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Cagno, S.; Cosyns, P.; Ceglia, A.; Nys, K.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
The use of vitrum obsianum in the Roman Empire: some new insights and future prospects |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year  |
2015 |
Publication |
Periodico di mineralogia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Period Mineral |
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Volume |
84 |
Issue |
3a |
Pages |
465-482 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
The research on the use of obsidian in the Mediterranean is extensive but concerns almost exclusively volcanic glass from prehistoric and Bronze Age contexts. The consumption of obsidian during the Roman imperial period, however, has only occasionally received attention. Never a comprehensive account on what the Romans made in vitrum obsianum has been set up, nor have the sources exploited by them been examined. This paper provides a concise overview of the current knowledge on obsidian during the Roman imperial period and offers an introductory outline on potential research. The ancient writers inform us about the use of volcanic glass to create exclusive vessels, gemstones, mirrors and sculpture, but also about the creation of black appearing man-made glass initiated as a cheap and easier workable substitute of obsidian. The archaeological data on the other hand propose a more complex story with the occurrence of obsidian chunks in early Roman secondary glass workshops, and the bulky use of obsidian in late Antiquity to produce tesserae for the creation of wall and vault mosaics. Because it is extremely difficult to visually distinguish natural obsidian from man-made glass imitations we present in this paper data collected by means of non-destructive chemico-physical analyses SEM-EDX, portable X-ray fluorescence (p-XRF) and Raman spectroscopy to easily distinguish man-made glass from natural obsidian. In particular the use of portable instruments makes possible in situ analysis of objects in archaeological depots or museum collections to help defining distribution networks to better understand the shifting consumption patterns in Antiquity. |
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000365632500007 |
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ISSN |
0369-8963 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
0.883 |
Times cited |
2 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; Our sincere gratitude goes to Cecile Evers and Natacha Masar to have granted permission for studying and analysing various obsidian artefacts within the collections of the Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels (Belgium). We are also very grateful to Roald Doctor, Daniele Foy and Laudine Robin, respectively for having provided the material from Carthage, for the Sidi Jdidi tessera and Lyon. Our appreciation also goes to Ian Freestone and Andrew Meek respectively for having worked out and provided the internal report on the horse foreleg in the British Museum. Finally we wish to thank Jennifer Price, Maria Grazia Diani respectively for the information on the Stanwick fragment and the piece in the Pogliaghi-Varesse collection. This research was supported by the Hercules Foundation (Brussels) with the grant AUHA09004 and FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0C12.13 and G.01769.09 and partly by the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence funding scheme, project number 223268/ F50. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 0.883; 2015 IF: 0.464 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:130244 |
Serial |
5876 |
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Author |
Ceglia, A.; Nuyts, G.; Cagno, S.; Meulebroeck, W.; Baert, K.; Cosyns, P.; Nys, K.; Thienpont, H.; Janssens, K.; Terryn, H. |
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Title |
A XANES study of chromophores : the case of black glass |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Analytical methods |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anal Methods-Uk |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
2662-2671 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
We studied the Fe K-edge X-ray absorption near edge (XANES) spectra of several Roman black glass fragments in order to determine the Fe3+/ΣFe ratio of these materials. The selected archaeological glass samples cover the period 1st5th century AD in nine different sites of the North Western provinces of the Roman Empire. The fragments belong to two different compositional groups demonstrating a diachronic evolution: early Roman HMG (High Magnesia Glass) and Roman Imperial LMG (Low Magnesia Glass). The first group contains natural Fe levels (below 2 wt% as Fe2O3), while the LMG has concentrations above 5 wt%. This difference is also reflected by Fe3+/ΣFe values. Low iron glass was produced under strongly reducing conditions in order to obtain the black colour, with average Fe3+/ΣFe values ≈ 0.17. LMG glass is somewhat more oxidised (Fe3+/ΣFe ≈ 0.40.5). While HMG glass required active control of the furnace environment, LMG was made under ambient atmosphere and its higher oxidation degree is mainly determined by the chemistry of the raw glass. |
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Wos |
000333524200032 |
Publication Date |
2014-02-05 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1759-9660 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
1.9 |
Times cited |
14 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; The authors are grateful to the staff of beamline L in HASYLAB for their helpful support. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant agreement no. 265010. Support from the University of Antwerp Research Council through GOA Programme “XANES meets ELNES” is gratefully acknowledged. This work was partly supported by the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence funding scheme, project number 223268/F50. We would like to thank M. P. Riccardi and E. Basso of the University of Pavia and R. Falcone of the Stazione Sperimentale del Vetro who provided us with the reference glasses. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.9; 2014 IF: 1.821 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:116596 |
Serial |
5919 |
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Author |
Cagno, S.; Cosyns, P.; Izmer, A.; Vanhaecke, F.; Nys, K.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
Deeply colored and black-appearing Roman glass : a continued research |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Journal of archaeological science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Archaeol Sci |
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Volume |
42 |
Issue |
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Pages |
128-139 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Philosophy; History; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
In the context of archaeological and historical assessment of Roman black-appearing glass, the chemical and physical characterization of a large collection of samples originating from various areas of the Roman Empire has been gathered over the past years to (i) verify whether a minor segment of the overall Roman glass production can help in determining possible diachronic changes in Roman imperial glass production (1st century AD – 5th century AD) and (ii) reveal regional compositional differences. In this paper, the latest results on the chemical composition of an additional 44 black-appearing Roman glass samples are presented, together with general conclusions based upon the entire compositional dataset of over 400 analyzed black glass samples. The results show that the Roman black glass is obtained through several glass compositions with a specific chronological, geographical and typological distribution. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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Wos |
000332133100011 |
Publication Date |
2013-11-13 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0305-4403 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
2.602 |
Times cited |
18 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme – Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16) and the Hercules fund, Brussels (grant A11/ 0387). The text also presents results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium), FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09, and VUB project OZR-BOF 1247. This work was partly supported by the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence funding scheme, project number 223268/F50. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.602; 2014 IF: 2.196 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:115865 |
Serial |
5567 |
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Author |
Cosyns, P.; Cagno, S.; Janssens, K.; Nys, K. |
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Title |
Un verre méditerranéen pour la production de bracelets laténiens en Europe septentrionale : résultats danalyses SEM-EDX et LA-ICP-MS de bracelets en verre La Tène tardive de Odijk, Tiel et Geldermalseren-Hondsgemet |
Type |
A3 Journal article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Bulletin AFAV |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
13-19 |
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Keywords |
A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Times cited |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:124631 |
Serial |
5884 |
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Author |
Meulebroeck, W.; Cosyns, P.; Baert, K.; Wouters, H.; Cagno, S.; Janssens, K.; Terryn, H.; Nys, K.; Thienpont, H. |
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Title |
Optical spectroscopy as a rapid and low-cost tool for the first-line analysis of glass artefacts : a step-by-step plan for Roman green glass |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of archaeological science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Archaeol Sci |
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Volume |
38 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
2387-2398 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Archaeometric research on glass artefacts is continuously evolving and is converging towards a multidisciplinary research domain where different types of techniques are applied depending on the questions asked and the circumstances involved. The technique described in this work is optical spectroscopy. The benefit of this technique being the possibility of building up a knowledge database for a large amount of material in a relatively short period of time and with a relatively limited budget. This is of particular interest for the investigation of extensive and/or unexplored glass collections where a first-line analysis of artefacts could facilitate the selection of material needing further and more detailed examination. This publication explores the extent to which optical spectroscopy can be used for a first-line analysis of green coloured glass artefacts from the Roman period. It is shown that the colour coordinates calculated from the measured transmission spectrum could reveal information about the fragment under study. In particular it is shown that 1) based on the position of the calculated colour values on the colour diagram (CIE1931) one could easily know whether the artefact was coloured using only iron or if copper oxides were also present. In the case of the artefact owing its colour solely to the presence of iron, the distance between the measured colour values and the colour diagrams white point can roughly indicate the iron concentration of the sample; 2) artefacts that were fabricated under similar furnace conditions can also be identified on the colour diagram; 3) samples with identical compositions and fabrication conditions but with different sample thickness, gave rise to a variation in the colour coordinates, thus allowing optical spectroscopy to help identify fragments which might belong to the same object. |
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Wos |
000293551200037 |
Publication Date |
2011-05-12 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0305-4403 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
2.602 |
Times cited |
18 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Vrije Universiteit Brussel for funding this research in the framework of HOA15, a “Horizontal Research Action” which encourages collaboration between research groups from different departments within the same University having expertise in specific research disciplines and also to the OZR-project 1247 BOF. The authors are also very grateful to the following persons for having permitted the study of their material: Rica Annaert and Sofie Vanhoutte of the “Vlaams lnstituut voor Onroerend Erfgoed (VIOE): Grobbendonk, Matagne-la-Petite, Oudenburg; Jean-Louis Antoine of the Musee Archeologique Namur: Nismes; Tom Debruyne of the ”Erfgoedcel“ Tienen: Tienen: Marc Rogge and Kurt Braeckman of the ”Provinciaal Archeologisch Museum (PAM)": Kruishoutem, Velzeke; Walter Sevenants: Rumst and Anne de Pyre-Gysel from the Musee Romain d'Avenches: Avenches. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.602; 2011 IF: 1.914 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:92389 |
Serial |
5756 |
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Author |
Meulebroeck, W.; Baert, K.; Wouters, H.; Cosyns, P.; Ceglia, A.; Cagno, S.; Janssens, K.; Nys, K.; Terryn, H.; Thienpont, H. |
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Title |
The identification of chromophores in ancient glass by the use of UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7726 |
Issue |
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Pages |
77260d-12 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
In this publication optical spectroscopy is considered to be a supplementary technique to study ancient colored glass. It results from a systematic study of the UV-VIS-NIR transmission spectra of intentionally colored glass fragments from various archaeological and historical sites and dated from the Roman period to the 21th century AD. The main goal consists of defining optical sensing parameters for this type of material. The considered colorants are iron, cobalt, manganese, copper and chromium. It is proved that many cases exist where optical spectroscopy can be seen as a straightforward, non-destructive, low-cost and in-situ applicable technique in identifying authentic material or to obtain information about the origin of the material. Possible sensing parameters are defined as the absence/presence of absorption bands characteristic for a specific coloring metal oxide and the spectral position of these bands. These parameters could reveal information about the applied furnace conditions and/or to the composition of the glass matrix. It is shown that the cobalt absorption band situated around 535 nm for soda rich glasses (Roman and industrial times) is shifted towards 526 nm for potash rich glasses (medieval and post-medieval times). |
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Wos |
000285287900011 |
Publication Date |
2010-04-29 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0277-786x |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
10 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:111316 |
Serial |
5650 |
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Author |
van der Linden, V.; Cosyns, P.; Schalm, O.; Cagno, S.; Nys, K.; Janssens, K.; Nowak, A.; Wagner, B.; Bulska, E. |
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Title |
Deeply coloured and black glass in the Northern provinces of the Roman Empire : differences and similarities in chemical composition before and after AD 150 |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Archaeometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Archaeometry |
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Volume |
51 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
822-844 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; History; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
In this work we attempt to elucidate the chronological and geographical origin of deeply coloured and black glass dating between 100 bc and ad 300 on the basis of their major and trace element compositions. Samples from the western and eastern parts of the Roman Empire were analysed. Analytical data were obtained by means of a scanning electron microscope – energy-dispersive system (SEM-EDS, 63 samples analysed) and laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS, 41 samples analysed). Among the glass fragments analysed, dark brown, dark purple and dark green hues could be distinguished. Only among the dark green fragments could a clear compositional distinction be observed between fragments dated to the periods before and after ad 150. In the early samples (first century bc to first century ad), iron, responsible for the green hue, was introduced by using impure sand containing relatively high amounts of Ti. In contrast, a Ti-poor source of iron was employed, containing Sb, Co and Pb in trace quantities, in order to obtain the dark green colour in the later glass samples. The analytical results obtained by combining SEM-EDS and LA-ICP-MS are therefore consistent with a differentiation of glassmaking recipes, detectable in glass composition, occurring in the period around ad 150. |
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Wos |
000269728600009 |
Publication Date |
2008-11-27 |
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ISSN |
0003-813x; 1475-4754 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
1.47 |
Times cited |
39 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.47; 2009 IF: 1.355 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:94510 |
Serial |
5568 |
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Author |
Janssens, K.; Degryse, P.; Cosyns, P.; Caen, J.; Van 't dack, L. |
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Title |
Annales of the 17th Congress of the International Association for the History of Glass (Antwerp, Belgium, 2006) |
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ME2 Book as editor or co-editor |
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2009 |
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Pages |
704 p. |
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Keywords |
ME2 Book as editor or co-editor; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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ISBN |
978-90-5487-618-2 |
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UA library record |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:110922 |
Serial |
5473 |
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Author |
Cosyns, P.; Vanderhoeven, A.; Vynckier, G.; Janssens, K.; Schalm, O.; Vanderlinden, V. |
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Title |
Two fragments of mold-blown glass beakers with Greek inscriptions from Tongeren (Belgium) |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Journal of glass studies |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
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Pages |
179-183 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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ISSN |
0075-4250 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:56123 |
Serial |
5883 |
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Author |
Cosyns, P.; Janssens, K.; Vanderlinden, V.; Schalm, O. |
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Title |
Black glass vessels and jewellery in Belgium : production, context analysis, chronology and use |
Type |
P3 Proceeding |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
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Keywords |
P3 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:135467 |
Serial |
5491 |
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