inactivity of primary amines, one of the most common functional groups of illicit drugs, masks voltammetric detection in aqueous environment at carbon electrodes and, therefore, leads to false negative results if only these primary amines are present in the structures. This work explores the feasibility of a derivatisation approach that introduces formaldehyde in the measuring conditions in order to achieve methylation, via an Eschweiler-Clarke mechanism, of illicit drugs containing primary and secondary amines, using amphetamine (AMP) and methamphetamine (MET) as model molecules. As a result the electrochemical fingerprint is enriched and thereby the detectability enhanced. A combination of liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOFMS) and square-wave voltammetric (SWV) measurements is employed to identify reaction products and link them to the observed redox peaks. Although an alkaline environment (pH 12.0) proved to increase the reaction yield, a richer electrochemical fingerprint (EF) is obtained in neutral conditions (pH 7.0). Similarly, the addition of formate improved the reaction conversion but reduced the EF by eliminating a redox peak that is attributed to side products formed in the absence of formate. To illustrate the applicability, the derivatisation strategy is applied to several prominent illicit drugs containing primary and secondary amines to demonstrate its EF enriching capabilities. Finally, real street samples from forensic seizures are analysed. Overall, this strategy unlocks the detectability of the hitherto undetectable AMP and other drugs only containing primary amines, while strongly facilitating the identification of MET and analogues. These findings are not limited to illicit drugs, the insights can ultimately be applied to other target molecules containing similar functional groups. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000607620700010	Publication Date	2020-11-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-4686	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.798	Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 4.798
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:176083			Serial	8177
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Verbueken, A.H.; van de Vijver, F.L.; Nouwen, E.J.; Van Grieken, R.E.; de Broe, M.E.
	Title	Localization of aluminum in tissues			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1988	Publication	Contributions to nephrology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	64	Issue		Pages	124-133
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-5144	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116808			Serial	8181
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Vandeputte, D.F.; Ameloot, P.C.; Cleymaet, R.; Coomans, D.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	Localization of lead and fluoride in cultured tooth germs by laser microprobe mass analysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1990	Publication	Biological trace element research	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	23	Issue		Pages	133-144
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Trace elements can influence dental health, possibly by altering tooth resistance during preeruptive development. Therefore, it was investigated whether lead and fluoride would be incorporated into the calcifying matrices or the cellular parts of tooth germs in vitro. Using laser microprobe mass analysis, the localization of lead and fluoride was studied in the different layers or tooth germs that had been cultured in a medium to which PbCl2 of NaF had been added in different concentrations. Both elements could only be detected in the dentine layer. Hence, the enamel organ in the secretory stage of tooth development excludes lead and fluoride from the enamel, even when enamel formation by the ameloblasts is visibly disturbed. Furthermore, there seemed to be a process of saturation in the accumulation of lead and fluoride in the dentine.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2008-06-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0163-4984	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116797			Serial	8182
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Robberecht, H.J.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Van den Bosch, P.A.; Deelstra, H.; vanden Berghe, D.
	Title	Losses of metabolically incorporated selenium in common digestion procedures for biological material			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1982	Publication	Talanta : the international journal of pure and applied analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	29	Issue	11	Pages	1025-1028
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Two common procedures for wet destruction of biological materials for subsequent determination of selenium have been investigated. Rat organs and biological fluids were endogenously labelled with 75Se to monitor losses during the procedures. Addition of nitric and perchloric acids with gradual heating up to 210° seemed to be the best method: at this temperature the labelled selenium was still recovered quantitatively, and the destruction was fast and efficient.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1982PP35500009	Publication Date	2002-07-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0039-9140; 1873-3573	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116568			Serial	8186
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Ravindra, K.; Godoi, A.F.L.; Bencs, L.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Low-pressure gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry for the fast determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in air samples			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2006	Publication	Journal of chromatography: A: bibliography section	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	1114	Issue	2	Pages	278-281
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000237542500016	Publication Date	2006-04-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:57705			Serial	8188
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Legrand, S.; van der Snickt, G.; Cagno, S.; Caen, J.; Janssens, K.
	Title	MA-XRF imaging as a tool to characterize the 16th century heraldic stained-glass panels in Ghent Saint Bavo Cathedral			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Journal of cultural heritage	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	40	Issue		Pages	163-168
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Art; History; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
	Abstract	MA-XRF is a novel macroscopic imaging technique originally developed for easel paintings and recently made available to glass conservators. This paper discusses the first real-life contribution of MA-XRF imaging to a conservation intervention of stained-glass panels. The six panels under study belong to the cathedral building since their creation in 1555-1559 AD. MA-XRF appeared an outstanding tool for first-line screening of stained-glass windows, providing readily interpretable information on glass type, coloring and alteration processes. In particular, the chemical imaging technique allowed distinguishing unambiguously the surviving original glass panes from later additions, thereby ensuring a correct historical understanding. From a more practical point of view, the experiments supplied accurate schemes that can be directly incorporated in condition reports and assist designing the ensuing conservation approach. (C0 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000491173800017	Publication Date	2019-06-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1296-2074	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:167564			Serial	8191
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Zhang, L.; Vleugels, J.; Darchuk, L.; van der Biest, O.
	Title	Magnetic field oriented tetragonal zirconia with anisotropic toughness			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Journal of the European Ceramic Society	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	31	Issue	8	Pages	1405-1412
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	(0 0 1)-oriented 3 mol% yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia (3Y-TZP) has been developed by reactive synthesis of undoped pure monoclinic zirconia and co-precipitated 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (8Y-ZrO2). The dispersed pure monoclinic ZrO2 powder, having magnetic anisotropy, was first aligned in a strong magnetic field and co-sintered in a randomly distributed cubic 8Y-ZrO2 fine matrix powder. The reactive sintering resulted in a 3Y-TZP ceramic with a (0 0 1) orientation. The (0 0 1)-oriented 3Y-TZP showed a substantial toughness anisotropy, i.e. the toughness along the [0 0 1] direction is 54% higher than that of its perpendicular direction. Moreover, the toughness along the [0 0 1] direction is 49% higher than that of a non-textured isotropic reactively synthesized 3Y-TZP and 110% higher than that of an isotropic co-precipitated powder based 3Y-TZP. The substantially enhanced toughness was interpreted in terms of the tetragonal to monoclinic martensitic phase transformability.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000290189100008	Publication Date	2011-03-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0955-2219	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:89722			Serial	8192
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Sholkovitz, E.R.; Van Grieken, R.; Eisma, D.
	Title	The major-element composition of suspended matter in the Zaire river and estuary			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1978	Publication	Netherlands journal of sea research	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	12	Issue	3/4	Pages	407-413
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2003-08-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0077-7579; 1873-1406	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116608			Serial	8195
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	Author	Horemans, B.; Krata, A.; Buczyńska, A.J.; Dirtu, A.C.; van Meel, K.; Van Grieken, R.; Bencs, L.
	Title	Major ionic species in size-segregated aerosols and associated gaseous pollutants at a coastal site on the Belgian North Sea			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Journal of environmental monitoring	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	11	Issue	3	Pages	670-677
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The chemical composition of airborne particulate matter (PM) was studied at a coastal region near De Haan, Belgium, during a winterspring and a summer campaign in 2006. The major ionic components of size-segregated PM, i.e. NH4+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, NO3-, and SO42-, and related gaseous pollutants (SO2, NO2, NH3, HNO2, and HNO3) were monitored on a daily basis. Air mass backward-trajectories aided in evaluating the origin of the diurnal pollution load. This was characterised with high levels of fine secondary inorganic aerosols (NH4+, NO3-, and non-sea-salt SO42-) for continental air masses, and sea-salts as the dominant species in coarse maritime aerosols. Seasonal variations in the level of major ionic species were explained by weather conditions and the release of dimethyl sulfide from marine regions. This species was responsible for an increased sea-salt Cl- depletion during summer (56%), causing elevated levels of HCl. Neutralisation ratios for the coarse fraction (0.60.8) suggested a depleted NH4+ level, while that for the fine fraction (1.11.3) had definitely an excess of NH4+, formed by the neutralisation of HCl. The results of factor analysis and the extent of SO2 oxidation indicated that the major ionic species originated from both local and remote sources, classifying the Belgian coastal region as a combined sourcereceptor area of air pollution.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000264098400022	Publication Date	2008-12-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1464-0325; 1464-0333	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:74341			Serial	8196
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	Author	Daems, E.; Moro, G.; Campos, R.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Mapping the gaps in chemical analysis for the characterisation of aptamer-target interactions			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Trac-Trends In Analytical Chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Trac-Trend Anal Chem
	Volume	142	Issue		Pages	116311
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Aptamers are promising biorecognition elements with a wide applicability from therapeutics to bio-sensing. However, to successfully use these biomolecules, a complete characterisation of their bindingperformance in the presence of the target is crucial. Several multi-analytical approaches have been re-ported including techniques to describe kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of the aptamer-targetinteraction, and techniques which allow an in-depth understanding of the aptamer-target structures.Recent literature shows the need of a critical data interpretation, a combination of characterisationtechniques and suggests the key role of the characterisation protocol design. Indeed, thefinal applicationof the aptamer should be considered before choosing the characterisation method. All the limitations andcapabilities of the analytical tools in use for aptamer characterisation should be taken into account. Here,we present a critical overview of the current methods and multi-analytical approaches to study aptamer-target binding, aiming to provide researchers with guidelines for the design of characterisation protocols.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000682179000010	Publication Date	2021-04-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0165-9936; 1879-3142	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.442	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 8.442
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:179407			Serial	8203
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	Author	Johansson, T.B.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Winchester, J.W.
	Title	Marine influences on aerosol composition in the coastal zone			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1974	Publication	Journal de recherches atmosphériques	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	8	Issue	3-4	Pages	761-766
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-7972	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:113640			Serial	8204
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	Author	Bencs, L.; Ravindra, K.; de Hoog, J.; Rasoazanany, E.O.; Deutsch, F.; Bleux, N.; Berghmans, P.; Roekens, E.; Krata, A.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Mass and ionic composition of atmospheric fine particles over Belgium and their relation with gaseous air pollutants			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	Journal of environmental monitoring	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	10	Issue	10	Pages	1148-1157
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Mass, major ionic components (MICs) of PM2.5, and related gaseous pollutants (SO2, NOx, NH3, HNO2, and HNO3) were monitored over six locations of different anthropogenic influence (industrial, urban, suburban, and rural) in Belgium. SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, and Na+ were the primary ions of PM2.5 with averages diurnal concentrations ranging from 0.44.5, 0.37.6, 0.94.9, and 0.41.2 µg m-3, respectively. MICs formed 39% of PM2.5 on an average, but it could reach up to 8098%. The SO2, NO, NO2, HNO2, and HNO3 levels showed high seasonal and site-specific fluctuations. The NH3 levels were similar over all the sites (26 µg m-3), indicating its relation to the evenly distributed animal husbandry activities. The sulfur and nitrogen oxidation ratios for PM2.5 point towards a low-to-moderate formation of secondary sulfate and nitrate aerosols over five cities/towns, but their fairly intensive formation over the rural Wingene. Cluster analysis revealed the association of three groups of compounds in PM2.5: (i) NH4NO3, KNO3; (ii) Na2SO4; and (iii) MgCl2, CaCl2, MgF2, CaF2, corresponding to anthropogenic, sea-salt, and mixed (sea-salt + anthropogenic) aerosols, respectively. The neutralization and cation-to-anion ratios indicate that MICs of PM2.5 appeared mostly as (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 salts. Sea-salt input was maximal during winter reaching up to 12% of PM2.5. The overall average Cl-loss for sea-salt particles of PM2.5 at the six sites varied between 69 and 96% with an average of 87%. Principal component analysis revealed vehicular emission, coal/wood burning and animal farming as the dominating sources for the ionic components of PM2.5.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000259890100005	Publication Date	2008-10-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1464-0325; 1464-0333	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:76876			Serial	8206
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Delalieux, F.; Tsuji, K.; Wagatsuma, K.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Material analysis methods applied to the study of ancient monuments, works of art and artefacts			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2002	Publication	Materials transactions	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	43	Issue	9	Pages	2197-2200
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000178449800008	Publication Date	2005-10-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:40618			Serial	8208
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Alföldy, B.; Lööv, J.B.; Lagler, F.; Bencs, L.; Horemans, B.; Van Grieken, R.; et al.
	Title	Measurements of air pollution emission factors for marine transportation in SECA			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Atmospheric measurement techniques	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	6	Issue	7	Pages	1777-1791
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The chemical composition of the plumes of seagoing ships was measured during a two week long measurement campaign in the port of Rotterdam, Hoek van Holland The Netherlands, in September 2009. Altogether, 497 ships were monitored and a statistical evaluation of emission factors (g kg−1 fuel) was provided. The concerned main atmospheric components were SO2, NO2, NOx and the aerosol particle number. In addition, the elemental and water-soluble ionic composition of the emitted particulate matter was determined. Emission factors were expressed as a function of ship type, power and crankshaft rotational speed. The average SO2 emission factor was found to be roughly half of what is allowed in sulphur emission control areas (16 vs. 30 g kg−1 fuel), and exceedances of this limit were rarely registered. A significant linear relationship was observed between the SO2 and particle number emission factors. The intercept of the regression line, 4.8 × 1015 (kg fuel)−1, gives the average number of particles formed during the burning of 1 kg zero sulphur content fuel, while the slope, 2 × 1018, provides the average number of particles formed with 1 kg sulphur burnt with the fuel. Water-soluble ionic composition analysis of the aerosol samples from the plumes showed that ~144 g of particulate sulphate was emitted from 1 kg sulphur burnt with the fuel. The mass median diameter of sulphate particles estimated from the measurements was ~42 nm.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000322546800014	Publication Date	2013-07-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1867-1381; 1867-8548	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:109265			Serial	8211
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	Author	Robberecht, H.; Deelstra, H.; vanden Berghe, D.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Metal pollution and selenium distributions in soils and grass near a non-ferrous plant			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1983	Publication	The science of the total environment	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	29	Issue	3	Pages	229-241
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Multi-element analysis results of direct energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence of soil samples taken in the vicinity of a non-ferrous plant in Antwerp are reported. High concentrations of Pb, Cu, Zn, As and Se are found in nearby residential areas, especially in top-soil layers. Selenium pollution appears not to be leached significantly to lower soil horizons, but it is available for uptake by rye-grass, in which toxic levels are found. Results are compared to literature data. Hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry proved to be unsuitable for direct analysis of the heavily contaminated soils.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1983RE16300003	Publication Date	2003-09-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0048-9697; 1879-1026	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116648			Serial	8218
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	Author	Marguí, E.; van Meel, K.; Van Grieken, R.; Buendía, A.; Fontás, C.; Hidalgo, M.; Queralt, I.
	Title	Method for the determination of Pd-catalyst residues in active pharmaceutical ingredients by means of high-energy polarized-beam energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	81	Issue	4	Pages	1404-1410
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	In medicinal chemistry, Pd is perhaps the most-widely utilized precious metal, as catalyst in reactions which represent key transformations toward the synthesis of new active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The disadvantage of this metal-catalyzed chemistry is that expensive and toxic metal residues are invariably left bound to the desired product. Thus, stringent regulatory guidelines exist for the amount of residual Pd that a drug candidate is allowed to contain. In this work, a rapid and simple method for the determination of Pd in API samples by high-energy polarized-beam energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry has been developed and validated according to the specification limits of current legislation (10 mg kg−1 Pd) and the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH guidelines). Sample and calibration standards preparation includes a first step of homogenization and then, in a second step, the pressing of the powdered material into pellets without any chemical treatment. The use of several synthetic calibration standards made of cellulose to simulate the API matrix appears to be an effective means to obtain reliable calibration curves with a good spread of data points over the working range. With the use of the best measuring conditions, the limit of detection (0.11 mg kg−1 Pd) as well as the limit of quantitation (0.37 mg kg−1 Pd) achieved meet rigorous requirements. The repeatability of the XRF measurement appeared to be less than 2%, while the precision of the whole method was around 7%. Trueness was evaluated by analyzing spiked API samples at the level of the specification limit and calculating the recovery factor, which was better than 95%. To study the applicability of the developed methodology for the intended purpose, three batches of the studied API were analyzed for their Pd content, and the attained results were comparable to those obtained by the daily routine method (acid digestion plus atomic spectroscopy) used in most pharmaceutical laboratories.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000263319000015	Publication Date	2009-01-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:74340			Serial	8220
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	Author	Osán, J.; Ro, C.-U.; Szalóki, I.; Worobiec, A.; de Hoog, J.; Joos, P.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Methodology for light element analysis of individual aerosol particles using thin-window EPMA			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2000	Publication	Journal of aerosol science	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	31	Issue	S1	Pages	765-766
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-8502; 1879-1964	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:31645			Serial	8221
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Dirtu, A.C.; Buczyńska, A.J.; Godoi, A.F.L.; Favoreto, R.; Bencs, L.; Potgieter-Vermaak, S.S.; Godoi, R.H.M.; Van Grieken, R.; Van Vaeck, L.
	Title	Methods, fluxes and sources of gas phase alkyl nitrates in the coastal air			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Environmental monitoring and assessment	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	186	Issue	10	Pages	6445-6457
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Toxicological Centre
	Abstract	The daily and seasonal atmospheric concentrations, deposition fluxes and emission sources of a few C3C9 gaseous alkyl nitrates (ANs) at the Belgian coast (De Haan) on the Southern North Sea were determined. An adapted sampler design for low- and high-volume air-sampling, optimized sample extraction and clean-up, as well as identification and quantification of ANs in air samples by means of gas chromatography mass spectrometry, are reported. The total concentrations of ANs ranged from 0.03 to 85 pptv and consisted primarily of the nitro-butane and nitro-pentane isomers. Air mass backward trajectories were calculated by the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model to determine the influence of main air masses on AN levels in the air. The shorter chain ANs have been the most abundant in the Atlantic/Channel/UK air masses, while longer chain ANs prevailed in continental air. The overall mean N fluxes of the ANs were slightly higher for summer than those for winter-spring, although their contributions to the total nitrogen flux were low. High correlations between AN and HNO2 levels were observed during winter/spring. During summer, the shorter chain ANs correlated well with precipitation. Source apportionment by means of principal component analysis indicated that most of the gas phase ANs could be attributed to traffic/combustion, secondary photochemical formation and biomass burning, although marine sources may also have been present and a contributing factor.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000341497800035	Publication Date	2014-06-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1420-2026; 1573-2967	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:118906			Serial	8224
Permanent link to this record